This paper presents a new pattern language, PALM, for describing patterns in molecular biology se... more This paper presents a new pattern language, PALM, for describing patterns in molecular biology sequences. The language is intended for representing knowledge about such patterns in a declarative, clear and concise way. It is also shown that its expressive power enables the definition of any regular or context free language, and also higher languages in the Chomsky hierarchy by parameter attachment, variables and procedural attachment. It is also possible to define approximate patterns. The language is rigorously defined, and several examples of its use and expressive power are given.
2019 10th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom)
Recognition of facial expressions is a fundamental ability for developing social interaction in l... more Recognition of facial expressions is a fundamental ability for developing social interaction in life. Previous studies have shown that there is a developmental course of how emotion recognition is developed and may be dependent of the way in which is measured. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in identifying emotions and other cognitive abilities. Our study aims to investigate the development of facial recognition skills in individuals with ASD and typically developing children using cognitive infocommunication methodology. We have tested 51 children aged between 12 and 14 years, out of which 11 children with ASD. The results show that children with ASD process emotions in a different way compared to typically developing children and that the performance is dependent on the type of measurement.
While Virtual Reality (VR) has gained significant attention in different domains of health care a... more While Virtual Reality (VR) has gained significant attention in different domains of health care and promises benefits for managing vision disturbances, no bibliometric analysis focuses on its use in vision therapy. This study aims to analyze and visualize the scientific literature indexed in the Web of Science databases by visualizing bibliometric indicators illustrating publication trends from 2001. The findings provide a better understanding of the state-of-the-art of existing vision therapy research utilizing VR.
2021 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB), 2021
The rapid growth of eye-tracking technologies promises help for researchers to complement vision ... more The rapid growth of eye-tracking technologies promises help for researchers to complement vision screening. However, there is little or no research on bibliometrics and visualization on the use of eye-tracking technologies for this purpose. This study aims to analyze and visualize the published papers from the Web of Science databases. 499 references with the help of Bibliometrics and VOSviewer are examined. The results comprise the publications trends, keywords distribution, and enhancing the influential journals. These results can help stakeholders involved in vision screening, policymakers, and systematic review studies to understand better current trends for utilizing eye-tracking for vision screening research.
Introduction Vision problems affect academic performance, social and mental health. Most traditio... more Introduction Vision problems affect academic performance, social and mental health. Most traditional vision screening methods rely on human expert assessments based on a set of vision tests. As technology advances, new instruments and computerised tools are available for complementing vision screening. The scoping review based on this protocol aims to investigate current technologies for vision screening, what vision tests can be complemented by technologies, and how these can support vision screening by providing measurements. Methods and analysis The planned review will utilise the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) tool. Electronic search will be performed in databases, including Web of Science, MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, Engineering Village, Cochrane and Embase. We will perform a systematic search in selected reference databases without the limitation on publications dates, or country of studies. Reference management software, like EndNote and DistillerSR, will be us...
2020 11th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom), 2020
The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of children's vision care fr... more The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of children's vision care from the identification to treatment, with, in particular, a better understanding of the use of eye tracking (ET) technologies. While there are indications that these technologies can support vision care, a comprehensive understanding of the possibilities is lacking. Here, we review cross-disciplinary research on performing vision care, and identify current challenges for using and further developing ET technologies. To this end, we describe (1) the involved stakeholders, (2) screening possibilities at schools, and (3) how technology-supported vision screening is used today. Data come from a literature survey of peer-reviewed journal and conference articles, complemented by secondary sources from related projects and products. The focus is on literature after 2000, and in particular, on screening oculomotor dysfunctions (OMD), for school children. The results show that the contributions to state of the art from various research areas are fragmented, in particular regarding the communication between the necessary stakeholders influencing vision care, the handling of general and functional vision care, and between screening and treatment. Further development of ET technologies will likely depend on overcoming these fragmentations. A first step in this direction consists of providing a thorough description of stakeholders, their roles, and requirements enabling communication on children with vision problems.
