Conspicuous trees and other perennial plants in smallholders’ farms have been acknowledged for th... more Conspicuous trees and other perennial plants in smallholders’ farms have been acknowledged for their biodiversity conservation values. Impacts of agroforestry practices, elevation gradients, wealth status on perennial plant composition, diversity, and structure were empirically assessed. Four agroforestry practices were considered, namely, dispersed trees in perennial crops, homesteads, boundary plantations, and woodlots. In all, 540 sample plots were randomly selected and surveyed. A total of 138 perennial plant species belongs to 113 genera and 62 families were identified and recorded. Of the species, 79% were trees, 18% shrubs, and 3% non-woody perennials. Also, 83% of identified plant species were native. A substantial proportion of the species (71%) were naturally regenerated. The highest native woody plant species were found in homesteads (75%) and the least in woodlots (15%). Dimensionality in species compositions across agroforestry practices was graphically displayed using none-metric multidimensional scaling and there were significant differences (p < 0.001). Species richness was significantly highest in homesteads (72.3 ± 3.5), while Shannon diversity (2.5 ± 0.2) in boundary plantation (p < 0.001). Middle altitude and rich households had harbored significantly the highest species richness, Shannon diversity index, and Simpson evenness index (p < 0.05). The general linear model showed the primary interactions of determinants had significantly positive effects on biodiversity values (p < 0.001). The study reveals agroforestry interventions should consider agroforestry practices, socioeconomic settings, elevation gradients, and interactions among them in favoring or disfavoring the growing of native perennial plant species on the agricultural landscape in the central highland of Ethiopia and beyond in the tropics.
Different botanicals were tested for their effect on enset root mealybugs’ mortality in the labor... more Different botanicals were tested for their effect on enset root mealybugs’ mortality in the laboratory and in pot experiments. Seed-water suspension of 10% Millettia ferruginea was toxic to enset root mealybugs. The dose-response bioassay of M. ferruginea was calculated to be LD50 = 40.39 mg/5 cm of soil. With the pot experiment, drenching the soil on which the infested young enset plants were planted with seed water suspensions of 10% M. ferruginea caused a higher level of mortality (66%) compared to the other botanicals and the untreated plants. On the other hand, two times applications of M. ferruginea improved its efficacy from 66% to 79%. However, M. ferruginea was inferior to the synthetic insecticide Diazinon 60% EC in the pot and dipping experiments. Drenching seed-water suspension of 10% M. ferruginea in to the root zone of infested enset plants in the field was found to be effective against the enset root mealybugs. Millettia trees are abundantly found in the area and seed...
Article Type: Full Length Research Article Field study was conducted to screen the efficacy of so... more Article Type: Full Length Research Article Field study was conducted to screen the efficacy of some selected chemical pesticides and to evaluate the economic benefit of the respective chemical control, in South Ethiopia. Experimental design of Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications were laid out. The treatments were Chlorpyrifos 20 Ec (Dipping), Diazinon 60 Ec (Dipping), Endosulfan 35 Ec [Foliaire (FA)], Carbofuran 3G [Soil Application (SA)], Malathion 5D [Dusting (D)], Chlorpyrifos (Dipping) + Endosulfan (FA), Chlorpyrifos (Dipping) + Malathion (D), Carbofuran (SA) + Endosulfan (FA), Carbofuran (SA) + Malathion (D) and Control. Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos dipping were significantly superior in reducing weevil population and level of infestation on both stem and tuber than other insecticides tested singly (P=0.05). The two insecticides increased the marketable tuber yield by 247 and 232% over the Control with a net profit of 4,622 and 4,458 birr/ha, respectively. ...
The effect of six commercially available insecticides was evaluated for the control of the enset ... more The effect of six commercially available insecticides was evaluated for the control of the enset root mealybug, Cataenococcus ensete (Williams and Matile-Ferrero) (Hemoptera: Pseudococcidae) under greenhouse and farmers’ field conditions. In the greenhouse study, pared and boiled water treated seedlings of E. ventricosum were planted in 10 L pots and infested at 2 months after planting with 25 thirdinstar C. ensete per plant. Each insecticide was diluted to a 1/500 concentration and applied at a rate of 660 ml of diluted solution per pot. In the farmers’ field study, the number of adult C. ensete before insecticide application was estimated by sampling a 20 × 20 × 20 cm soil volume at one side of the plant. Each plant was drenched with 1.7 L of diluted insecticide solution. The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in C. ensete mortality amongst the treatments. Diazinon 60% EC and Chlorpyrifos 48% EC caused at least 98% mortality both under field and greenhouse conditi...
