In this critical review we comment on the absence of widely shared benchmark problems and relevan... more In this critical review we comment on the absence of widely shared benchmark problems and relevant challenges or even attractive competitions in the field of electrokinetics. We argue that in some other scientific domains that are, similarly as electrokinetics, strongly multidisciplinary, the existence of these tools is very beneficial because it stimulates the discussion about what constitutes the bottleneck of further progress, allows easier exploitation of results provided by other scientific and engineering disciplines, and, last but not least, makes the research domain attractive and visible to a broader public, including students. The goal of this review is to provoke some discussion that might perhaps lead to compensating for these shortcomings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Zeitschrift f�r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 1985
ABSTRACT Die Darstellung der Komplexverbindung Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 6 H2O wird beschrieben. Ihre Eigensc... more ABSTRACT Die Darstellung der Komplexverbindung Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 6 H2O wird beschrieben. Ihre Eigenschaften und Struktur wurden mittels UV-VIS, IR, NMR und Röntgen-Pulverdiffraktion sowie mit thermischen Methoden untersucht. Aufgrund der experimentellen Ergebnisse wird angenommen, daß es sich um ein weiteres Glied der Tuttonsalz-Reihe handelt, mit denen es isostrukturell ist und das ein am wenigsten deformiertes Koordinationspolyeder [Cu(H2O)6]2+ von allen aufweist. Bei seiner Dehydration treten in die Koordinationssphäre von CuII Sauerstoffatome aus den Sulfatgruppen ein, wobei die Symmetrie von SO42− niedriger wird. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse deuten an, daß sowohl Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 6 H2O als auch Na2Cu(SO4)2, gleicherweise wie Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 2 H2O monoklin sind.Preparation and Properties of Na2CuII (SO4)2 · 6 H2OThe preparation of the complex compound of Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 6 H2O is described. Its structure and properties were investigated using spectral methods (u.v.-vis., i.r., n.m.r.), by means of X-ray powder diffraction, and by thermal methods. On the basis of experimental results it is suggested that another member of the Tutton salts series has been prepared, appearring isostructural with them and showing the less distorted coordination polyhedron of [Cu(H2O)6]2+ from them. On its dehydration oxygen atoms from the sulphate groups enter the coordination sphere of CuII and the symmetry of SO42− becomes lower. The experimental results indicate that Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 6 H2O as also Na2Cu(SO4)2 as likewise Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 2 H2O are monoclinic.
Recent advances of microfluidics systems suitable for multiplexed MS analysis are reviewed with r... more Recent advances of microfluidics systems suitable for multiplexed MS analysis are reviewed with respect to fabrication technologies and applications.
It has become a tradition to conclude the year by publishing the Miniaturization special issue of... more It has become a tradition to conclude the year by publishing the Miniaturization special issue of ELECTROPHORESIS. This year is no exception and we are very pleased that the current issue contains twenty-nine high-quality contributions demonstrating the spectrum of the state of the art in miniaturization theory, technology and applications. The conventionally arranged sections featuring reviews, full articles and short communications document the increasing interest in biologydriven applications -a trend expected to continue in the years to come.
The use of enzymes for cleavage, synthesis or chemical modification represents one of the most co... more The use of enzymes for cleavage, synthesis or chemical modification represents one of the most common processes used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories. The continuing progress in medical research, genomics, proteomics, and related emerging biotechnology fields leads to exponential growth of the applications of enzymes and the development of modified or new enzymes with specific activities. Concurrently, new technologies are being developed to improve reaction rates and specificity or perform the reaction in a specific environment. Besides large-scale industrial applications, where typically a large processing capacity is required, there are other, much lower-scale applications, benefiting form the new developments in enzymology. One such technology is microfluidics with the potential to revolutionize analytical instrumentation for the analyses of very small sample amounts, single cells or even subcellular assemblies. This article aims at reviewing the current status of the development of the immobilized microfluidic enzymatic reactors (IMERs) technology.
Using a zone of constant temperature and denaturant concentration in capillary electrophoresis, w... more Using a zone of constant temperature and denaturant concentration in capillary electrophoresis, we have devised a simple, rapid, and reproducible system for separating mutant from wild type DNA sequences with high resolution. Important to the success of this method, which we call Constant Denaturant Capillary Electrophoresis (CDCE), has been the use of linear polyacrylamide at viscosity levels that permit facile replacement of the matrix after each run. For a typical 100 bp fragment, point mutation-containing heteroduplexes are separated from wild type homoduplexes in less than 30 minutes. Using laser-induced fluorescence to detect fluorescent-tagged DNA, the system has an absolute limit of detection of 3 x 104 molecules with a linear dynamic range of six orders of magnitude. The relative limit of detection at present Is 3 x10-4, i.e. 105 mutant sequences are recognized among 3 x 108 wild type sequences. The new approach should be applicable to the identification of low frequency mutations, to mutational spectrometry and to genetic screening of pooled samples for detection of rare variants.