Eye-tracking technologies (ETs) and serious games (SGs) have emerged as new methods promising bet... more Eye-tracking technologies (ETs) and serious games (SGs) have emerged as new methods promising better support for vision screening and training. Previous research has shown the practicality of eye-tracking technology for vision screening in health care, but there remains a need for studies showing that the effective utilization of SGs and ETs are beneficial for vision training. This study investigates the feasibility of SGs and ETs for vision training by designing, developing, and evaluating a prototype influenced by commercially available games, based on a battery of exercises previously defined by vision experts. Data were collected from five participants, including a vision teacher, through a user experience questionnaire (UEQ) following a mixed method. Data analysis of the UEQ results and interviews highlighted the current challenges and positive attitudes in using SGs and ET for vision training. In conjunction with UEQ indicators such as attractiveness and perspicuity, the stimu...
Visually demanding tasks such as reading, writing or playing, depend on our ability to maintain a... more Visually demanding tasks such as reading, writing or playing, depend on our ability to maintain accurate and steady eye movements and coordinate the muscles controlling our eyes. Problems in our eye-muscle coordination, oculomotor dysfunctions (OMD) are common visual disturbances and can be trained to be better. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how a software program (C&Look), based on affordable eye-tracking (ET) technology, is constructed and can be used to help the existing detection methods. The results present the development of C&Look and discuss how it can supplement manual testing. By discussing the advantages and limitations of C&Look, the paper contributes to a better understanding of supplementing current detection methods for OMDs.
2019 10th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom)
The demo describes a mobile application called ELISA made for the new info-communication purpose ... more The demo describes a mobile application called ELISA made for the new info-communication purpose of supporting prospective parents, that helps planning activities following the recognition of pregnancy. The key features of the application are focusing on the identification and sharing of the relevant data between both prospective parents, healthcare institutes, and supporting social groups. The prototype of the application has been worked out to implement key features along with the planning of the critical tasks concerning the pregnancy.
2019 10th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom)
The continuous visual tracking of activity performed in perception and action activities requires... more The continuous visual tracking of activity performed in perception and action activities requires continuous eye motion. The visual computer monitoring, recording and evaluation of human motion provides many opportunities in the development of human-computer interfaces. In most activities performed by humans, eye-hand coordination plays a significant role. From the eye-hand coordination aspect, the fixation’s direction is an essential factor, since before touching an object, the look is aimed at the object to be touched for a longer period. In this paper, the fixation playing a major role in eye-hand coordination is being analyzed during the Trail Making Test. The test primarily aims to measure visual searching or scanning, visual-spatial sequencing; however, the eye-hand coordination’s speed plays a key role in the quick and accurate execution of the test. During the test, eye motion parameters were recorded and determined, where further analyses make certain human cognitive factors indirectly able to be analyzed.
2019 10th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom), 2019
The aim of this research is to propose an integrated platform for assessing visual attention in s... more The aim of this research is to propose an integrated platform for assessing visual attention in school- aged children. Due to several challenges in the use of standard psychological tests, technology-based instruments can represent a future opportunity for increasing accuracy in the psychological evaluations. The use of GP3 Eye Tracker together with OGAMA application can help to identify children that are at risk of developing learning or attention problems. By developing an integrated platform we will be able to accurately assess their visual attention skills, interpret accurately the data and predict their reading abilities.
Studies in health technology and informatics, 2018
Life is changing after recognizing a pregnancy. Then the future parents, who are often healthy in... more Life is changing after recognizing a pregnancy. Then the future parents, who are often healthy individuals, need to change their lifestyles, meet different healthcare institutions, follow new rules, and reschedule their everyday activities. This paper illustrates the design and development of a novel mobile application supporting future parents in planning their activities after recognizing the pregnancy. The focus is on identifying and sharing relevant data between future-parents, healthcare institutions, and the supporting social groups. First, the design and development of the application are sketched, and then we present early evaluation results with major stakeholders: future parents and responsible actors from healthcare institutions, based on data from interviews. The results contribute to increased understanding of developing mobile applications for future parents, considering temporal, situation dependent needs during the pregnancy process, but also after having given birth...