More than 15-million Ethiopians depend upon enset for their food, fibre, animal forage, construct... more More than 15-million Ethiopians depend upon enset for their food, fibre, animal forage, construction materials and medicines. However, the sustainability of enset-based agriculture is threatened by a number of factors. The main biotic stresses are bacterial wilt, the enset root mealybug, nematodes, fungi and other vertebrate pests like mole-rats. Enset root mealybug, Cataenococcus ensete is a major pest of enset (Ensete ventricousm) in enset growing areas of southern Ethiopia. This paper reviews the recent body of work on integrated control measures for enset mealybug (Cataenococcus ensete). Its focus includes: biology and description of C. ensete; the pest’s behaviour within the enset plant; its geographical distribution; pest symptoms; mealybug dispersal methods and key means of mealybug management including prevention and cultural, biological and chemical control (including plant-extracts). The enset mealybug is difficult to control with insecticides, due to its cryptic nature, w...
The purpose of this study was to estimate biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in coffee b... more The purpose of this study was to estimate biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in coffee based Agroforestry and Cupressus lusitanica plantation. A total of 20 plots of 10 m x 10 m were established systematically in coffee based Agroforestry and Cupressus lusitanica plantation to sample soil and vegetation data. The biomass of shade tree, coffee shrubs and Cupressus lusitanica was estimated by previous allometric equations.Variation in biomass carbon and SOC between the two land use types were tested using analysis of variance. The average amount of biomass carbon stored in coffee based Agroforestry was 109.96 Mg C ha-1. The proportion of total aboveground biomass carbon to the total biomass carbon stock was averaged 61.67% for coffee based Agroforestry.The average total biomass carbon was 74.24 Mg C ha-1 in Cupressus lusitanica plantation. Coffee based Agroforestry had accounted more SOC than Cupressus lusitanica plantation in 0-40 cm soil depth. Our study concluded that coff...
The efficacy of Millettia ferruginea, Melia azedarach, Schinus molle and Tephrosia vogelii agains... more The efficacy of Millettia ferruginea, Melia azedarach, Schinus molle and Tephrosia vogelii against the sweet potato weevil, Cylas puncticollis (Boheman) was evaluated under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia. In the laboratory study, 10% w/v of seed water extract of Millettia ferruginea (Hochest) caused 100% adult weevil mortality within three days and was the best as compared to M. azedarach, S. molle and T. vogelii treatments. There was no significant difference between the synthetic insecticide, diazinon 60% EC, and M. ferruginea seed water extract. Under greenhouse conditions M. ferruginea at similar level of treatment reduced sweet potato weevils in sweet potato vines and tubers from the plots sprayed three times. The marketable tuber yields from the field experiment were 11.25, 6.65, 6.91 and 1.80 tonnes/ha for three and two times foliar application, three times drenching, and control, respectively. However, the insecticide diazinon 60% E...
Conspicuous trees and other perennial plants in smallholders’ farms have been acknowledged for th... more Conspicuous trees and other perennial plants in smallholders’ farms have been acknowledged for their biodiversity conservation values. Impacts of agroforestry practices, elevation gradients, wealth status on perennial plant composition, diversity, and structure were empirically assessed. Four agroforestry practices were considered, namely, dispersed trees in perennial crops, homesteads, boundary plantations, and woodlots. In all, 540 sample plots were randomly selected and surveyed. A total of 138 perennial plant species belongs to 113 genera and 62 families were identified and recorded. Of the species, 79% were trees, 18% shrubs, and 3% non-woody perennials. Also, 83% of identified plant species were native. A substantial proportion of the species (71%) were naturally regenerated. The highest native woody plant species were found in homesteads (75%) and the least in woodlots (15%). Dimensionality in species compositions across agroforestry practices was graphically displayed using none-metric multidimensional scaling and there were significant differences (p < 0.001). Species richness was significantly highest in homesteads (72.3 ± 3.5), while Shannon diversity (2.5 ± 0.2) in boundary plantation (p < 0.001). Middle altitude and rich households had harbored significantly the highest species richness, Shannon diversity index, and Simpson evenness index (p < 0.05). The general linear model showed the primary interactions of determinants had significantly positive effects on biodiversity values (p < 0.001). The study reveals agroforestry interventions should consider agroforestry practices, socioeconomic settings, elevation gradients, and interactions among them in favoring or disfavoring the growing of native perennial plant species on the agricultural landscape in the central highland of Ethiopia and beyond in the tropics.
Different botanicals were tested for their effect on enset root mealybugs’ mortality in the labor... more Different botanicals were tested for their effect on enset root mealybugs’ mortality in the laboratory and in pot experiments. Seed-water suspension of 10% Millettia ferruginea was toxic to enset root mealybugs. The dose-response bioassay of M. ferruginea was calculated to be LD50 = 40.39 mg/5 cm of soil. With the pot experiment, drenching the soil on which the infested young enset plants were planted with seed water suspensions of 10% M. ferruginea caused a higher level of mortality (66%) compared to the other botanicals and the untreated plants. On the other hand, two times applications of M. ferruginea improved its efficacy from 66% to 79%. However, M. ferruginea was inferior to the synthetic insecticide Diazinon 60% EC in the pot and dipping experiments. Drenching seed-water suspension of 10% M. ferruginea in to the root zone of infested enset plants in the field was found to be effective against the enset root mealybugs. Millettia trees are abundantly found in the area and seed...
