Archaeologist and cultural heritage professional with a research background in Roman frontiers and a professional background in developing partnerships to ensure best practice and the use of evidence-based data in enhancing understanding of our past. I work in Strategy, Policy, creative responses and the positive impact of heritage on society.
This report describes the outcomes from an application of the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) f... more This report describes the outcomes from an application of the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) for the St Kilda WH property, the first application undertaken anywhere in the world for a mixed heritage property (i.e., recognised for both natural and cultural values). The CVI is a methodology to rapidly assess the vulnerability of natural and cultural WH properties. It systematically evaluates the realised and potential impacts upon the values that collectively comprise the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the property, as well as the consequent impacts upon the economic, social and cultural (ESC) elements of the associated community.
The Roman army in Britain left an archaeological legacy that is the envy of the rest of the Roman... more The Roman army in Britain left an archaeological legacy that is the envy of the rest of the Roman world. The forts, fortresses and frontier defences are rightly celebrated, but less well known are the temporary camps. These were constructed to house the army for short periods of time while on campaigns. Scotland contains a wealth of Roman camps and this book is a companion volume to earlier publications of camps in England and Wales. The book is illustrated throughout with plans, maps and photographs, and will be of interest to all those who wish to know more about the archaeology of the Roman army.
Winner - Book of the Year at the Current Archaeology Awards, 2013.
The Roman Empire was one of ... more Winner - Book of the Year at the Current Archaeology Awards, 2013. The Roman Empire was one of the greatest of the ancient world, and expanding and maintaining that Empire required military might. While considerable research has been undertaken on Roman frontiers, fortresses and forts, Roman camps, the subject of this book, are one of the bridesmaids of the study of the fortifications of the Roman army. Although basic and only occupied for a short period, a number of camp sites have survived the ravages of time to tell us something of the movements and activities of the Roman army. They have now been recorded the length and breadth of the Roman Empire, but the area with the largest number of recognised camps is that of the island of Britain, with nearly 500 now known. Rebecca Jones commences this fascinating study with a general overview of the Roman conquest of Britain and an explanation of what Roman camps were used for and looked like. The focus then moves on to the archaeology of Roman camps in Britain, exploring how we know what we know and looking at the re-use and survival of these structures. Recent excavation and survey work is considered, as well as the distribution of camps and how our archaeological understanding can help interpret their chronology and context.
A History of the Congress of Roman Frontier Studies 1949-2022, 2022
This volume celebrates the twenty-fifth Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. It presents the histo... more This volume celebrates the twenty-fifth Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. It presents the history of the congress accompanied by photographs and reminiscences from participants, a story populated by many of the well-known archaeologists of the last 75 years and, indeed, earlier as the genesis of the Congress lies in the inter-War years. In 1949, in the aftermath of a devastating war, Eric Birley organised the First Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. His aim was not only to pursue the study of Roman frontiers but also to take a step towards restoring harmony in international relations within this field of research. The pattern was set early on: the exchange of information, networking and friendship. These three elements remain at the core of the approach of those organising and attending the Congress. They are reinforced by the pattern of the meetings, usually held every three years. The programme includes not only lectures but also visits to the local Roman military sites led by appropriate specialists.
Over the 73 years since the First Congress, membership has grown enormously with more lecture theatres and more coaches being required every meeting. This publication marks the twenty-fifth Congress at Nijmegen in the Netherlands, a city well known to Roman frontier archaeologists and early medieval scholars alike. It aims to help newer members understand the body they have joined; for those who have been attending for longer, it will be a reminder of friendships made and strengthened; for all, the book hopes to be a spur to continuing investigations and research into Rome’s greatest monument, its frontiers; for the moment of publication, it will be a celebration of the twenty-fifth Congress of Roman Frontier Studies.
