A novel amino-containing fluorene-based bisphthalonitrile monomer, 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)-2,7-(3,4... more A novel amino-containing fluorene-based bisphthalonitrile monomer, 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)-2,7-(3,4- dicyanophenoxy)-fluorene (AFPN),was successfully synthesized via the nucleophilic displacement of the nitro-substituent from 4-nitrophthalonitrile. The structure of AFPN was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Its curing behavior and curing kinetics were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR techniques. Isoconversional method based on Starinkwas applied to analyze the curing process of AFPN. The thermal andmechanical properties of the cured product were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The AFPN showed a self-promoted curing behavior, whereas the introduction of the amino groups increased its curing rate and lowered its curing temperature. Additionally, its cured polymer showed an excellent thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, since its char yield reached 76.5% at 800 C in nitrogen and 83.4% at 600 C in air, respectively.
A new type of composite based on phthalonitrile resin reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) micro... more A new type of composite based on phthalonitrile resin reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) microparticles was prepared. For various weight ratios ranging between 0% and 20%, the effect of the micro-SiC particles on the mechanical and thermal properties has been studied. Results from thermal analysis revealed that the starting decomposition temperature and the residual weight were significantly improved upon add- ing the reinforcing phase. At the maximum micro-SiC loading, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed an important enhancement in both the storage modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg), reaching 3.1 GPa and 338 C, respectively. The flexural strength and modulus as well as the microhard- ness were significantly enhanced by adding the microfillers. Tensile test revealed enhancements in the composites toughness upon adding the microparticles. Polarization optical microscope (POM) and scan- ning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed that mechanical and thermal properties improve- ments are essentially attributed to the good dispersion and adhesion between the particles and the resin.
A new kind of nanocomposites based on phthalonitrile resin reinforced with silicon nitride (SiN)
... more A new kind of nanocomposites based on phthalonitrile resin reinforced with silicon nitride (SiN) nanoparticles was prepared by a hot compression molding technique. For different weight ratios ranging between 0% and 15%, the effect of nano-SiN particles on the thermal and thermomechanical properties has been studied. Results from thermal analysis revealed that the starting decomposition temperature and the residual weight at 800 1C were highly improved upon adding the reinforcing phase. At the maximum nano-SiN loading, dynamic mechanical analysis showed an enhancement in both storage modulus and glass transition temperature, reaching 4 GPa and 360 1C respectively. Scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed that these improvements are essentially attributed to the good dispersion and adhesion between the particles and the resin thanks to the particles treatment with silane coupling agent.
A novel tetraphenol fluorene, 2,7-dihydroxy-9,9-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene (THPF), was synthesiz... more A novel tetraphenol fluorene, 2,7-dihydroxy-9,9-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene (THPF), was synthesized via the condensation reaction of 2,7-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone and phenol in the presence of a strong acidic cation exchange resin and 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Thus, a novel tetrafunctional oxazine monomer containing benzoxazine and fluorene-oxazine (t-BF-b) was prepared for the first time using a Mannich condensation reaction of THPF with paraformaldehyde and n-butylamine. The chemical structures of THPF and t-BF-b were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The viscosity–temperature properties and the polymerization behavior of t-BF-b as well as the thermal and mechanical properties of its cured polymer (poly(t-BF-b)) were studied by rheometry, FTIR, 1 H NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results show that poly(t- BF-b) displays a lower melting point and wider processing window. The oxazine rings of fluorene- oxazine possess higher reactivity and lower polymerization temperature than those of benzoxazine. Also, its cured poly(t-BF-b) exhibits a higher glass transition temperature than its corresponding bifunctional polybenzoxazines without sacrificing any thermal properties in spite of the introduction of more flexible aliphatic groups into polymer chains.
A novel amino-containing fluorene-based bisphthalonitrile monomer, 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)-2,7-(3,4... more A novel amino-containing fluorene-based bisphthalonitrile monomer, 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)-2,7-(3,4- dicyanophenoxy)-fluorene (AFPN),was successfully synthesized via the nucleophilic displacement of the nitro-substituent from 4-nitrophthalonitrile. The structure of AFPN was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Its curing behavior and curing kinetics were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR techniques. Isoconversional method based on Starinkwas applied to analyze the curing process of AFPN. The thermal andmechanical properties of the cured product were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The AFPN showed a self-promoted curing behavior, whereas the introduction of the amino groups increased its curing rate and lowered its curing temperature. Additionally, its cured polymer showed an excellent thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, since its char yield reached 76.5% at 800 C in nitrogen and 83.4% at 600 C in air, respectively.
A new type of composite based on phthalonitrile resin reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) micro... more A new type of composite based on phthalonitrile resin reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) microparticles was prepared. For various weight ratios ranging between 0% and 20%, the effect of the micro-SiC particles on the mechanical and thermal properties has been studied. Results from thermal analysis revealed that the starting decomposition temperature and the residual weight were significantly improved upon add- ing the reinforcing phase. At the maximum micro-SiC loading, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed an important enhancement in both the storage modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg), reaching 3.1 GPa and 338 C, respectively. The flexural strength and modulus as well as the microhard- ness were significantly enhanced by adding the microfillers. Tensile test revealed enhancements in the composites toughness upon adding the microparticles. Polarization optical microscope (POM) and scan- ning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed that mechanical and thermal properties improve- ments are essentially attributed to the good dispersion and adhesion between the particles and the resin.