2019 10th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom), 2019
Eye-tracking is a widely used method to examine the hidden cognitive processes. In this paper a p... more Eye-tracking is a widely used method to examine the hidden cognitive processes. In this paper a program source code debugging process is examined by eye-tracking method. A computer based analysis was elaborated to test the debug process and record the main parameters of eye movement. During the test, two typical groups were established, in case of first group, many minor changes and frequent translation and running, while for the second one a more detailed interpretation and less translation and running were specific. In the case of both groups’ the task solution’s features were evaluated. According to the results the efficiency and solution time as well as the attention map were different for the two groups.
The importance of promoting interdisciplinary educations is recognized, however, initiating colla... more The importance of promoting interdisciplinary educations is recognized, however, initiating collaborative interdisciplinary educational projectsis challenging. In this paper,we will present the Digital HealthLab(DHLab),an educational module thatintend to define systematic support for students who wished to work with interdisciplinary projects in their bachelor or master thesis. The students were from computing and from health and social care, and their projects influenced byissues regarding technology development and use. By presenting DHLab, we aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of initiating interdisciplinary education at universities. Data was collectedduring the initiation and evaluation of DHLab from observations and group interviews. The DHLabwas an optional, yearly educational module. We will illustrate lessons learned, and challenges and benefits with the module. Our experiences are important to highlight since there are limited knowledge on starting and running int...
2019 10th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom)
Most of our daily activities are dependent on our eyes. Having oculomotor dysfunctions, i.e. prob... more Most of our daily activities are dependent on our eyes. Having oculomotor dysfunctions, i.e. problems with coordinating the muscles around each eye, means it will become difficult to focus both eyes at the same point. While a large percentage of the population may suffer from some oculomotor dysfunction, the detection of these problems is difficult and resource demanding. There are great promises from technologies supporting human experts in the detection of oculomotor problems. This paper compares the use of two different eye-tracking technologies supporting the identification of oculomotor problems. It examines the use of a portable and affordable laptop-based eye tracker (EyeX) with a more expensive eye tracker (TX300) significantly heavier. The data were collected from screening a class of 39 children in a 3rd grade. The results show the applicability of low-cost eye-trackers for recognizing oculomotor problems and discuss the benefits and limitations of the used eye-trackers as support for manual screening by experts.
This paper presents a new pattern language, PALM, for describing patterns in molecular biology se... more This paper presents a new pattern language, PALM, for describing patterns in molecular biology sequences. The language is intended for representing knowledge about such patterns in a declarative, clear and concise way. It is also shown that its expressive power enables the definition of any regular or context free language, and also higher languages in the Chomsky hierarchy by parameter attachment, variables and procedural attachment. It is also possible to define approximate patterns. The language is rigorously defined, and several examples of its use and expressive power are given.
2019 10th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom)
Recognition of facial expressions is a fundamental ability for developing social interaction in l... more Recognition of facial expressions is a fundamental ability for developing social interaction in life. Previous studies have shown that there is a developmental course of how emotion recognition is developed and may be dependent of the way in which is measured. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in identifying emotions and other cognitive abilities. Our study aims to investigate the development of facial recognition skills in individuals with ASD and typically developing children using cognitive infocommunication methodology. We have tested 51 children aged between 12 and 14 years, out of which 11 children with ASD. The results show that children with ASD process emotions in a different way compared to typically developing children and that the performance is dependent on the type of measurement.
While Virtual Reality (VR) has gained significant attention in different domains of health care a... more While Virtual Reality (VR) has gained significant attention in different domains of health care and promises benefits for managing vision disturbances, no bibliometric analysis focuses on its use in vision therapy. This study aims to analyze and visualize the scientific literature indexed in the Web of Science databases by visualizing bibliometric indicators illustrating publication trends from 2001. The findings provide a better understanding of the state-of-the-art of existing vision therapy research utilizing VR.
2021 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB), 2021
The rapid growth of eye-tracking technologies promises help for researchers to complement vision ... more The rapid growth of eye-tracking technologies promises help for researchers to complement vision screening. However, there is little or no research on bibliometrics and visualization on the use of eye-tracking technologies for this purpose. This study aims to analyze and visualize the published papers from the Web of Science databases. 499 references with the help of Bibliometrics and VOSviewer are examined. The results comprise the publications trends, keywords distribution, and enhancing the influential journals. These results can help stakeholders involved in vision screening, policymakers, and systematic review studies to understand better current trends for utilizing eye-tracking for vision screening research.