This volume celebrates the twenty-fifth Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. It presents the histo... more This volume celebrates the twenty-fifth Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. It presents the history of the congress accompanied by photographs and reminiscences from participants, a story populated by many of the well-known archaeologists of the last 75 years and, indeed, earlier as the genesis of the Congress lies in the inter-War years. In 1949, in the aftermath of a devastating war, Eric Birley organised the First Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. His aim was not only to pursue the study of Roman frontiers but also to take a step towards restoring harmony in international relations within this field of research. The pattern was set early on: the exchange of information, networking and friendship. These three elements remain at the core of the approach of those organising and attending the Congress. They are reinforced by the pattern of the meetings, usually held every three years. The programme includes not only lectures but also visits to the local Roman military sites led by appropriate specialists. Over the 73 years since the First Congress, membership has grown enormously with more lecture theatres and more coaches being required every meeting. This publication marks the twenty-fifth Congress at Nijmegen in the Netherlands, a city well known to Roman frontier archaeologists and early medieval scholars alike. It aims to help newer members understand the body they have joined; for those who have been attending for longer, it will be a reminder of friendships made and strengthened; for all, the book hopes to be a spur to continuing investigations and research into Rome’s greatest monument, its frontiers; for the moment of publication, it will be a celebration of the twenty-fifth Congress of Roman Frontier Studies.
This chapter charts the creation and development of the serial transnational World Heritage Site ... more This chapter charts the creation and development of the serial transnational World Heritage Site across different sections of the Roman imperial frontier. It falls into three parts: (a) the development of the original concept for the transnational Frontiers of the Roman Empire (FRE) World Heritage Site to its creation in 2005 and subsequent development; (b) the wider context of serial transnational Sites within World Heritage; and (c) the issues relating to the management of the FRE World Heritage Site as it exists at present.
Sketch-Bridging the Past and Present to Craft the Future: Reflecting on the Archaeologies and Heritages of Roman Scotland Through Creative Storytelling. Epoiesen: A Journal for Creative Engagement in History and Archaeology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/epoiesen/2023.2, 2023
AVAILABLE OPEN ACCESS: https://epoiesen.carleton.ca/2023/11/17/sketchbridgingromanscotland/
Technical report on the results of a workshop applying the CVI to the Edinburgh World Heritage pr... more Technical report on the results of a workshop applying the CVI to the Edinburgh World Heritage property in May-June 2021
Scotland's World Heritage and Climate Change, 2023
"… climate change has become one of the most signifcant and fastest growing threats to people and... more "… climate change has become one of the most signifcant and fastest growing threats to people and their heritage worldwide …" ICOMOS, 2017 "Climate change is fast becoming one of the most signifcant risks for World Heritage sites worldwide … direct and indirect impacts of climate change may present a threat to their Outstanding Universal Value, integrity and authenticity" Markham et al 2016, UNESCO report: World Heritage & Tourism in a Changing Climate CLIMATE VULNERABILITY INDEX Key climate stressors were identifed for each of the four properties in Scotland and used in assessing the OUV and Community Vulnerability on a trafc-light scale (Low/Moderate/High).
Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) Assessment for the Antonine Wall, 2023
A report on the application of the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) to the Antonine Wall in Scot... more A report on the application of the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) to the Antonine Wall in Scotland (a component part of the Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage property).
Limes XIX. Proceedings of the XIXth International Congress of ROman Frontier Studies held in Pecs, Hungary, September 2003, 2005
This paper discusses and summarises the information available for the temporary camps on the Fort... more This paper discusses and summarises the information available for the temporary camps on the Forth-Clyde isthmus. Aerial photographic information has been re-appraised and supplemented with evidence from recent excavations to suggest a modification to the construction 'groups' proposed in Hanson & Maxwell's Rome's North West Frontier: The Antonine Wall (1983).
The archaeological discoveries of Captain (later General) Robert Melville in 1754, the Roman camp... more The archaeological discoveries of Captain (later General) Robert Melville in 1754, the Roman camps of Campmuir, Lintrose; Kirkbuddo; Battledykes, Oathlaw; and Keithock. All were later planned by William Roy. Jones, R H and Maxwell, G S 2008 ‘A Horseman Riding by: Archaeological Discovery in 1754’ Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 14, 1-8.
This paper outlines the history of the Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site and the ... more This paper outlines the history of the Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site and the challenges of management of this international site and the protection of individual sites as well as the whole. The integration of portable objects (inscriptions and artefacts) is discussed, given that these are exempt from the World Heritage classification. Finally, a vision for the future of the World Heritage Site is presented.