A new kind of nanocomposites based on phthalonitrile resin reinforced with silicon nitride (SiN)
... more A new kind of nanocomposites based on phthalonitrile resin reinforced with silicon nitride (SiN) nanoparticles was prepared by a hot compression molding technique. For different weight ratios ranging between 0% and 15%, the effect of nano-SiN particles on the thermal and thermomechanical properties has been studied. Results from thermal analysis revealed that the starting decomposition temperature and the residual weight at 800 1C were highly improved upon adding the reinforcing phase. At the maximum nano-SiN loading, dynamic mechanical analysis showed an enhancement in both storage modulus and glass transition temperature, reaching 4 GPa and 360 1C respectively. Scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed that these improvements are essentially attributed to the good dispersion and adhesion between the particles and the resin thanks to the particles treatment with silane coupling agent.
A novel tetraphenol fluorene, 2,7-dihydroxy-9,9-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene (THPF), was synthesiz... more A novel tetraphenol fluorene, 2,7-dihydroxy-9,9-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene (THPF), was synthesized via the condensation reaction of 2,7-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone and phenol in the presence of a strong acidic cation exchange resin and 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Thus, a novel tetrafunctional oxazine monomer containing benzoxazine and fluorene-oxazine (t-BF-b) was prepared for the first time using a Mannich condensation reaction of THPF with paraformaldehyde and n-butylamine. The chemical structures of THPF and t-BF-b were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The viscosity–temperature properties and the polymerization behavior of t-BF-b as well as the thermal and mechanical properties of its cured polymer (poly(t-BF-b)) were studied by rheometry, FTIR, 1 H NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results show that poly(t- BF-b) displays a lower melting point and wider processing window. The oxazine rings of fluorene- oxazine possess higher reactivity and lower polymerization temperature than those of benzoxazine. Also, its cured poly(t-BF-b) exhibits a higher glass transition temperature than its corresponding bifunctional polybenzoxazines without sacrificing any thermal properties in spite of the introduction of more flexible aliphatic groups into polymer chains.
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Papers by Noureddine Ramdani
dicyanophenoxy)-fluorene (AFPN),was successfully synthesized via the nucleophilic displacement of the
nitro-substituent from 4-nitrophthalonitrile. The structure of AFPN was confirmed by Fourier transform
infrared (FT-IR),
1
H and 13
C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Its curing behavior and curing kinetics
were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR techniques. Isoconversional
method based on Starinkwas applied to analyze the curing process of AFPN. The thermal andmechanical
properties of the cured product were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic
mechanical analysis (DMA). The AFPN showed a self-promoted curing behavior, whereas the
introduction of the amino groups increased its curing rate and lowered its curing temperature.
Additionally, its cured polymer showed an excellent thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, since its
char yield reached 76.5% at 800
C in nitrogen and 83.4% at 600
C in air, respectively.
was prepared. For various weight ratios ranging between 0% and 20%, the effect of the micro-SiC particles
on the mechanical and thermal properties has been studied. Results from thermal analysis revealed that
the starting decomposition temperature and the residual weight were significantly improved upon add-
ing the reinforcing phase. At the maximum micro-SiC loading, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)
showed an important enhancement in both the storage modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg),
reaching 3.1 GPa and 338 C, respectively. The flexural strength and modulus as well as the microhard-
ness were significantly enhanced by adding the microfillers. Tensile test revealed enhancements in the
composites toughness upon adding the microparticles. Polarization optical microscope (POM) and scan-
ning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed that mechanical and thermal properties improve-
ments are essentially attributed to the good dispersion and adhesion between the particles and the resin.
nanoparticles was prepared by a hot compression molding technique. For different weight ratios ranging
between 0% and 15%, the effect of nano-SiN particles on the thermal and thermomechanical properties
has been studied. Results from thermal analysis revealed that the starting decomposition temperature
and the residual weight at 800 1C were highly improved upon adding the reinforcing phase. At the
maximum nano-SiN loading, dynamic mechanical analysis showed an enhancement in both storage
modulus and glass transition temperature, reaching 4 GPa and 360 1C respectively. Scanning electron
microscope analysis confirmed that these improvements are essentially attributed to the good
dispersion and adhesion between the particles and the resin thanks to the particles treatment with
silane coupling agent.