Article Type: Full Length Research Article Field study was conducted to screen the efficacy of so... more Article Type: Full Length Research Article Field study was conducted to screen the efficacy of some selected chemical pesticides and to evaluate the economic benefit of the respective chemical control, in South Ethiopia. Experimental design of Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications were laid out. The treatments were Chlorpyrifos 20 Ec (Dipping), Diazinon 60 Ec (Dipping), Endosulfan 35 Ec [Foliaire (FA)], Carbofuran 3G [Soil Application (SA)], Malathion 5D [Dusting (D)], Chlorpyrifos (Dipping) + Endosulfan (FA), Chlorpyrifos (Dipping) + Malathion (D), Carbofuran (SA) + Endosulfan (FA), Carbofuran (SA) + Malathion (D) and Control. Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos dipping were significantly superior in reducing weevil population and level of infestation on both stem and tuber than other insecticides tested singly (P=0.05). The two insecticides increased the marketable tuber yield by 247 and 232% over the Control with a net profit of 4,622 and 4,458 birr/ha, respectively. ...
The effect of six commercially available insecticides was evaluated for the control of the enset ... more The effect of six commercially available insecticides was evaluated for the control of the enset root mealybug, Cataenococcus ensete (Williams and Matile-Ferrero) (Hemoptera: Pseudococcidae) under greenhouse and farmers’ field conditions. In the greenhouse study, pared and boiled water treated seedlings of E. ventricosum were planted in 10 L pots and infested at 2 months after planting with 25 thirdinstar C. ensete per plant. Each insecticide was diluted to a 1/500 concentration and applied at a rate of 660 ml of diluted solution per pot. In the farmers’ field study, the number of adult C. ensete before insecticide application was estimated by sampling a 20 × 20 × 20 cm soil volume at one side of the plant. Each plant was drenched with 1.7 L of diluted insecticide solution. The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in C. ensete mortality amongst the treatments. Diazinon 60% EC and Chlorpyrifos 48% EC caused at least 98% mortality both under field and greenhouse conditi...
More than 15-million Ethiopians depend upon enset for their food, fibre, animal forage, construct... more More than 15-million Ethiopians depend upon enset for their food, fibre, animal forage, construction materials and medicines. However, the sustainability of enset-based agriculture is threatened by a number of factors. The main biotic stresses are bacterial wilt, the enset root mealybug, nematodes, fungi and other vertebrate pests like mole-rats. Enset root mealybug, Cataenococcus ensete is a major pest of enset (Ensete ventricousm) in enset growing areas of southern Ethiopia. This paper reviews the recent body of work on integrated control measures for enset mealybug (Cataenococcus ensete). Its focus includes: biology and description of C. ensete; the pest’s behaviour within the enset plant; its geographical distribution; pest symptoms; mealybug dispersal methods and key means of mealybug management including prevention and cultural, biological and chemical control (including plant-extracts). The enset mealybug is difficult to control with insecticides, due to its cryptic nature, w...
The purpose of this study was to estimate biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in coffee b... more The purpose of this study was to estimate biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in coffee based Agroforestry and Cupressus lusitanica plantation. A total of 20 plots of 10 m x 10 m were established systematically in coffee based Agroforestry and Cupressus lusitanica plantation to sample soil and vegetation data. The biomass of shade tree, coffee shrubs and Cupressus lusitanica was estimated by previous allometric equations.Variation in biomass carbon and SOC between the two land use types were tested using analysis of variance. The average amount of biomass carbon stored in coffee based Agroforestry was 109.96 Mg C ha-1. The proportion of total aboveground biomass carbon to the total biomass carbon stock was averaged 61.67% for coffee based Agroforestry.The average total biomass carbon was 74.24 Mg C ha-1 in Cupressus lusitanica plantation. Coffee based Agroforestry had accounted more SOC than Cupressus lusitanica plantation in 0-40 cm soil depth. Our study concluded that coff...
The efficacy of Millettia ferruginea, Melia azedarach, Schinus molle and Tephrosia vogelii agains... more The efficacy of Millettia ferruginea, Melia azedarach, Schinus molle and Tephrosia vogelii against the sweet potato weevil, Cylas puncticollis (Boheman) was evaluated under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia. In the laboratory study, 10% w/v of seed water extract of Millettia ferruginea (Hochest) caused 100% adult weevil mortality within three days and was the best as compared to M. azedarach, S. molle and T. vogelii treatments. There was no significant difference between the synthetic insecticide, diazinon 60% EC, and M. ferruginea seed water extract. Under greenhouse conditions M. ferruginea at similar level of treatment reduced sweet potato weevils in sweet potato vines and tubers from the plots sprayed three times. The marketable tuber yields from the field experiment were 11.25, 6.65, 6.91 and 1.80 tonnes/ha for three and two times foliar application, three times drenching, and control, respectively. However, the insecticide diazinon 60% E...
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