ABSTRACT Vermicompost has beneficial effects on plant growth. However, vermicompost increases ele... more ABSTRACT Vermicompost has beneficial effects on plant growth. However, vermicompost increases electrical conductivity in soil due to increased salinity associated with continued usage. An experiment was conducted to determine effects of 0 and 7 Mt·ha−1 of cow manure vermicompost, 7 Mt·ha−1 of vermicompost leachate, or vermicompost leachate with vermiwash and a no-fertilization control on French dwarf bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yield and development. Type of vermi-fertilizer affected all measured characteristics except individual pod fresh and dry weights. Plants treated with vermiwash had the tallest plants, longest pods, number of pods per plant, number of lateral branches, and number of pods, but the highest plant dry weight and longest internodes were from plants treated with vermicompost leachate. Vermiwash combined with vermicompost leachate negatively affected vegetative characteristics and yield. With leaching, the negative effects of vermicompost related to high electrical conductivity decreased and continuous application of this material may be possible. Vermicompost leachate and vermiwash can be used as fertilizer for sustainable bean cultivation.
ABSTRACT Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a vegetable crop that can be produced in greenhouses. T... more ABSTRACT Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a vegetable crop that can be produced in greenhouses. The occurrence of soil-limited factors has increased interest in soilless culture and the demand for a suitable technology adapted to this type of production. Palm waste is readily available and cheap, and this study was conducted to investigate the effect of substrates, including some with palm waste, on growth, yield, and quality of cucumber. An equal mix of perlite and palm waste produced results that were similar to the best results for most traits. This material can likely be used as a part of a suitable media for cucumber production in soilless culture.
Hydroponics is a common culture method for production of herbs. It is necessary to determine opti... more Hydroponics is a common culture method for production of herbs. It is necessary to determine optimal ranges of elements in nutrient solutions. Four nutrient solutions, with different total nitrogen concentrations and ammonium-to-nitrate ratios were used to determine effects on yield and quality of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and cress (Lepidium sativum L.). Increasing ammonium benefited cress but not basil. Increasing nitrate positively affected basil. Cress and basil do not appear to need high levels of nutrients for production using hydroponics.
Pinching is done to affect canopy structure and is normally accomplished by removing the branch g... more Pinching is done to affect canopy structure and is normally accomplished by removing the branch growing tip. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plays a role in biological fixation of aerial nitrogen, can be used to restore fertility in crop rotations, and is capable of satisfying its nitrogen requirements largely from the atmosphere. Its susceptibility to environmental conditions and biotic stress and instability of yield make it less attractive, and little is known about factors affecting growth and development. The experiment was conducted in a field from December 2010 to May 2011 to determine the effects of pinching on plant development and yield. Treatments were zero, one, two, and three pinchings. The first pinching was when plants had four true leaves. Second and third pinchings were when all lateral and sublateral branches had at least four leaves. At harvest, total seed and pod yield, number of pods per plant, pod weight, and number of lateral branches per plant were determined. Number of pods and shoots per plant, 100 seed weight, and pod and seed total yield were affected by treatment but not numbers of seed per pod and mean pod weight. Pinching two to three times produced more pods per plant and more pod and seed yields than not pinching. We propose pinching twice when plant main and lateral branches have four leaves to increase yield.
... Combining ability of yield and yield component in pickling cucumber. Kasetsart J. , 24: 102–1... more ... Combining ability of yield and yield component in pickling cucumber. Kasetsart J. , 24: 102–107. View all references; Wadid et al., 20039. Wadid, MM, Medany, MA and Abou-Hadid, AF 2003. ... J. Hered., 19: 257–268. 9. Wadid, MM, Medany, MA and Abou-Hadid, AF 2003. ...