fluorene and bisphenol A, and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyloxide and paraformaldehyde. And the cured polybenzoxazine
films derived from these copolymers were also obtained. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and hydro-
gen nuclear magnetic resonances confirmed the structure of these benzoxazines. Their molecular weight was
estimated by gel permeation chromatography. The curing behavior of the precursors was monitored by FTIR and
differential scanning calorimetry. Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis were performed to
study the thermal properties of the cured polymers. The cured polybenzoxazines exhibit excellent heat resistance
with glass transition temperatures (Tg) of 286–317°C, good thermal stability along with the values of 5% weight loss
temperatures (T5) over 340°C, and high char yield over 50% at 800°C. The mechanical properties of the cured
polymers were also measured by bending tests. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
via the condensation reaction of 2,7-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone and phenol in the presence of a strong
acidic cation exchange resin and 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Thus, a novel tetrafunctional oxazine
monomer containing benzoxazine and fluorene-oxazine (t-BF-b) was prepared for the first time using a
Mannich condensation reaction of THPF with paraformaldehyde and n-butylamine. The chemical
structures of THPF and t-BF-b were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
elemental analysis,
1
H and 13
C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The viscosity–temperature properties
and the polymerization behavior of t-BF-b as well as the thermal and mechanical properties of its cured
polymer (poly(t-BF-b)) were studied by rheometry, FTIR,
1
H NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results show that poly(t-
BF-b) displays a lower melting point and wider processing window. The oxazine rings of fluorene-
oxazine possess higher reactivity and lower polymerization temperature than those of benzoxazine. Also,
its cured poly(t-BF-b) exhibits a higher glass transition temperature than its corresponding bifunctional
polybenzoxazines without sacrificing any thermal properties in spite of the introduction of more flexible
aliphatic groups into polymer chains.
dicyanophenoxy)-fluorene (AFPN),was successfully synthesized via the nucleophilic displacement of the
nitro-substituent from 4-nitrophthalonitrile. The structure of AFPN was confirmed by Fourier transform
infrared (FT-IR),
1
H and 13
C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Its curing behavior and curing kinetics
were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR techniques. Isoconversional
method based on Starinkwas applied to analyze the curing process of AFPN. The thermal andmechanical
properties of the cured product were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic
mechanical analysis (DMA). The AFPN showed a self-promoted curing behavior, whereas the
introduction of the amino groups increased its curing rate and lowered its curing temperature.
Additionally, its cured polymer showed an excellent thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, since its
char yield reached 76.5% at 800
C in nitrogen and 83.4% at 600
C in air, respectively.
was prepared. For various weight ratios ranging between 0% and 20%, the effect of the micro-SiC particles
on the mechanical and thermal properties has been studied. Results from thermal analysis revealed that
the starting decomposition temperature and the residual weight were significantly improved upon add-
ing the reinforcing phase. At the maximum micro-SiC loading, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)
showed an important enhancement in both the storage modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg),
reaching 3.1 GPa and 338 C, respectively. The flexural strength and modulus as well as the microhard-
ness were significantly enhanced by adding the microfillers. Tensile test revealed enhancements in the
composites toughness upon adding the microparticles. Polarization optical microscope (POM) and scan-
ning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed that mechanical and thermal properties improve-
ments are essentially attributed to the good dispersion and adhesion between the particles and the resin.
nanoparticles was prepared by a hot compression molding technique. For different weight ratios ranging
between 0% and 15%, the effect of nano-SiN particles on the thermal and thermomechanical properties
has been studied. Results from thermal analysis revealed that the starting decomposition temperature
and the residual weight at 800 1C were highly improved upon adding the reinforcing phase. At the
maximum nano-SiN loading, dynamic mechanical analysis showed an enhancement in both storage
modulus and glass transition temperature, reaching 4 GPa and 360 1C respectively. Scanning electron
microscope analysis confirmed that these improvements are essentially attributed to the good
dispersion and adhesion between the particles and the resin thanks to the particles treatment with
silane coupling agent.
fluorene and bisphenol A, and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyloxide and paraformaldehyde. And the cured polybenzoxazine
films derived from these copolymers were also obtained. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and hydro-
gen nuclear magnetic resonances confirmed the structure of these benzoxazines. Their molecular weight was
estimated by gel permeation chromatography. The curing behavior of the precursors was monitored by FTIR and
differential scanning calorimetry. Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis were performed to
study the thermal properties of the cured polymers. The cured polybenzoxazines exhibit excellent heat resistance
with glass transition temperatures (Tg) of 286–317°C, good thermal stability along with the values of 5% weight loss
temperatures (T5) over 340°C, and high char yield over 50% at 800°C. The mechanical properties of the cured
polymers were also measured by bending tests. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
via the condensation reaction of 2,7-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone and phenol in the presence of a strong
acidic cation exchange resin and 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Thus, a novel tetrafunctional oxazine
monomer containing benzoxazine and fluorene-oxazine (t-BF-b) was prepared for the first time using a
Mannich condensation reaction of THPF with paraformaldehyde and n-butylamine. The chemical
structures of THPF and t-BF-b were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
elemental analysis,
1
H and 13
C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The viscosity–temperature properties
and the polymerization behavior of t-BF-b as well as the thermal and mechanical properties of its cured
polymer (poly(t-BF-b)) were studied by rheometry, FTIR,
1
H NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results show that poly(t-
BF-b) displays a lower melting point and wider processing window. The oxazine rings of fluorene-
oxazine possess higher reactivity and lower polymerization temperature than those of benzoxazine. Also,
its cured poly(t-BF-b) exhibits a higher glass transition temperature than its corresponding bifunctional
polybenzoxazines without sacrificing any thermal properties in spite of the introduction of more flexible
aliphatic groups into polymer chains.