„Botanika” változatai közötti eltérés

 

Az első magyar füveskönyvet [[Méliusz Juhász Péter]] (1532-1572) debreceni református lelkész adta ki ''Herbarium az füveknek nevekről, természetekről és hasznairól'' címmel. Könyve [[Adam Lonitzer]] Herbariumán alapult, és bár kiegészítette [[magyarország]]i növényekkel is, ő maga nem volt botanikus. [[Beythe István]] (1532–1612) 1583-ban összeírta a növények magyar és latin neveit és ''Stirpium nomenclator Pannonicus'' [[Németújvár]]on adta ki. Fia, a szintén református pap [[Beythe András]] (1564-1599) Melius könyvére alapozva szintén írt egy népszerű füveskönyvet.<ref>[http://kertlap.hu/magyar-fuveskonyvek-fuveszkonyvek/ Magyar füveskönyvek, füvészkönyvek]</ref>

 

[[Fájl:CarlvonLinne Garden.jpg|bélyeg|bal|Linné birtokának kertjében a rendszertan szerint voltak ültetve a növények]]

Az [[1960-as évek]] közepétől fény derült a [[növényélettan]] fizikájára, ismertté vált a [[Xilém|vízszállítás mechanizmusa]], a [[párologtatás]] [[hőmérséklet]]függése és a [[sztóma (botanika)|sztómákon]] keresztül történő vízpára- és szén-dioxid-diffúzó mikéntje.{{sfn|Jasechko|Sharp|Gibson|Birks|2013|pp = 347–350}}{{sfn|Nobel|1983|p = 608}} A [[Ronald Fisher]],{{sfn|Yates|Mather|1963|pp = 91–129}} [[Frank Yates]] és más kutatók által bevezetett statisztikai újítások a botanikában is átalakították a kísérlettervezést és a kapott adatok analízisét.{{sfn|Finney|1995|pp = 554–573}} 1948-ban [[Kenneth V. Thimann]] felfedezte az első növényi hormont, az [[Auxinok|auxint]], amellyel be lehetett avatkozni a növények fejlődésébe. [[Frederick Campion Steward]] kifejlesztette a hormonok által szabályozott növényi szövetkultúra módszerét.{{sfn|Cocking|1993}} A szintetikus auxin ([[2,4-dikloro-fenoxiecetsav]]) egyike volt az első kereskedelmi forgalomba kerülő szintetikus herbicideknek.{{sfn|Cousens|Mortimer|1995}}

 

 

== A növénytan jelentősége és ágazatai ==

=== Molekuláris genetika ===

[[Fájl:Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescencias.jpg|bélyeg|A [[lúdfű]] volt az első növény, amelynek teljes génsorrendje ismertté vált]]

 

Az ideális modellnövénynek kevés génje van, kicsi, könnyen termeszthető és rövid a generációs ideje. Bár ezeknek a feltételeknek nem mindenben felel meg, gazdasági jelentősége miatt sokat foglalkoztak a kukorica genetikájával és a rá jellemző C4-típusú fotoszintézissel.{{sfn|Russin|Evert|Vanderveer|Sharkey|1996|pp = 645–658}} A fotoszintézis és a kloroplasztiszok kutatásában nagy jelentőségre tett szert a ''[[Chlamydomonas reinhardtii]]'' egysejtű zöldalga {{sfn|Rochaix|Goldschmidt-Clermont|Merchant|1998|p = 550}} és a vörösmoszatokhoz tartozó ''[[Cyanidioschyzon merolae]]''.{{sfn|Glynn|Miyagishima|Yoder|Osteryoung|2007|pages = 451–461}} A növényi sejtműködés kutatásában visszatérő tesztnövények a [[spenót]],{{sfn|Possingham|Rose|1976|pp = 295–305}} a [[borsó]],{{sfn|Sun|Forouhar|Li|Tu|2002|pp = 95–100}} a [[Szójabab|szója]] vagy a ''[[Physcomitrella patens]]'' mohafaj.{{sfn|Heinhorst|Cannon|1993|pp = 1–9}}

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