Introduction Vision problems affect academic performance, social and mental health. Most traditio... more Introduction Vision problems affect academic performance, social and mental health. Most traditional vision screening methods rely on human expert assessments based on a set of vision tests. As technology advances, new instruments and computerised tools are available for complementing vision screening. The scoping review based on this protocol aims to investigate current technologies for vision screening, what vision tests can be complemented by technologies, and how these can support vision screening by providing measurements. Methods and analysis The planned review will utilise the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) tool. Electronic search will be performed in databases, including Web of Science, MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, Engineering Village, Cochrane and Embase. We will perform a systematic search in selected reference databases without the limitation on publications dates, or country of studies. Reference management software, like EndNote and DistillerSR, will be us...
2020 11th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom), 2020
The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of children's vision care fr... more The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of children's vision care from the identification to treatment, with, in particular, a better understanding of the use of eye tracking (ET) technologies. While there are indications that these technologies can support vision care, a comprehensive understanding of the possibilities is lacking. Here, we review cross-disciplinary research on performing vision care, and identify current challenges for using and further developing ET technologies. To this end, we describe (1) the involved stakeholders, (2) screening possibilities at schools, and (3) how technology-supported vision screening is used today. Data come from a literature survey of peer-reviewed journal and conference articles, complemented by secondary sources from related projects and products. The focus is on literature after 2000, and in particular, on screening oculomotor dysfunctions (OMD), for school children. The results show that the contributions to state of the art from various research areas are fragmented, in particular regarding the communication between the necessary stakeholders influencing vision care, the handling of general and functional vision care, and between screening and treatment. Further development of ET technologies will likely depend on overcoming these fragmentations. A first step in this direction consists of providing a thorough description of stakeholders, their roles, and requirements enabling communication on children with vision problems.
Eye-tracking technologies (ETs) and serious games (SGs) have emerged as new methods promising bet... more Eye-tracking technologies (ETs) and serious games (SGs) have emerged as new methods promising better support for vision screening and training. Previous research has shown the practicality of eye-tracking technology for vision screening in health care, but there remains a need for studies showing that the effective utilization of SGs and ETs are beneficial for vision training. This study investigates the feasibility of SGs and ETs for vision training by designing, developing, and evaluating a prototype influenced by commercially available games, based on a battery of exercises previously defined by vision experts. Data were collected from five participants, including a vision teacher, through a user experience questionnaire (UEQ) following a mixed method. Data analysis of the UEQ results and interviews highlighted the current challenges and positive attitudes in using SGs and ET for vision training. In conjunction with UEQ indicators such as attractiveness and perspicuity, the stimu...
Visually demanding tasks such as reading, writing or playing, depend on our ability to maintain a... more Visually demanding tasks such as reading, writing or playing, depend on our ability to maintain accurate and steady eye movements and coordinate the muscles controlling our eyes. Problems in our eye-muscle coordination, oculomotor dysfunctions (OMD) are common visual disturbances and can be trained to be better. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how a software program (C&Look), based on affordable eye-tracking (ET) technology, is constructed and can be used to help the existing detection methods. The results present the development of C&Look and discuss how it can supplement manual testing. By discussing the advantages and limitations of C&Look, the paper contributes to a better understanding of supplementing current detection methods for OMDs.
2019 10th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom)
The demo describes a mobile application called ELISA made for the new info-communication purpose ... more The demo describes a mobile application called ELISA made for the new info-communication purpose of supporting prospective parents, that helps planning activities following the recognition of pregnancy. The key features of the application are focusing on the identification and sharing of the relevant data between both prospective parents, healthcare institutes, and supporting social groups. The prototype of the application has been worked out to implement key features along with the planning of the critical tasks concerning the pregnancy.
