The MACH–IV was investigated (N= 528) with item response theory to elucidate its psychometric pro... more The MACH–IV was investigated (N= 528) with item response theory to elucidate its psychometric properties and suggest a trimmed version, the MACH*. The core content of the MACH–IV seemed to be cynicism/misanthropy and the MACH* was formed from the 5 most informative and precise MACH–IV items. The MACH* showed good internal consistency and construct and criterion validity comparable to the MACH–IV.
People judge others on simplified trait structures when evaluating the Big Five, which is referre... more People judge others on simplified trait structures when evaluating the Big Five, which is referred to as implicit simplicity (IS: Beer & Watson, 2008). The present study investigated IS in minimally acquainted informal dyads. Hundred and eighty-six participants interacted for a short time on a task, and then provided self-and peer-ratings on the IASR-B5 (Trapnell & Wiggins, 1990). IS manifested in a global evaluative “halo-factor” with some accuracy and was related to perceivers' interpersonal attraction ratings and personality traits.
People scoring high on the Dark Triad traits narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy are be... more People scoring high on the Dark Triad traits narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy are believed to get ahead without getting along. The current work positions the Dark Triad into the interpersonal circumplex around Agency/Communion. Two studies (Ns= 184, 186) with self-and peer-ratings indicated that narcissism was inclined towards friendly-dominant, Machiavellianism towards hostile-submissive, and psychopathy towards hostile-dominant when using multiple regressions.
The current work investigates the perceived “darkness” of the Dark Triad traits narcissism, Machi... more The current work investigates the perceived “darkness” of the Dark Triad traits narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. We argue that a trait's “darkness” may be evaluated by lay persons with three criteria (desirability, consequences for the self, consequences for others) from two perspectives (others vs. self). A sample of n= 213 participants evaluated Dark Triad behaviors (Dirty Dozen:(Jonason, PK, & Webster, GD (2010). The Dirty Dozen: A concise measure of the Dark Triad.
View all references; Manz & Sims, 199144. Manz, CC and Sims, HP Jr. 1991. Superleadership: Beyond... more View all references; Manz & Sims, 199144. Manz, CC and Sims, HP Jr. 1991. Superleadership: Beyond the myth of heroic leadership. Organizational Dynamics , 19: 18–35. [CrossRef], [Web of Science ®] View all references; Pearce, 200752. Pearce, CL 2007. The future of leadership development: The importance of identity, multi-level approaches, self-leadership, physical fitness, shared leadership, networking, creativity, emotions, spirituality and on-boarding processes.
The construct of systems intelligence (SI) by Hämäläinen and Saarinen (2004, 2007, 2008) can be s... more The construct of systems intelligence (SI) by Hämäläinen and Saarinen (2004, 2007, 2008) can be seen as either an ability (Ability-SI) or a trait (Trait-SI). When studying SI as a trait, traditional psychological understanding of “personality”,“dispositions”,“traits”, and “states” might not be sufficient to grasp the dynamic and systemic character that the construct entails. Systems intelligent people exhibit intelligent action within complex and dynamic systems with feedback processes. Therefore, it is necessary to understand structures, processes, ...
Although nouns are easily learned in early stages of lexical development, their role in adul... more Although nouns are easily learned in early stages of lexical development, their role in adult word and text comprehension remains unexplored thus far. To investigate the role of different word classes (open-class words: nouns, adjectives, verbs; closed-class words: pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, etc.), 141 participants read a transposed German text while recording eye movements. Subsequently, participants indicated words they found difficult and reproduced the story. Then, participants were presented an untransposed text version while also tracking eye movements. Word difficulty, subjectively assessed by an interview and objectively by eye movement criteria (general fixation rate, number of fixations on specific words), text comprehension scores, and regressive fixations from one word class to another in the transposed text indicated that the noun was the most influential word class in enhancing the comprehension of other words. Developmental, intercultural, and neurophysiological aspects of noun dominance are discussed.