Principal components analysis involves a mathematical procedure that transforms a number of possi... more Principal components analysis involves a mathematical procedure that transforms a number of possibly correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables called principal components. Principal components analysis was performed using downy mildew infection percentage; downy mildew resistance score; days to harvest; number of nodes per plant; plant length; number of branches per plant; days to first male flower appearance; days to first female flower appearance; cotyledon bitterness; fifth leaf bitterness that correlated with fruit bitterness; first midrib length; second midrib length; third midrib length; first node length; early, nonmarketable, marketable, and total yields; fruit shape; marketable yield percentage; simple weight index; overall performance; fruit set percentage; distance to first fruit; number of fruit on main branch; fruit bitterness; fruit end bitterness; fruit color; and seed cell size. A three-way cross between [(115*118)*502] lines could produce a hybrid that is early to harvest, resistant to downy mildew, and with high yield.
Accurate and nondestructive methods to determine individual leaf areas of plants can be useful in... more Accurate and nondestructive methods to determine individual leaf areas of plants can be useful in physiological and agronomic research. The red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. f. Rubra), cvs. Red Dynasty, Red Rookie, and Schwarzkopf 2, was used. Several characteristics were measured to assess cabbage for their suitability for production in northern Iran. Determination of individual leaf area (LA)
Municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) has been reported to improve plant development and yield. Ad... more Municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) has been reported to improve plant development and yield. Additional information is needed to determine the efficacy of use of MSWC for short-season crops including lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Agronomy Faculty, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran, in 2008, to determine the effect of MSWC on
Conventional agriculture can lead to loss of organic matter. Organic agriculture employs closed c... more Conventional agriculture can lead to loss of organic matter. Organic agriculture employs closed cycles of energy and materials, maximizes reuse, employs rotation systems, and uses nutrients of organic origin. The use of municipal solid waste compost and spent mushroom compost as additions to soils is increasing. A study that was carried out in spring 2009 with 0, 100, 200, and 300 Mt·ha of municipal solid waste compost, spent mushroom compost, and cow manure applied to soil in which French dwarf bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was planted. Organic fertilizer type affected total yield, number of pods per plant, pod dry matter, pod weight, number of branches, and leaf ash percentage. Municipal solid waste compost and spent mushroom compost increased total yield over the control and can be used as a substitute for cow manure in French dwarf bean production.
... Ndegwa, PM and Thompson, SA 2001. ... Treatment. The experiment was conducted in 2007 at the ... more ... Ndegwa, PM and Thompson, SA 2001. ... Treatment. The experiment was conducted in 2007 at the University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. The sandy loam soils in most of the Guilan province are poor in organic matter, and it is necessary to add fertilizer yearly to meet production goals. ...
Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus var. sajor caju (Fr.) Singer, can be cultivated on a wide va... more Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus var. sajor caju (Fr.) Singer, can be cultivated on a wide variety of substrates containing lignin and cellulose. Oyster mushroom cultivation can play an important role in managing organic waste. Oyster mushroom was ...
... Porter and Etzel (1982) and Ahmed (1984) Address correspondence to A. Khasmakhi-Sabet,Islamic... more ... Porter and Etzel (1982) and Ahmed (1984) Address correspondence to A. Khasmakhi-Sabet,Islamic Azad University, Abhar branch, Horticultural Department, Iran-Islamic Republic. E-mail: sabet1942@gmail.com Page 2. Plant Density, Bell Pepper Yield, and Quality 265 ...
Poor seed germination is a common phenomenon at suboptimal temperatures. Several priming treatmen... more Poor seed germination is a common phenomenon at suboptimal temperatures. Several priming treatments have been reported to enhance germination percentage under low-temperature sowings in various crop seeds. In this study, seed priming was carried out with KNO3, K2HPO4, and NaCl in concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% w/v and subsequent germination at incubation temperatures of 15 and 25°C on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Super dominos) seed using a completely randomized design with three replications. Results indicated interaction between priming solution material, priming solution concentration, and incubation temperature affecting germination percentage, seedling fresh and dry weights, and seedling root volume. Priming did not benefit germination at 25°C. Priming with K2HPO4 at 15°C had little beneficial effect at higher solution concentrations and was generally less than all other materials at 15°C. When the priming material was KNO3, the control had seedling fresh weight va...