2019 10th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom)
The continuous visual tracking of activity performed in perception and action activities requires... more The continuous visual tracking of activity performed in perception and action activities requires continuous eye motion. The visual computer monitoring, recording and evaluation of human motion provides many opportunities in the development of human-computer interfaces. In most activities performed by humans, eye-hand coordination plays a significant role. From the eye-hand coordination aspect, the fixation’s direction is an essential factor, since before touching an object, the look is aimed at the object to be touched for a longer period. In this paper, the fixation playing a major role in eye-hand coordination is being analyzed during the Trail Making Test. The test primarily aims to measure visual searching or scanning, visual-spatial sequencing; however, the eye-hand coordination’s speed plays a key role in the quick and accurate execution of the test. During the test, eye motion parameters were recorded and determined, where further analyses make certain human cognitive factors indirectly able to be analyzed.
2019 10th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom), 2019
The aim of this research is to propose an integrated platform for assessing visual attention in s... more The aim of this research is to propose an integrated platform for assessing visual attention in school- aged children. Due to several challenges in the use of standard psychological tests, technology-based instruments can represent a future opportunity for increasing accuracy in the psychological evaluations. The use of GP3 Eye Tracker together with OGAMA application can help to identify children that are at risk of developing learning or attention problems. By developing an integrated platform we will be able to accurately assess their visual attention skills, interpret accurately the data and predict their reading abilities.
Studies in health technology and informatics, 2018
Life is changing after recognizing a pregnancy. Then the future parents, who are often healthy in... more Life is changing after recognizing a pregnancy. Then the future parents, who are often healthy individuals, need to change their lifestyles, meet different healthcare institutions, follow new rules, and reschedule their everyday activities. This paper illustrates the design and development of a novel mobile application supporting future parents in planning their activities after recognizing the pregnancy. The focus is on identifying and sharing relevant data between future-parents, healthcare institutions, and the supporting social groups. First, the design and development of the application are sketched, and then we present early evaluation results with major stakeholders: future parents and responsible actors from healthcare institutions, based on data from interviews. The results contribute to increased understanding of developing mobile applications for future parents, considering temporal, situation dependent needs during the pregnancy process, but also after having given birth...
2019 10th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom), 2019
Eye-tracking is a widely used method to examine the hidden cognitive processes. In this paper a p... more Eye-tracking is a widely used method to examine the hidden cognitive processes. In this paper a program source code debugging process is examined by eye-tracking method. A computer based analysis was elaborated to test the debug process and record the main parameters of eye movement. During the test, two typical groups were established, in case of first group, many minor changes and frequent translation and running, while for the second one a more detailed interpretation and less translation and running were specific. In the case of both groups’ the task solution’s features were evaluated. According to the results the efficiency and solution time as well as the attention map were different for the two groups.
The importance of promoting interdisciplinary educations is recognized, however, initiating colla... more The importance of promoting interdisciplinary educations is recognized, however, initiating collaborative interdisciplinary educational projectsis challenging. In this paper,we will present the Digital HealthLab(DHLab),an educational module thatintend to define systematic support for students who wished to work with interdisciplinary projects in their bachelor or master thesis. The students were from computing and from health and social care, and their projects influenced byissues regarding technology development and use. By presenting DHLab, we aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of initiating interdisciplinary education at universities. Data was collectedduring the initiation and evaluation of DHLab from observations and group interviews. The DHLabwas an optional, yearly educational module. We will illustrate lessons learned, and challenges and benefits with the module. Our experiences are important to highlight since there are limited knowledge on starting and running int...
2019 10th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom)
Most of our daily activities are dependent on our eyes. Having oculomotor dysfunctions, i.e. prob... more Most of our daily activities are dependent on our eyes. Having oculomotor dysfunctions, i.e. problems with coordinating the muscles around each eye, means it will become difficult to focus both eyes at the same point. While a large percentage of the population may suffer from some oculomotor dysfunction, the detection of these problems is difficult and resource demanding. There are great promises from technologies supporting human experts in the detection of oculomotor problems. This paper compares the use of two different eye-tracking technologies supporting the identification of oculomotor problems. It examines the use of a portable and affordable laptop-based eye tracker (EyeX) with a more expensive eye tracker (TX300) significantly heavier. The data were collected from screening a class of 39 children in a 3rd grade. The results show the applicability of low-cost eye-trackers for recognizing oculomotor problems and discuss the benefits and limitations of the used eye-trackers as support for manual screening by experts.
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Papers by Carsten Helgesen