International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is globally widespread and infects h... more Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is globally widespread and infects humans and animals. Obligate intracellular parasites enter many organs and tissues through the bloodstream, where they invade and proliferate into cells, eventually destroying them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of cardiac tissue changes in rats infected with T. gondii. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=30) were allocated to three groups as follows: control group (n=10), T1 group that received 0.3 mL of T. gondii tachyzoite (IP) (n=10), and T2 group that received 0.6 mL of T. gondii tachyzoite (IP) (n=10). However, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily (IP). Animals were kept in standard condition. Forty days after inducing toxoplasmosis, heart tissues of rat in all groups were removed and prepared for histopathological examinations of heart tissue under optical microscopy after hematoxylin and eosin staining and calculation of heart tissue...
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are among the most interesting and at the same time impo... more Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are among the most interesting and at the same time important subjects of parasitology. The relative ability of these zoonoses in performing laboratory operations and their high prevalence in animals have made fascioliasis a suitable research subject. Today, consistent and continuous control measures are widely recognized as planned management strategies for fascioliasis. These programs may include scheduled grazing of animals and killing of snails and the use of antiparasitic drugs. In the past, various medicinal plants have been tested against fascioliasis. Usually, mushrooms are known as valuable food and contain various active chemical substances with nutritional and therapeutic properties. Ganoderma applanatum and Cantharellus cibarius are species of macrofungi that have great medicinal and therapeutic value. These mushrooms show a wide range of medicinal properties (antibacterial, anticancer, antihypertensive, immune system modulator, a...
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Introduction: Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection that causes eosinophilia in humans. Infection... more Introduction: Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection that causes eosinophilia in humans. Infection in humans is created by swallowing parasite eggs through contaminated soil or hands. Then, the larvae exit from eggs in the small intestine and enter the bloodstream through the perforation of the intestine, and from there, they migrate to all various organs, leading to the creation of visceral larva migrans syndrome and ocular larva migrans syndrome. Methods: In this case study, a prospective study was performed on 100 patients who referred to these centers from February 2017 to January 2018 in different hospitals in Tabriz, in Iran. After the diagnosis of 50 hypereosinophilic patients (more than 10% eosinophilia) without a history of allergic disease as a case group and 50 patients without eosinophilia as a control group, we collected blood samples from these individuals and isolated their serum or plasma. Then, anti-Toxocara antibodies were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent...
Amac: Toksokariyazis; temel temsilcisi toxocara canis olan, kopek ve kedi bagirsak solucanlarinin... more Amac: Toksokariyazis; temel temsilcisi toxocara canis olan, kopek ve kedi bagirsak solucanlarinin neden oldugu, hayvanlardan insanlara bulasan zoonotik bir hastaliktir. Bu hastalik dunyanin her tarafinda gorulebilen ve en cok da cocuklari etkileyen bir hastaliktir. Bu calisma Iran Dogu Azerbaycan Eyaletindeki cocuklarin toksokariyazis seropozitifliginin belirlenmesi amaclandi. Materyal ve Metod: Calisma icin Dogu Azerbaycan Eyaletinin 5 farkli bolgesinden rastgele secilmis cocuklardan kan ornekleri toplandi. Bu calismada 0 ile 15 yaslari arasinda 187"si erkek, 149"u kiz olan 336 cocuk secilmistir. Toxocara bosaltim salgisi antijenine karsi IgG antikorlarini belirlemek icin ELISA yontemi kullanilmistir. Cocuklarin yaslarini, cinsiyetlerini ve yasadiklari ortamlari ogrenmek amaciyla anket duzenlendi. Anketteki onemli sorular yerinde kaydedildi. Bulgular: Cinsiyetin cocuk populasyonlarinda toksokara enfeksiyonu icin onemli bir risk faktoru oldugu bulundu. Erkek cocuklarin (%41,7) kiz cocuklara (%24,16) nazaran daha cok etkilendigi gozlendi. Dogu Azerbaycan Eyaletinde cocuklarda gozlenen T.canis antikorun seroprevelansi %29,46 idi. Dogu Azerbaycan Eyaletinde ki cocuk populasyonlarinda gozlenen toksokara enfeksiyonun aile oykusu, yasam statusu ve bilincli olma gibi parametrelerle iliskili oldugu tespit edildi. Sonuc: Bu calismada Dogu Azerbaycan Eyaleti cocuklarinda T. Canis enfeksiyonunun yuksek prevalansa sahip oldugu belirlenmistir. Toksokariyazis bir halk sagligi problemidir ve bu nedenle saglik uzmanlarinin ve egitmenlerinin bu konuda bilinclendirilmesi oldukca onemlidir. Ayrica bu konudaki okul temelli egitimsel yaklasimlarin, teshis ve devam eden tedavi programlarinin da gelistirilmesi gereklidir.