ABSTRACT Vermicompost has beneficial effects on plant growth. However, vermicompost increases ele... more ABSTRACT Vermicompost has beneficial effects on plant growth. However, vermicompost increases electrical conductivity in soil due to increased salinity associated with continued usage. An experiment was conducted to determine effects of 0 and 7 Mt·ha−1 of cow manure vermicompost, 7 Mt·ha−1 of vermicompost leachate, or vermicompost leachate with vermiwash and a no-fertilization control on French dwarf bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yield and development. Type of vermi-fertilizer affected all measured characteristics except individual pod fresh and dry weights. Plants treated with vermiwash had the tallest plants, longest pods, number of pods per plant, number of lateral branches, and number of pods, but the highest plant dry weight and longest internodes were from plants treated with vermicompost leachate. Vermiwash combined with vermicompost leachate negatively affected vegetative characteristics and yield. With leaching, the negative effects of vermicompost related to high electrical conductivity decreased and continuous application of this material may be possible. Vermicompost leachate and vermiwash can be used as fertilizer for sustainable bean cultivation.
ABSTRACT Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a vegetable crop that can be produced in greenhouses. T... more ABSTRACT Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a vegetable crop that can be produced in greenhouses. The occurrence of soil-limited factors has increased interest in soilless culture and the demand for a suitable technology adapted to this type of production. Palm waste is readily available and cheap, and this study was conducted to investigate the effect of substrates, including some with palm waste, on growth, yield, and quality of cucumber. An equal mix of perlite and palm waste produced results that were similar to the best results for most traits. This material can likely be used as a part of a suitable media for cucumber production in soilless culture.
Hydroponics is a common culture method for production of herbs. It is necessary to determine opti... more Hydroponics is a common culture method for production of herbs. It is necessary to determine optimal ranges of elements in nutrient solutions. Four nutrient solutions, with different total nitrogen concentrations and ammonium-to-nitrate ratios were used to determine effects on yield and quality of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and cress (Lepidium sativum L.). Increasing ammonium benefited cress but not basil. Increasing nitrate positively affected basil. Cress and basil do not appear to need high levels of nutrients for production using hydroponics.
Pinching is done to affect canopy structure and is normally accomplished by removing the branch g... more Pinching is done to affect canopy structure and is normally accomplished by removing the branch growing tip. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plays a role in biological fixation of aerial nitrogen, can be used to restore fertility in crop rotations, and is capable of satisfying its nitrogen requirements largely from the atmosphere. Its susceptibility to environmental conditions and biotic stress and instability of yield make it less attractive, and little is known about factors affecting growth and development. The experiment was conducted in a field from December 2010 to May 2011 to determine the effects of pinching on plant development and yield. Treatments were zero, one, two, and three pinchings. The first pinching was when plants had four true leaves. Second and third pinchings were when all lateral and sublateral branches had at least four leaves. At harvest, total seed and pod yield, number of pods per plant, pod weight, and number of lateral branches per plant were determined. Number of pods and shoots per plant, 100 seed weight, and pod and seed total yield were affected by treatment but not numbers of seed per pod and mean pod weight. Pinching two to three times produced more pods per plant and more pod and seed yields than not pinching. We propose pinching twice when plant main and lateral branches have four leaves to increase yield.
... Combining ability of yield and yield component in pickling cucumber. Kasetsart J. , 24: 102–1... more ... Combining ability of yield and yield component in pickling cucumber. Kasetsart J. , 24: 102–107. View all references; Wadid et al., 20039. Wadid, MM, Medany, MA and Abou-Hadid, AF 2003. ... J. Hered., 19: 257–268. 9. Wadid, MM, Medany, MA and Abou-Hadid, AF 2003. ...