This report describes the outcomes from an application of the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) f... more This report describes the outcomes from an application of the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) for the St Kilda WH property, the first application undertaken anywhere in the world for a mixed heritage property (i.e., recognised for both natural and cultural values). The CVI is a methodology to rapidly assess the vulnerability of natural and cultural WH properties. It systematically evaluates the realised and potential impacts upon the values that collectively comprise the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the property, as well as the consequent impacts upon the economic, social and cultural (ESC) elements of the associated community.
The Roman army in Britain left an archaeological legacy that is the envy of the rest of the Roman... more The Roman army in Britain left an archaeological legacy that is the envy of the rest of the Roman world. The forts, fortresses and frontier defences are rightly celebrated, but less well known are the temporary camps. These were constructed to house the army for short periods of time while on campaigns. Scotland contains a wealth of Roman camps and this book is a companion volume to earlier publications of camps in England and Wales. The book is illustrated throughout with plans, maps and photographs, and will be of interest to all those who wish to know more about the archaeology of the Roman army.
Winner - Book of the Year at the Current Archaeology Awards, 2013.
The Roman Empire was one of ... more Winner - Book of the Year at the Current Archaeology Awards, 2013. The Roman Empire was one of the greatest of the ancient world, and expanding and maintaining that Empire required military might. While considerable research has been undertaken on Roman frontiers, fortresses and forts, Roman camps, the subject of this book, are one of the bridesmaids of the study of the fortifications of the Roman army. Although basic and only occupied for a short period, a number of camp sites have survived the ravages of time to tell us something of the movements and activities of the Roman army. They have now been recorded the length and breadth of the Roman Empire, but the area with the largest number of recognised camps is that of the island of Britain, with nearly 500 now known. Rebecca Jones commences this fascinating study with a general overview of the Roman conquest of Britain and an explanation of what Roman camps were used for and looked like. The focus then moves on to the archaeology of Roman camps in Britain, exploring how we know what we know and looking at the re-use and survival of these structures. Recent excavation and survey work is considered, as well as the distribution of camps and how our archaeological understanding can help interpret their chronology and context.
A History of the Congress of Roman Frontier Studies 1949-2022, 2022
This volume celebrates the twenty-fifth Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. It presents the histo... more This volume celebrates the twenty-fifth Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. It presents the history of the congress accompanied by photographs and reminiscences from participants, a story populated by many of the well-known archaeologists of the last 75 years and, indeed, earlier as the genesis of the Congress lies in the inter-War years. In 1949, in the aftermath of a devastating war, Eric Birley organised the First Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. His aim was not only to pursue the study of Roman frontiers but also to take a step towards restoring harmony in international relations within this field of research. The pattern was set early on: the exchange of information, networking and friendship. These three elements remain at the core of the approach of those organising and attending the Congress. They are reinforced by the pattern of the meetings, usually held every three years. The programme includes not only lectures but also visits to the local Roman military sites led by appropriate specialists.
Over the 73 years since the First Congress, membership has grown enormously with more lecture theatres and more coaches being required every meeting. This publication marks the twenty-fifth Congress at Nijmegen in the Netherlands, a city well known to Roman frontier archaeologists and early medieval scholars alike. It aims to help newer members understand the body they have joined; for those who have been attending for longer, it will be a reminder of friendships made and strengthened; for all, the book hopes to be a spur to continuing investigations and research into Rome’s greatest monument, its frontiers; for the moment of publication, it will be a celebration of the twenty-fifth Congress of Roman Frontier Studies.
This volume celebrates the twenty-fifth Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. It presents the histo... more This volume celebrates the twenty-fifth Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. It presents the history of the congress accompanied by photographs and reminiscences from participants, a story populated by many of the well-known archaeologists of the last 75 years and, indeed, earlier as the genesis of the Congress lies in the inter-War years. In 1949, in the aftermath of a devastating war, Eric Birley organised the First Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. His aim was not only to pursue the study of Roman frontiers but also to take a step towards restoring harmony in international relations within this field of research. The pattern was set early on: the exchange of information, networking and friendship. These three elements remain at the core of the approach of those organising and attending the Congress. They are reinforced by the pattern of the meetings, usually held every three years. The programme includes not only lectures but also visits to the local Roman military sites led by appropriate specialists. Over the 73 years since the First Congress, membership has grown enormously with more lecture theatres and more coaches being required every meeting. This publication marks the twenty-fifth Congress at Nijmegen in the Netherlands, a city well known to Roman frontier archaeologists and early medieval scholars alike. It aims to help newer members understand the body they have joined; for those who have been attending for longer, it will be a reminder of friendships made and strengthened; for all, the book hopes to be a spur to continuing investigations and research into Rome’s greatest monument, its frontiers; for the moment of publication, it will be a celebration of the twenty-fifth Congress of Roman Frontier Studies.