The MACH–IV was investigated (N= 528) with item response theory to elucidate its psychometric pro... more The MACH–IV was investigated (N= 528) with item response theory to elucidate its psychometric properties and suggest a trimmed version, the MACH*. The core content of the MACH–IV seemed to be cynicism/misanthropy and the MACH* was formed from the 5 most informative and precise MACH–IV items. The MACH* showed good internal consistency and construct and criterion validity comparable to the MACH–IV.
People judge others on simplified trait structures when evaluating the Big Five, which is referre... more People judge others on simplified trait structures when evaluating the Big Five, which is referred to as implicit simplicity (IS: Beer & Watson, 2008). The present study investigated IS in minimally acquainted informal dyads. Hundred and eighty-six participants interacted for a short time on a task, and then provided self-and peer-ratings on the IASR-B5 (Trapnell & Wiggins, 1990). IS manifested in a global evaluative “halo-factor” with some accuracy and was related to perceivers' interpersonal attraction ratings and personality traits.
People scoring high on the Dark Triad traits narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy are be... more People scoring high on the Dark Triad traits narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy are believed to get ahead without getting along. The current work positions the Dark Triad into the interpersonal circumplex around Agency/Communion. Two studies (Ns= 184, 186) with self-and peer-ratings indicated that narcissism was inclined towards friendly-dominant, Machiavellianism towards hostile-submissive, and psychopathy towards hostile-dominant when using multiple regressions.
The current work investigates the perceived “darkness” of the Dark Triad traits narcissism, Machi... more The current work investigates the perceived “darkness” of the Dark Triad traits narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. We argue that a trait's “darkness” may be evaluated by lay persons with three criteria (desirability, consequences for the self, consequences for others) from two perspectives (others vs. self). A sample of n= 213 participants evaluated Dark Triad behaviors (Dirty Dozen:(Jonason, PK, & Webster, GD (2010). The Dirty Dozen: A concise measure of the Dark Triad.
View all references; Manz & Sims, 199144. Manz, CC and Sims, HP Jr. 1991. Superleadership: Beyond... more View all references; Manz & Sims, 199144. Manz, CC and Sims, HP Jr. 1991. Superleadership: Beyond the myth of heroic leadership. Organizational Dynamics , 19: 18–35. [CrossRef], [Web of Science ®] View all references; Pearce, 200752. Pearce, CL 2007. The future of leadership development: The importance of identity, multi-level approaches, self-leadership, physical fitness, shared leadership, networking, creativity, emotions, spirituality and on-boarding processes.
The construct of systems intelligence (SI) by Hämäläinen and Saarinen (2004, 2007, 2008) can be s... more The construct of systems intelligence (SI) by Hämäläinen and Saarinen (2004, 2007, 2008) can be seen as either an ability (Ability-SI) or a trait (Trait-SI). When studying SI as a trait, traditional psychological understanding of “personality”,“dispositions”,“traits”, and “states” might not be sufficient to grasp the dynamic and systemic character that the construct entails. Systems intelligent people exhibit intelligent action within complex and dynamic systems with feedback processes. Therefore, it is necessary to understand structures, processes, ...
Although nouns are easily learned in early stages of lexical development, their role in adul... more Although nouns are easily learned in early stages of lexical development, their role in adult word and text comprehension remains unexplored thus far. To investigate the role of different word classes (open-class words: nouns, adjectives, verbs; closed-class words: pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, etc.), 141 participants read a transposed German text while recording eye movements. Subsequently, participants indicated words they found difficult and reproduced the story. Then, participants were presented an untransposed text version while also tracking eye movements. Word difficulty, subjectively assessed by an interview and objectively by eye movement criteria (general fixation rate, number of fixations on specific words), text comprehension scores, and regressive fixations from one word class to another in the transposed text indicated that the noun was the most influential word class in enhancing the comprehension of other words. Developmental, intercultural, and neurophysiological aspects of noun dominance are discussed.
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