Principal components analysis involves a mathematical procedure that transforms a number of possi... more Principal components analysis involves a mathematical procedure that transforms a number of possibly correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables called principal components. Principal components analysis was performed using downy mildew infection percentage; downy mildew resistance score; days to harvest; number of nodes per plant; plant length; number of branches per plant; days to first male flower appearance; days to first female flower appearance; cotyledon bitterness; fifth leaf bitterness that correlated with fruit bitterness; first midrib length; second midrib length; third midrib length; first node length; early, nonmarketable, marketable, and total yields; fruit shape; marketable yield percentage; simple weight index; overall performance; fruit set percentage; distance to first fruit; number of fruit on main branch; fruit bitterness; fruit end bitterness; fruit color; and seed cell size. A three-way cross between [(115*118)*502] lines could produce a hybrid that is early to harvest, resistant to downy mildew, and with high yield.
Accurate and nondestructive methods to determine individual leaf areas of plants can be useful in... more Accurate and nondestructive methods to determine individual leaf areas of plants can be useful in physiological and agronomic research. The red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. f. Rubra), cvs. Red Dynasty, Red Rookie, and Schwarzkopf 2, was used. Several characteristics were measured to assess cabbage for their suitability for production in northern Iran. Determination of individual leaf area (LA)
Municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) has been reported to improve plant development and yield. Ad... more Municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) has been reported to improve plant development and yield. Additional information is needed to determine the efficacy of use of MSWC for short-season crops including lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Agronomy Faculty, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran, in 2008, to determine the effect of MSWC on
Conventional agriculture can lead to loss of organic matter. Organic agriculture employs closed c... more Conventional agriculture can lead to loss of organic matter. Organic agriculture employs closed cycles of energy and materials, maximizes reuse, employs rotation systems, and uses nutrients of organic origin. The use of municipal solid waste compost and spent mushroom compost as additions to soils is increasing. A study that was carried out in spring 2009 with 0, 100, 200, and 300 Mt·ha of municipal solid waste compost, spent mushroom compost, and cow manure applied to soil in which French dwarf bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was planted. Organic fertilizer type affected total yield, number of pods per plant, pod dry matter, pod weight, number of branches, and leaf ash percentage. Municipal solid waste compost and spent mushroom compost increased total yield over the control and can be used as a substitute for cow manure in French dwarf bean production.
... Ndegwa, PM and Thompson, SA 2001. ... Treatment. The experiment was conducted in 2007 at the ... more ... Ndegwa, PM and Thompson, SA 2001. ... Treatment. The experiment was conducted in 2007 at the University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. The sandy loam soils in most of the Guilan province are poor in organic matter, and it is necessary to add fertilizer yearly to meet production goals. ...
Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus var. sajor caju (Fr.) Singer, can be cultivated on a wide va... more Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus var. sajor caju (Fr.) Singer, can be cultivated on a wide variety of substrates containing lignin and cellulose. Oyster mushroom cultivation can play an important role in managing organic waste. Oyster mushroom was ...
... Porter and Etzel (1982) and Ahmed (1984) Address correspondence to A. Khasmakhi-Sabet,Islamic... more ... Porter and Etzel (1982) and Ahmed (1984) Address correspondence to A. Khasmakhi-Sabet,Islamic Azad University, Abhar branch, Horticultural Department, Iran-Islamic Republic. E-mail: sabet1942@gmail.com Page 2. Plant Density, Bell Pepper Yield, and Quality 265 ...
Poor seed germination is a common phenomenon at suboptimal temperatures. Several priming treatmen... more Poor seed germination is a common phenomenon at suboptimal temperatures. Several priming treatments have been reported to enhance germination percentage under low-temperature sowings in various crop seeds. In this study, seed priming was carried out with KNO3, K2HPO4, and NaCl in concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% w/v and subsequent germination at incubation temperatures of 15 and 25°C on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Super dominos) seed using a completely randomized design with three replications. Results indicated interaction between priming solution material, priming solution concentration, and incubation temperature affecting germination percentage, seedling fresh and dry weights, and seedling root volume. Priming did not benefit germination at 25°C. Priming with K2HPO4 at 15°C had little beneficial effect at higher solution concentrations and was generally less than all other materials at 15°C. When the priming material was KNO3, the control had seedling fresh weight va...
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