This chapter charts the creation and development of the serial transnational World Heritage Site ... more This chapter charts the creation and development of the serial transnational World Heritage Site across different sections of the Roman imperial frontier. It falls into three parts: (a) the development of the original concept for the transnational Frontiers of the Roman Empire (FRE) World Heritage Site to its creation in 2005 and subsequent development; (b) the wider context of serial transnational Sites within World Heritage; and (c) the issues relating to the management of the FRE World Heritage Site as it exists at present.
Sketch-Bridging the Past and Present to Craft the Future: Reflecting on the Archaeologies and Heritages of Roman Scotland Through Creative Storytelling. Epoiesen: A Journal for Creative Engagement in History and Archaeology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/epoiesen/2023.2, 2023
AVAILABLE OPEN ACCESS: https://epoiesen.carleton.ca/2023/11/17/sketchbridgingromanscotland/
Technical report on the results of a workshop applying the CVI to the Edinburgh World Heritage pr... more Technical report on the results of a workshop applying the CVI to the Edinburgh World Heritage property in May-June 2021
Scotland's World Heritage and Climate Change, 2023
"… climate change has become one of the most signifcant and fastest growing threats to people and... more "… climate change has become one of the most signifcant and fastest growing threats to people and their heritage worldwide …" ICOMOS, 2017 "Climate change is fast becoming one of the most signifcant risks for World Heritage sites worldwide … direct and indirect impacts of climate change may present a threat to their Outstanding Universal Value, integrity and authenticity" Markham et al 2016, UNESCO report: World Heritage & Tourism in a Changing Climate CLIMATE VULNERABILITY INDEX Key climate stressors were identifed for each of the four properties in Scotland and used in assessing the OUV and Community Vulnerability on a trafc-light scale (Low/Moderate/High).
Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) Assessment for the Antonine Wall, 2023
A report on the application of the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) to the Antonine Wall in Scot... more A report on the application of the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) to the Antonine Wall in Scotland (a component part of the Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage property).
Limes XIX. Proceedings of the XIXth International Congress of ROman Frontier Studies held in Pecs, Hungary, September 2003, 2005
This paper discusses and summarises the information available for the temporary camps on the Fort... more This paper discusses and summarises the information available for the temporary camps on the Forth-Clyde isthmus. Aerial photographic information has been re-appraised and supplemented with evidence from recent excavations to suggest a modification to the construction 'groups' proposed in Hanson & Maxwell's Rome's North West Frontier: The Antonine Wall (1983).
The archaeological discoveries of Captain (later General) Robert Melville in 1754, the Roman camp... more The archaeological discoveries of Captain (later General) Robert Melville in 1754, the Roman camps of Campmuir, Lintrose; Kirkbuddo; Battledykes, Oathlaw; and Keithock. All were later planned by William Roy. Jones, R H and Maxwell, G S 2008 ‘A Horseman Riding by: Archaeological Discovery in 1754’ Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 14, 1-8.
This paper outlines the history of the Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site and the ... more This paper outlines the history of the Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site and the challenges of management of this international site and the protection of individual sites as well as the whole. The integration of portable objects (inscriptions and artefacts) is discussed, given that these are exempt from the World Heritage classification. Finally, a vision for the future of the World Heritage Site is presented.
ABSTRACT The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS) mainta... more ABSTRACT The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS) maintains the national inventory and hosts the national collections of the archaeological and built heritage of Scotland, including its maritime waters. Both professional users and the wider public have been able to view information in the inventory online, through Canmore, since 1998. Yet there was no mechanism to actively contribute to the knowledge base. Since our centenary in 2008, new strategies have evolved to harness the knowledge of both our professional and public users, to contribute directly to the national inventory. This paper describes the opening-up - letting go - of Canmore, through a number of routes, to enable new partners to actively contribute their knowledge directly and efficiently to Canmore through a collaborative and flexible approach. The paper then discusses how information is disseminated using a similarly agile approach that aims to allow users to find and use the data that they need, while serving the needs and imperatives such as the European Union INSPIRE Directive. It is noted that pragmatism is required; government bodies, audiences and partners do not all move at the same pace as the available technologies.
