Bluegrass
Musik Bluegrass adalah sebuah bentuk dari musik turunan Amerika, dan genre terkait musik country. Dipengaruhi oleh musik Appalachia,[1] bluegrass memiliki turunan akar dalam musik tradisional Irlandia, Skotlandia dan Inggris,[2] dan juga kemudian terpengaruhi oleh musik Afrika-Amerika[3] melalui pemasukan unsur-unsur jazz.
| Bluegrass | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Sumber aliran | Tradisional Inggris, tradisional Skotlandia, tradisional Irlandia, Musik Appalachia, musik old-time, musik Afrika-Amerika, string band, blues, jazz |
| Sumber kebudayaan | ca 1945, Amerika Serikat |
| Alat musik yang biasa digunakan | Fiddle, banjo, mandolin, gitar akustik, dobro, double bass |
| Subgenre | |
| Genre campuran (fusion) | |
| Jam band | |
| Versi regional | |
| Republik Ceko | |
| Topik lainnya | |
| Para musisi – Hall of Honor | |
Para pemukim dari Inggris dan Irlandia datang ke Appalachia pada abad ke-18, dan membawakan tradisi musik dari tanah air mereka.[4] Tradisi-tradisi tersebu biasanya terdiri dari ballad-ballad Inggris dan Skotlandia—yang tak secara khas disertai naratif—dan musik tari, seperti tari reel asal Irlandia, yang disertai dengan sebuah gesekan.[5] Beberapa lagu bluegrass lama datang langsung dari Kepulauan Britania. Beberapa ballad bluegrass Appalachia, seperti "Pretty Saro", "Cuckoo Bird" dan "House Carpenter", datang dari Inggris dan menyajikan tradisi ballad Inggris dalam hal melodi dan lirik.[6] Yang lainnya, seperti The Two Sisters, juga datang dari Inggris; namun, liriknya tentang Irlandia.[7] Beberapa lagu gesekan bluegrass yang populer di Appalachia, seperti "Leather Britches", dan "Pretty Polly", memiliki turunan Skotlandia.[8] Nada tari Cumberland Gap datang dari nada yang disertai ballad Skotlandia Bonnie George Campbell.[9] Lagu-lagu lainnya memiliki nama berbeda di tempat berbeda; contohnya di Inggris, terdapat sebuah ballad lama yang dikenal sebagai "A Brisk Young Sailor Courted Me", tetapi lagu yang sama dalam bluegrass Amerika Utara dikenal sebagai "I Wish My Baby Was Born".[10]
Referensi
sunting- Artis, B. (1975). Bluegrass. NY: Hawthorne Books, Inc.
- Cantwell, R. (1996). When we were good: The folk revival. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Cantwell, R. (1984). Bluegrass breakdown: The making of the old southern sound. Chicago: University Illinois Press.
- Kingsbury, Paul (2004). The Encyclopedia of Country Music: The Ultimate Guide to the Music. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517608-1.
- Price, S. D. (1975). Old as the hills: The story of bluegrass music. NY: The Viking Press.
- Rosenberg, Neil (1985). Bluegrass: A History. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-00265-2.
- van der Merwe, Peter (1989). Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-316121-4.
- Trischka, Tony, Wernick, Pete, (1988) Masters of the 5-String Banjo, Oak Publications. ISBN 0-8256-0298-X.
Catatan
sunting- ^ Robert Cantwell, Bluegrass Breakdown: The Making of the Old Southern Sound (University of Illinois Press, 2002), pgs 65-66.
- ^ Musicologist Cecil Sharp collected hundreds of folk songs in the Appalachian region, and observed that the musical tradition of the people "seems to point to the North of England, or to the Lowlands, rather than the Highlands, of Scotland, as the country from which they originally migrated. For the Appalachian tunes...have far more affinity with the normal English folk-tune than with that of the Gaelic-speaking Highlander." Olive Dame Campbell & Cecil J. Sharp, English Folk Songs from the Southern Appalachians, Comprising 122 Songs and Ballads, and 323 Tunes, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1917, pg xviii.
- ^ Nemerov, Bruce (2009). "Field Recordings of Southern Black Music". A Tennessee folklore sampler: selections from the Tennessee folklore society. Univ. of Tennessee Press. hlm. 323–324. ISBN 9781572336681. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-22.
- ^ Sweet, Stephen. "Bluegrass music and its misguided representation of Appalachia". web.a.ebscohost.com.libezp.lib.lsu.edu. Diakses tanggal 2017-02-11.
- ^ Ted Olson, "Music — Introduction". Encyclopedia of Appalachia (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2006), pp. 1109–1120.
- ^ Goldsmith, Thomas (February 6, 2005). "The beauty and mystery of ballads". The Raleigh News & Observer. hlm. G5.
- ^ Joseph Jacobs, English Fairy Tales, transcript
- ^ Cecelia Conway, "Celtic Influences". Encyclopedia of Appalachia (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee, 2006), p. 1132.
- ^ Song notes in Bascom Lamar Lunsford: Ballads, Banjo Tunes, and Sacred Songs of Western North Carolina [CD liner notes]. Smithsonian Folkways, 1996.
- ^ the version performed by Tim Eriksen, Riley Baugus and Tim O'Brien for the Cold Mountain Soundtrack was based on this song and is lyrically identical to it
Pranala luar
sunting- Official nonprofit partner of Great Smoky Mountains National Park archival recordings Diarsipkan 2016-03-29 di Wayback Machine.
- Bluegrass di Curlie (dari DMOZ)
- Folk & Bluegrass Music Diarsipkan 2017-07-11 di Wayback Machine. - Discuss, share and learn about folk and bluegrass music
- Powergrass
- WAMU's Bluegrass Country
- The Bluegrass Gospel Hour