The disclosure relates to a method for resolving double-stranded DNA species differing by at leas... more The disclosure relates to a method for resolving double-stranded DNA species differing by at least one base pair. Each of the species is characterized by an iso-melting domain with a unique melting temperature contiguous with a melting domain of higher thermal stability. 18 figs.
This paper is summarizing the contributions to the analytical capillary isotachophoresis publishe... more This paper is summarizing the contributions to the analytical capillary isotachophoresis published during the period 1981-1984. It characterizes the present state of the method and covers theory, fundamental analytical aspects, instrumentation and applications. Special attention was payed to the fundamental analytical aspects, and a detailed discussion is given of the selection of electrolyte systems, stability of zones and separability of substances. The present commercial instrumentation is also briefly described.
En el presente trabajo se preparó mediante una técnica convencional de precipitación la sal de hi... more En el presente trabajo se preparó mediante una técnica convencional de precipitación la sal de hierro(III) de la N1-Acetil sulfanilamida, también llamada sulfacetamida de hierro(III). Esto tiene como objetivo estudiar sus propiedades fisicoquímicas y proponer eventuales ...
En el presente trabajo se preparó mediante una técnica convencional de precipitación la sal de hi... more En el presente trabajo se preparó mediante una técnica convencional de precipitación la sal de hierro(III) de la N1-Acetil sulfanilamida, también llamada sulfacetamida de hierro(III). Esto tiene como objetivo estudiar sus propiedades fisicoquímicas y proponer eventuales ...
We report a construction of a self-aligning subatmospheric hybrid liquid junction electrospray in... more We report a construction of a self-aligning subatmospheric hybrid liquid junction electrospray interface for CE eliminating the need for manual adjustment by guiding the capillaries in a microfabricated liquid junction glass chip at a defined angle. Both the ESI and separation capillaries are inserted into the microfabricated part until their ends touch. The distance between the capillary openings is defined by the angle between the capillaries. The microfabricated part contains channels for placement of the capillaries and connection of the external electrode reservoirs. It was fabricated using standard photolithographic/wet chemical etching techniques followed by thermal bonding. The liquid junction is connected to a subatmospheric electrospray chamber inducing the flow inside the ESI needle and helping the ion transport via aerodynamic focusing.
In this critical review we comment on the absence of widely shared benchmark problems and relevan... more In this critical review we comment on the absence of widely shared benchmark problems and relevant challenges or even attractive competitions in the field of electrokinetics. We argue that in some other scientific domains that are, similarly as electrokinetics, strongly multidisciplinary, the existence of these tools is very beneficial because it stimulates the discussion about what constitutes the bottleneck of further progress, allows easier exploitation of results provided by other scientific and engineering disciplines, and, last but not least, makes the research domain attractive and visible to a broader public, including students. The goal of this review is to provoke some discussion that might perhaps lead to compensating for these shortcomings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Zeitschrift f�r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 1985
ABSTRACT Die Darstellung der Komplexverbindung Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 6 H2O wird beschrieben. Ihre Eigensc... more ABSTRACT Die Darstellung der Komplexverbindung Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 6 H2O wird beschrieben. Ihre Eigenschaften und Struktur wurden mittels UV-VIS, IR, NMR und Röntgen-Pulverdiffraktion sowie mit thermischen Methoden untersucht. Aufgrund der experimentellen Ergebnisse wird angenommen, daß es sich um ein weiteres Glied der Tuttonsalz-Reihe handelt, mit denen es isostrukturell ist und das ein am wenigsten deformiertes Koordinationspolyeder [Cu(H2O)6]2+ von allen aufweist. Bei seiner Dehydration treten in die Koordinationssphäre von CuII Sauerstoffatome aus den Sulfatgruppen ein, wobei die Symmetrie von SO42− niedriger wird. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse deuten an, daß sowohl Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 6 H2O als auch Na2Cu(SO4)2, gleicherweise wie Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 2 H2O monoklin sind.Preparation and Properties of Na2CuII (SO4)2 · 6 H2OThe preparation of the complex compound of Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 6 H2O is described. Its structure and properties were investigated using spectral methods (u.v.-vis., i.r., n.m.r.), by means of X-ray powder diffraction, and by thermal methods. On the basis of experimental results it is suggested that another member of the Tutton salts series has been prepared, appearring isostructural with them and showing the less distorted coordination polyhedron of [Cu(H2O)6]2+ from them. On its dehydration oxygen atoms from the sulphate groups enter the coordination sphere of CuII and the symmetry of SO42− becomes lower. The experimental results indicate that Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 6 H2O as also Na2Cu(SO4)2 as likewise Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 2 H2O are monoclinic.