ABSTRACTThe review of a series of oblique aerial photographs recording a Neolithic bank barrow an... more ABSTRACTThe review of a series of oblique aerial photographs recording a Neolithic bank barrow and adjacent post-medieval feld-system identifed the ground-plan of a Roman temporary camp on the rising ground to the north-east of the Roman fort at Raeburnfoot, Dumfriesshire. Further analysis, later confrmed by feld survey, recognised the presence of at least two upstanding gateways of a form usually referred to as the ‘Stracathro’-type and so far only known in Scotland. All the other examples are known only as cropmarks, making the camp at Raeburnfoot the sole visible earthwork camp with these unusual entrances known in the Roman world.
ABSTRACTThe Roman military presence at Dalswinton is reassessed using a range of remote sensing t... more ABSTRACTThe Roman military presence at Dalswinton is reassessed using a range of remote sensing techniques (geophysical survey, LiDAR and aerial photography). At Bankfoot the absence of internal buildings suggests the postulated vexillation fortress was a more temporary structure; while numerous pits/ovens were identified across the interior of the large Stracathro-type camp. The primary fort at Bankhead was provided with in-turned entrances and two small annexes attached to the north-west and south-east quadrants of the fort. A third much larger annexe extended southwards down to the river. Only pits and furnaces were recorded within the annexes, two of which were expanded in Phase 2. Various buildings, including legionary and auxiliary barracks, were identified in the expanded fort of Phase 2, whose orientation remained unchanged. A mixed garrison of legionaries and auxiliary cavalry is indicated for both periods of occupation. Finally, the fort was deliberately demolished. The Ro...
The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice, 12:2, 120-145, 2021
Roman Frontiers (Limes) run through several countries across
Europe, the Near East and North Afri... more Roman Frontiers (Limes) run through several countries across Europe, the Near East and North Africa. In addition to those territories on the boundaries of the Empire, Roman military remains and artefacts are recorded in other countries, reflecting the development, expansion and contraction of the Roman Empire as well as trade within and beyond its borders. Since the early 2000s, a project has been on-going to create a series of transnational World Heritage properties for the Frontiers of the Roman Empire, building on existing networking connections established through the International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies and establishing new collaborations and partnerships, from local to international. In recognising the outstanding value to all humanity of our shared cultural heritage, the Limes provide an opportunity to connect communities and countries, as well as engender a sense of local pride in the global importance of remains. This paper is derived from a keynote given at the European Association of Archaeologists virtual conference in 2020, and asks how, when wrestling with global challenges such as Climate Change and the Covid19 pandemic, can World Heritage and Roman Frontiers contribute to our 21st century society?
Poster at Limes XXV, the 25th International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies held in Nijmegen, Netherlands, 2022
Climate Change is the biggest threat to World Heritage globally. This will present the results of... more Climate Change is the biggest threat to World Heritage globally. This will present the results of a Climate Vulnerability Index workshop held for the Antonine Wall in February 2022.
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The Roman Empire was one of the greatest of the ancient world, and expanding and maintaining that Empire required military might. While considerable research has been undertaken on Roman frontiers, fortresses and forts, Roman camps, the subject of this book, are one of the bridesmaids of the study of the fortifications of the Roman army. Although basic and only occupied for a short period, a number of camp sites have survived the ravages of time to tell us something of the movements and activities of the Roman army. They have now been recorded the length and breadth of the Roman Empire, but the area with the largest number of recognised camps is that of the island of Britain, with nearly 500 now known. Rebecca Jones commences this fascinating study with a general overview of the Roman conquest of Britain and an explanation of what Roman camps were used for and looked like. The focus then moves on to the archaeology of Roman camps in Britain, exploring how we know what we know and looking at the re-use and survival of these structures. Recent excavation and survey work is considered, as well as the distribution of camps and how our archaeological understanding can help interpret their chronology and context.