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Zoonotic diseases are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals, includ... more Zoonotic diseases are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals, including birds. These diseases are transmitted through several routes and are reported in developing and developed nations of the world. The dogs and cats also act as the reservoirs of a large number of parasitic zoonoses, including toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, toxocariasis, and cryptosporidiosis. The roles of pet animals (cats and dogs) in transmitting human infections have been recognized worldwide. Since most of these parasites have an oral-fecal transmission cycle, the transmission of these zoonotic agents could occur through indirect contact with animal feces, contaminated water, and food, or direct contact with infected animals. In addition, the soil is an important route for the transmission of human pathogens. In socioeconomically disadvantaged communities, the poor levels of hygiene and overcrowding, together with a lack of veterinary attention and zoonotic awareness, ex...
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Ascariasis is frequently diagnosed in the dog population, and Toxocara canis is the main agent th... more Ascariasis is frequently diagnosed in the dog population, and Toxocara canis is the main agent that causes larva migrans syndrome in humans. In big cities, the number of pets is constantly increasing, especially canids. In Romania, in addition to dogs with owners, a large number of dogs without owners are found in public green spaces. Timisoara is one of the largest cities in Romania, with a population of approximately 306.462 people. In the present study, the seroprevalence of anti-T. canis antibodies was investigated in different age groups using the ELISA method. The samples were taken and analyzed in a private laboratory. The results indicated a major deficiency in the control of ascariasis in animals. The overall seroprevalence recorded in 371 individuals who were referred to the laboratory during 2017-2020 was 22.64%. The elderly were the most affected (39.39%) and children were the least affected (7.4%) groups.
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Introduction: This cross-sectional descriptive study aims to detect the incidence of different ty... more Introduction: This cross-sectional descriptive study aims to detect the incidence of different types of Malaria in Shendi, Sudan, during the period from November 2019 to February 2020. This study was conducted in Shendi, Sudan, which lies 150 km from the national capital of the Republic of Sudan, Khartoum. Methods: One hundred samples were taken, and the study was conducted in several hospitals in Shendi (Shendi teaching hospital, Almak Nimer hospital, and many laboratories in Shendi). This study examined different types of malaria parasite among the population of Shendi, taking into account the age, gender, residence. A rapid immunochromatographic test and blood film were used to diagnose the incidence of Plasmodium falciparum compared to the other types of Plasmodium. Results: On blood film test, 98% of already diagnosed cases of malaria by microscope were positive, and only 2% were negative; furthermore, 96 % of malaria cases were caused by P. falciparum, and only 2 % were caused...
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Cryptosporidiosis is an infectious emerging zoonotic protozoan disease occurring in both human an... more Cryptosporidiosis is an infectious emerging zoonotic protozoan disease occurring in both human and animal populations all over the world. Cryptosporidiosis is caused by Cryptosporidium, a tiny parasite that affects humans as well many species of animals. Although Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis (formerly known as C. parvum anthroponotic genotype or genotype 1) are the most common species causing disease in human beings, Cryptosporidium felis, Cryptosporidium meleagridis, Cryptosporidium canis, and Cryptosporidium muris infections have also been reported. Waterborne transmission via drinking water or a swimming pool is common, and outbreaks have been reported in several countries. The most common symptom of cryptosporidiosis in humans is watery diarrhea. People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to contract serious, long-term, and even fatal infections. The laboratory endeavor is required to make a precise diagnosis of the disease. The demonstration ...