Recent advances of microfluidics systems suitable for multiplexed MS analysis are reviewed with r... more Recent advances of microfluidics systems suitable for multiplexed MS analysis are reviewed with respect to fabrication technologies and applications.
It has become a tradition to conclude the year by publishing the Miniaturization special issue of... more It has become a tradition to conclude the year by publishing the Miniaturization special issue of ELECTROPHORESIS. This year is no exception and we are very pleased that the current issue contains twenty-nine high-quality contributions demonstrating the spectrum of the state of the art in miniaturization theory, technology and applications. The conventionally arranged sections featuring reviews, full articles and short communications document the increasing interest in biologydriven applications -a trend expected to continue in the years to come.
The use of enzymes for cleavage, synthesis or chemical modification represents one of the most co... more The use of enzymes for cleavage, synthesis or chemical modification represents one of the most common processes used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories. The continuing progress in medical research, genomics, proteomics, and related emerging biotechnology fields leads to exponential growth of the applications of enzymes and the development of modified or new enzymes with specific activities. Concurrently, new technologies are being developed to improve reaction rates and specificity or perform the reaction in a specific environment. Besides large-scale industrial applications, where typically a large processing capacity is required, there are other, much lower-scale applications, benefiting form the new developments in enzymology. One such technology is microfluidics with the potential to revolutionize analytical instrumentation for the analyses of very small sample amounts, single cells or even subcellular assemblies. This article aims at reviewing the current status of the development of the immobilized microfluidic enzymatic reactors (IMERs) technology.
Using a zone of constant temperature and denaturant concentration in capillary electrophoresis, w... more Using a zone of constant temperature and denaturant concentration in capillary electrophoresis, we have devised a simple, rapid, and reproducible system for separating mutant from wild type DNA sequences with high resolution. Important to the success of this method, which we call Constant Denaturant Capillary Electrophoresis (CDCE), has been the use of linear polyacrylamide at viscosity levels that permit facile replacement of the matrix after each run. For a typical 100 bp fragment, point mutation-containing heteroduplexes are separated from wild type homoduplexes in less than 30 minutes. Using laser-induced fluorescence to detect fluorescent-tagged DNA, the system has an absolute limit of detection of 3 x 104 molecules with a linear dynamic range of six orders of magnitude. The relative limit of detection at present Is 3 x10-4, i.e. 105 mutant sequences are recognized among 3 x 108 wild type sequences. The new approach should be applicable to the identification of low frequency mutations, to mutational spectrometry and to genetic screening of pooled samples for detection of rare variants.
The disclosure relates to a method for resolving double-stranded DNA species differing by at leas... more The disclosure relates to a method for resolving double-stranded DNA species differing by at least one base pair. Each of the species is characterized by an iso-melting domain with a unique melting temperature contiguous with a melting domain of higher thermal stability. 18 figs.
This paper is summarizing the contributions to the analytical capillary isotachophoresis publishe... more This paper is summarizing the contributions to the analytical capillary isotachophoresis published during the period 1981-1984. It characterizes the present state of the method and covers theory, fundamental analytical aspects, instrumentation and applications. Special attention was payed to the fundamental analytical aspects, and a detailed discussion is given of the selection of electrolyte systems, stability of zones and separability of substances. The present commercial instrumentation is also briefly described.
En el presente trabajo se preparó mediante una técnica convencional de precipitación la sal de hi... more En el presente trabajo se preparó mediante una técnica convencional de precipitación la sal de hierro(III) de la N1-Acetil sulfanilamida, también llamada sulfacetamida de hierro(III). Esto tiene como objetivo estudiar sus propiedades fisicoquímicas y proponer eventuales ...
En el presente trabajo se preparó mediante una técnica convencional de precipitación la sal de hi... more En el presente trabajo se preparó mediante una técnica convencional de precipitación la sal de hierro(III) de la N1-Acetil sulfanilamida, también llamada sulfacetamida de hierro(III). Esto tiene como objetivo estudiar sus propiedades fisicoquímicas y proponer eventuales ...
We report a construction of a self-aligning subatmospheric hybrid liquid junction electrospray in... more We report a construction of a self-aligning subatmospheric hybrid liquid junction electrospray interface for CE eliminating the need for manual adjustment by guiding the capillaries in a microfabricated liquid junction glass chip at a defined angle. Both the ESI and separation capillaries are inserted into the microfabricated part until their ends touch. The distance between the capillary openings is defined by the angle between the capillaries. The microfabricated part contains channels for placement of the capillaries and connection of the external electrode reservoirs. It was fabricated using standard photolithographic/wet chemical etching techniques followed by thermal bonding. The liquid junction is connected to a subatmospheric electrospray chamber inducing the flow inside the ESI needle and helping the ion transport via aerodynamic focusing.
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Papers by Frantisek Foret