In 1949, in the aftermath of a devastating war, Eric Birley organised the First Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. His aim was not only to pursue the study of Roman frontiers but also to take a step towards restoring harmony in international relations within this field of research. The pattern was set early on: the exchange of information, networking and friendship. These three elements remain at the core of the approach of those organising and attending the Congress. They are reinforced by the pattern of the meetings, usually held every three years. The programme includes not only lectures but also visits to the local Roman military sites led by appropriate specialists.
Over the 73 years since the First Congress, membership has grown enormously with more lecture theatres and more coaches being required every meeting. This publication marks the twenty-fifth Congress at Nijmegen in the Netherlands, a city well known to Roman frontier archaeologists and early medieval scholars alike. It aims to help newer members understand the body they have joined; for those who have been attending for longer, it will be a reminder of friendships made and strengthened; for all, the book hopes to be a spur to continuing investigations and research into Rome’s greatest monument, its frontiers; for the moment of publication, it will be a celebration of the twenty-fifth Congress of Roman Frontier Studies.
Jones, R H and Maxwell, G S 2008 ‘A Horseman Riding by: Archaeological Discovery in 1754’ Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 14, 1-8.
that these are exempt from the World Heritage classification. Finally, a vision for the future of the World Heritage Site is presented.
The Roman Empire was one of the greatest of the ancient world, and expanding and maintaining that Empire required military might. While considerable research has been undertaken on Roman frontiers, fortresses and forts, Roman camps, the subject of this book, are one of the bridesmaids of the study of the fortifications of the Roman army. Although basic and only occupied for a short period, a number of camp sites have survived the ravages of time to tell us something of the movements and activities of the Roman army. They have now been recorded the length and breadth of the Roman Empire, but the area with the largest number of recognised camps is that of the island of Britain, with nearly 500 now known. Rebecca Jones commences this fascinating study with a general overview of the Roman conquest of Britain and an explanation of what Roman camps were used for and looked like. The focus then moves on to the archaeology of Roman camps in Britain, exploring how we know what we know and looking at the re-use and survival of these structures. Recent excavation and survey work is considered, as well as the distribution of camps and how our archaeological understanding can help interpret their chronology and context.
In 1949, in the aftermath of a devastating war, Eric Birley organised the First Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. His aim was not only to pursue the study of Roman frontiers but also to take a step towards restoring harmony in international relations within this field of research. The pattern was set early on: the exchange of information, networking and friendship. These three elements remain at the core of the approach of those organising and attending the Congress. They are reinforced by the pattern of the meetings, usually held every three years. The programme includes not only lectures but also visits to the local Roman military sites led by appropriate specialists.
Over the 73 years since the First Congress, membership has grown enormously with more lecture theatres and more coaches being required every meeting. This publication marks the twenty-fifth Congress at Nijmegen in the Netherlands, a city well known to Roman frontier archaeologists and early medieval scholars alike. It aims to help newer members understand the body they have joined; for those who have been attending for longer, it will be a reminder of friendships made and strengthened; for all, the book hopes to be a spur to continuing investigations and research into Rome’s greatest monument, its frontiers; for the moment of publication, it will be a celebration of the twenty-fifth Congress of Roman Frontier Studies.
Jones, R H and Maxwell, G S 2008 ‘A Horseman Riding by: Archaeological Discovery in 1754’ Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal 14, 1-8.
that these are exempt from the World Heritage classification. Finally, a vision for the future of the World Heritage Site is presented.
Europe, the Near East and North Africa. In addition to those territories on the boundaries of the Empire, Roman military remains and
artefacts are recorded in other countries, reflecting the development, expansion and contraction of the Roman Empire as well as
trade within and beyond its borders. Since the early 2000s, a project
has been on-going to create a series of transnational World
Heritage properties for the Frontiers of the Roman Empire, building
on existing networking connections established through the
International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies and establishing
new collaborations and partnerships, from local to international. In
recognising the outstanding value to all humanity of our shared
cultural heritage, the Limes provide an opportunity to connect
communities and countries, as well as engender a sense of local
pride in the global importance of remains. This paper is derived
from a keynote given at the European Association of Archaeologists
virtual conference in 2020, and asks how, when wrestling with
global challenges such as Climate Change and the Covid19 pandemic, can World Heritage and Roman Frontiers contribute to our
21st century society?