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Notoedric mange in cats is less commonly diagnosed compared to sarcoptic mange. In the present st... more Notoedric mange in cats is less commonly diagnosed compared to sarcoptic mange. In the present study, a 9-month-old tomcat with severe itching, alopecia, crusts, and ulcerative necrotic areas on the head and neck underwent a clinical examination. The laboratory tests (superficial scrapes of the skin) confirmed the presence of Notoedres mites. The topical administration of 2 doses of 45 mg selamectin, 14 days apart, resulted in the complete healing of the animal.
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Introduction: Livestock is the potential source of blood feed for Anopheles mosquitoes. Infectiou... more Introduction: Livestock is the potential source of blood feed for Anopheles mosquitoes. Infectious Anopheles bites enter h-Plasmodium sporozoites in the body of livestock. In the erythrocytic phase, the parasite produces several enzymes, one of which is parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). The parasite needs this enzyme to help the glycolysis process of pyruvate into lactic acid. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the presence of pLDH in blood specimens of Etawa crossbreed goats was explored. Samples of the stored biological material in the form of dried blood in Whatman™ 1001 125 filter paper included 97 specimens. PLDH was detected using the PCR method. Results: One sample previously reported to contain P. falciparum trophozoites under microscopic examination showed positive results in PfLDH testing. Conclusion: The parasite of P. falciparum was found capable of living up to the erythrocytic phase and forming PfLDH in the Etawa crossbreeds.
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences, 2021
Ascarids are commonly diagnosed in dogs and cats. Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati eggs are simil... more Ascarids are commonly diagnosed in dogs and cats. Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati eggs are similar, and the difference between the two species is based on the morphological characteristics of adult roundworms. Specific morphological components can be revealed by light microscopy, but a detailed description of the structural characteristics can be provided by electron microscopy. The body of adult roundworms dehydrates highly quickly, thus it is quite difficult to obtain clear images. The aim of this study was to provide morphological details specific to the Toxocara genus to complete the knowledge about the morphology of roundworms. The morphology of these nematodes can be thoroughly explained by certain phenomena related to their biological cycle and the preference for localization in various organs of the parasitic host.
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is globally widespread and infects h... more Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is globally widespread and infects humans and animals. Obligate intracellular parasites enter many organs and tissues through the bloodstream, where they invade and proliferate into cells, eventually destroying them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of cardiac tissue changes in rats infected with T. gondii. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=30) were allocated to three groups as follows: control group (n=10), T1 group that received 0.3 mL of T. gondii tachyzoite (IP) (n=10), and T2 group that received 0.6 mL of T. gondii tachyzoite (IP) (n=10). However, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily (IP). Animals were kept in standard condition. Forty days after inducing toxoplasmosis, heart tissues of rat in all groups were removed and prepared for histopathological examinations of heart tissue under optical microscopy after hematoxylin and eosin staining and calculation of heart tissue...
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are among the most interesting and at the same time impo... more Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are among the most interesting and at the same time important subjects of parasitology. The relative ability of these zoonoses in performing laboratory operations and their high prevalence in animals have made fascioliasis a suitable research subject. Today, consistent and continuous control measures are widely recognized as planned management strategies for fascioliasis. These programs may include scheduled grazing of animals and killing of snails and the use of antiparasitic drugs. In the past, various medicinal plants have been tested against fascioliasis. Usually, mushrooms are known as valuable food and contain various active chemical substances with nutritional and therapeutic properties. Ganoderma applanatum and Cantharellus cibarius are species of macrofungi that have great medicinal and therapeutic value. These mushrooms show a wide range of medicinal properties (antibacterial, anticancer, antihypertensive, immune system modulator, a...
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Introduction: Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection that causes eosinophilia in humans. Infection... more Introduction: Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection that causes eosinophilia in humans. Infection in humans is created by swallowing parasite eggs through contaminated soil or hands. Then, the larvae exit from eggs in the small intestine and enter the bloodstream through the perforation of the intestine, and from there, they migrate to all various organs, leading to the creation of visceral larva migrans syndrome and ocular larva migrans syndrome. Methods: In this case study, a prospective study was performed on 100 patients who referred to these centers from February 2017 to January 2018 in different hospitals in Tabriz, in Iran. After the diagnosis of 50 hypereosinophilic patients (more than 10% eosinophilia) without a history of allergic disease as a case group and 50 patients without eosinophilia as a control group, we collected blood samples from these individuals and isolated their serum or plasma. Then, anti-Toxocara antibodies were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent...
Amac: Toksokariyazis; temel temsilcisi toxocara canis olan, kopek ve kedi bagirsak solucanlarinin... more Amac: Toksokariyazis; temel temsilcisi toxocara canis olan, kopek ve kedi bagirsak solucanlarinin neden oldugu, hayvanlardan insanlara bulasan zoonotik bir hastaliktir. Bu hastalik dunyanin her tarafinda gorulebilen ve en cok da cocuklari etkileyen bir hastaliktir. Bu calisma Iran Dogu Azerbaycan Eyaletindeki cocuklarin toksokariyazis seropozitifliginin belirlenmesi amaclandi. Materyal ve Metod: Calisma icin Dogu Azerbaycan Eyaletinin 5 farkli bolgesinden rastgele secilmis cocuklardan kan ornekleri toplandi. Bu calismada 0 ile 15 yaslari arasinda 187"si erkek, 149"u kiz olan 336 cocuk secilmistir. Toxocara bosaltim salgisi antijenine karsi IgG antikorlarini belirlemek icin ELISA yontemi kullanilmistir. Cocuklarin yaslarini, cinsiyetlerini ve yasadiklari ortamlari ogrenmek amaciyla anket duzenlendi. Anketteki onemli sorular yerinde kaydedildi. Bulgular: Cinsiyetin cocuk populasyonlarinda toksokara enfeksiyonu icin onemli bir risk faktoru oldugu bulundu. Erkek cocuklarin (%41,7) kiz cocuklara (%24,16) nazaran daha cok etkilendigi gozlendi. Dogu Azerbaycan Eyaletinde cocuklarda gozlenen T.canis antikorun seroprevelansi %29,46 idi. Dogu Azerbaycan Eyaletinde ki cocuk populasyonlarinda gozlenen toksokara enfeksiyonun aile oykusu, yasam statusu ve bilincli olma gibi parametrelerle iliskili oldugu tespit edildi. Sonuc: Bu calismada Dogu Azerbaycan Eyaleti cocuklarinda T. Canis enfeksiyonunun yuksek prevalansa sahip oldugu belirlenmistir. Toksokariyazis bir halk sagligi problemidir ve bu nedenle saglik uzmanlarinin ve egitmenlerinin bu konuda bilinclendirilmesi oldukca onemlidir. Ayrica bu konudaki okul temelli egitimsel yaklasimlarin, teshis ve devam eden tedavi programlarinin da gelistirilmesi gereklidir.
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Zoonotic diseases are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals, includ... more Zoonotic diseases are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals, including birds. These diseases are transmitted through several routes and are reported in developing and developed nations of the world. The dogs and cats also act as the reservoirs of a large number of parasitic zoonoses, including toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, toxocariasis, and cryptosporidiosis. The roles of pet animals (cats and dogs) in transmitting human infections have been recognized worldwide. Since most of these parasites have an oral-fecal transmission cycle, the transmission of these zoonotic agents could occur through indirect contact with animal feces, contaminated water, and food, or direct contact with infected animals. In addition, the soil is an important route for the transmission of human pathogens. In socioeconomically disadvantaged communities, the poor levels of hygiene and overcrowding, together with a lack of veterinary attention and zoonotic awareness, ex...
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Ascariasis is frequently diagnosed in the dog population, and Toxocara canis is the main agent th... more Ascariasis is frequently diagnosed in the dog population, and Toxocara canis is the main agent that causes larva migrans syndrome in humans. In big cities, the number of pets is constantly increasing, especially canids. In Romania, in addition to dogs with owners, a large number of dogs without owners are found in public green spaces. Timisoara is one of the largest cities in Romania, with a population of approximately 306.462 people. In the present study, the seroprevalence of anti-T. canis antibodies was investigated in different age groups using the ELISA method. The samples were taken and analyzed in a private laboratory. The results indicated a major deficiency in the control of ascariasis in animals. The overall seroprevalence recorded in 371 individuals who were referred to the laboratory during 2017-2020 was 22.64%. The elderly were the most affected (39.39%) and children were the least affected (7.4%) groups.
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Introduction: This cross-sectional descriptive study aims to detect the incidence of different ty... more Introduction: This cross-sectional descriptive study aims to detect the incidence of different types of Malaria in Shendi, Sudan, during the period from November 2019 to February 2020. This study was conducted in Shendi, Sudan, which lies 150 km from the national capital of the Republic of Sudan, Khartoum. Methods: One hundred samples were taken, and the study was conducted in several hospitals in Shendi (Shendi teaching hospital, Almak Nimer hospital, and many laboratories in Shendi). This study examined different types of malaria parasite among the population of Shendi, taking into account the age, gender, residence. A rapid immunochromatographic test and blood film were used to diagnose the incidence of Plasmodium falciparum compared to the other types of Plasmodium. Results: On blood film test, 98% of already diagnosed cases of malaria by microscope were positive, and only 2% were negative; furthermore, 96 % of malaria cases were caused by P. falciparum, and only 2 % were caused...
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Cryptosporidiosis is an infectious emerging zoonotic protozoan disease occurring in both human an... more Cryptosporidiosis is an infectious emerging zoonotic protozoan disease occurring in both human and animal populations all over the world. Cryptosporidiosis is caused by Cryptosporidium, a tiny parasite that affects humans as well many species of animals. Although Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis (formerly known as C. parvum anthroponotic genotype or genotype 1) are the most common species causing disease in human beings, Cryptosporidium felis, Cryptosporidium meleagridis, Cryptosporidium canis, and Cryptosporidium muris infections have also been reported. Waterborne transmission via drinking water or a swimming pool is common, and outbreaks have been reported in several countries. The most common symptom of cryptosporidiosis in humans is watery diarrhea. People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to contract serious, long-term, and even fatal infections. The laboratory endeavor is required to make a precise diagnosis of the disease. The demonstration ...
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Notoedric mange in cats is less commonly diagnosed compared to sarcoptic mange. In the present st... more Notoedric mange in cats is less commonly diagnosed compared to sarcoptic mange. In the present study, a 9-month-old tomcat with severe itching, alopecia, crusts, and ulcerative necrotic areas on the head and neck underwent a clinical examination. The laboratory tests (superficial scrapes of the skin) confirmed the presence of Notoedres mites. The topical administration of 2 doses of 45 mg selamectin, 14 days apart, resulted in the complete healing of the animal.
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences
Introduction: Livestock is the potential source of blood feed for Anopheles mosquitoes. Infectiou... more Introduction: Livestock is the potential source of blood feed for Anopheles mosquitoes. Infectious Anopheles bites enter h-Plasmodium sporozoites in the body of livestock. In the erythrocytic phase, the parasite produces several enzymes, one of which is parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). The parasite needs this enzyme to help the glycolysis process of pyruvate into lactic acid. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the presence of pLDH in blood specimens of Etawa crossbreed goats was explored. Samples of the stored biological material in the form of dried blood in Whatman™ 1001 125 filter paper included 97 specimens. PLDH was detected using the PCR method. Results: One sample previously reported to contain P. falciparum trophozoites under microscopic examination showed positive results in PfLDH testing. Conclusion: The parasite of P. falciparum was found capable of living up to the erythrocytic phase and forming PfLDH in the Etawa crossbreeds.
International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences, 2021
Ascarids are commonly diagnosed in dogs and cats. Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati eggs are simil... more Ascarids are commonly diagnosed in dogs and cats. Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati eggs are similar, and the difference between the two species is based on the morphological characteristics of adult roundworms. Specific morphological components can be revealed by light microscopy, but a detailed description of the structural characteristics can be provided by electron microscopy. The body of adult roundworms dehydrates highly quickly, thus it is quite difficult to obtain clear images. The aim of this study was to provide morphological details specific to the Toxocara genus to complete the knowledge about the morphology of roundworms. The morphology of these nematodes can be thoroughly explained by certain phenomena related to their biological cycle and the preference for localization in various organs of the parasitic host.
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Papers by Yagoob Garedaghi