ABSTRACT Using of wireless sensor networks in extreme and inaccessible environments usually has e... more ABSTRACT Using of wireless sensor networks in extreme and inaccessible environments usually has energy issues of some kind. The IEEE 802.15.4 is designed in general to fulfill this requirement of low data rate ad hoc networks, i.e., a low complex system with ultralow-power consumption. Similar to all IEEE standards, however, IEEE 802.15.4 comes with many flexible variables for optimized local solution such that its beacon-enabled duty cycle mode power management mechanism. Here, we propose a novel adaptive duty cycle algorithm making maximum use of network traffic for automatically adjusting the duty cycle for minimum energy. The system simulation results show superiority of the proposed algorithm for reducing the energy consumption and increasing the throughput for comparative techniques in the literature.
ABSTRACT We know from traditional network management that the quality of a complex system built o... more ABSTRACT We know from traditional network management that the quality of a complex system built on different sub-systems is dictated by the quality of the weakest part. Nowadays our lives, businesses and many promising applications throughout the world depend on the availability of different parts of an interconnecting scheme, for example the global Internet and associated services. With so many long-term heavy investment programs and hopes already built, communities are now heavily reliant on the sustainability of a hugely complex networking system. Now that real use of these ever growing networks is expanding, and promising use and applications are on the horizon, we need much tighter reliability on each component from personal, local, national, international and global interconnecting networks.
ABSTRACT Body Area Sensor Networks (BASN) with miniature sensors providing wireless communication... more ABSTRACT Body Area Sensor Networks (BASN) with miniature sensors providing wireless communications capabilities have become a promising tool for monitoring and logging vital parameters of patients suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma, and heart diseases. Particularly, as the technical development in BASN, a low-cost, high-quality, convenient Electrocardiographic (ECG) diagnosis system becomes a future major tool for healthcare systems. However, numerous important research issues remain to be addressed in BASN for ECG transmissions. Among these, communication energy efficiency and security are the most concerning issues. In this chapter, the authors introduce, survey, and analyze effective cross-layer strategies for wireless ECG transmissions in BASN. The key idea of these cross-layer communication techniques is to take advantage of both source data properties and communication strategies for the optimization of the system energy efficiency while providing secure wireless ECG transmissions. The goal of improving communication energy efficiency is achieved by matching the source coding of ECG signals with the channel coding strategy. In addition one can leverage biometric ECG properties to implement an energy-efficient cross-layer security strategy. As an example the authors showcase two security methods in this chapter---selective encryption and self-authentication. Thanks to the dependency property of the compressed ECG data, a selective encryption algorithm needs only to be applied on a very small portion of the transmitted data, and at the same time it provides a level of security equivalent to traditional full-scale encryption using block or stream ciphers without the burden of the associated energy and computational expense. In the example authentication scheme, sensors for the same body can authenticate each other by common traits such as inter-pulse intervals. The authors analyzed the proposed cross-layer techniques for ECG transmissions and validated the achieved energy efficiency improvements by both simulation and experimental results.
ABSTRACT Smart space approach to the deployment of new technologies in future educational systems... more ABSTRACT Smart space approach to the deployment of new technologies in future educational systems requires true technological innovation and a practical way to embed the required sensing and actuating devices. Augmented reality (AR) as a new technology, an extension to these devices, has been used in this paper to create a smart environment for integrating practical indoor exercises with the learning courses of classic education to improve students' health. Modelling our statistical measurement results of the Cardiorespiratory Endurance (CRE) for six groups of students provides the main purpose of this paper which facilitates the impact maximization of our AR-integrated exercising education system to help to design future courses in a basic but most effective way to allocate the best set of exercises for each student. Using the new method shows the stepping exercise can expect to gain male students a heart performance of 16.89% over the traditional method for an average maximum of as high as 21.37% heart performance improvement. In some specific cases of extreme physical conditions the student would be advised to take few specific exercises only.
ABSTRACT The rapid growth of elderly populations throughout the world necessitates inclusion of t... more ABSTRACT The rapid growth of elderly populations throughout the world necessitates inclusion of this sector in all active functions of communities. However, lack of physical and mental fitness threatens their effectiveness is making them to drain the community resources instead of positive and productive contributions. Our studies show the need for a massive large-scale boost in two main dimensions of physical and mental health enhancement. In order to solve this problem, in this paper we propose a new low-cost and innovative adoption of augmented reality (AR) functions through an agile deployment of mobile-based augmented reality (mAR) embedded in massively available intelligent smartphones. In our proposed method a set of downloadable AR-enabled embedded learning and exercising programs, designed upon users’ historical and habitual improvement data would enable a collective sequence of required activities and individually optimized. At the system design level upon the individually recorded data in various databases select and configure the most suitable set of downloadable programs—a combination of mental and physical activities. From our experiment we provide some of our statistical results for two distinct application areas of mAR: ‘exercising-rehab’ and ‘lifelong learning’. Three sets of results show the age related results for three user critical features of ‘ease of use’, ‘usefulness’ and ‘user attitude’. Further analysis of data through modeling helps us to provide a systematic design procedure based on user’s age in conjunction with other variables.
ABSTRACT Using of wireless sensor networks in extreme and inaccessible environments usually has e... more ABSTRACT Using of wireless sensor networks in extreme and inaccessible environments usually has energy issues of some kind. The IEEE 802.15.4 is designed in general to fulfill this requirement of low data rate ad hoc networks, i.e., a low complex system with ultralow-power consumption. Similar to all IEEE standards, however, IEEE 802.15.4 comes with many flexible variables for optimized local solution such that its beacon-enabled duty cycle mode power management mechanism. Here, we propose a novel adaptive duty cycle algorithm making maximum use of network traffic for automatically adjusting the duty cycle for minimum energy. The system simulation results show superiority of the proposed algorithm for reducing the energy consumption and increasing the throughput for comparative techniques in the literature.
ABSTRACT We know from traditional network management that the quality of a complex system built o... more ABSTRACT We know from traditional network management that the quality of a complex system built on different sub-systems is dictated by the quality of the weakest part. Nowadays our lives, businesses and many promising applications throughout the world depend on the availability of different parts of an interconnecting scheme, for example the global Internet and associated services. With so many long-term heavy investment programs and hopes already built, communities are now heavily reliant on the sustainability of a hugely complex networking system. Now that real use of these ever growing networks is expanding, and promising use and applications are on the horizon, we need much tighter reliability on each component from personal, local, national, international and global interconnecting networks.
ABSTRACT Body Area Sensor Networks (BASN) with miniature sensors providing wireless communication... more ABSTRACT Body Area Sensor Networks (BASN) with miniature sensors providing wireless communications capabilities have become a promising tool for monitoring and logging vital parameters of patients suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma, and heart diseases. Particularly, as the technical development in BASN, a low-cost, high-quality, convenient Electrocardiographic (ECG) diagnosis system becomes a future major tool for healthcare systems. However, numerous important research issues remain to be addressed in BASN for ECG transmissions. Among these, communication energy efficiency and security are the most concerning issues. In this chapter, the authors introduce, survey, and analyze effective cross-layer strategies for wireless ECG transmissions in BASN. The key idea of these cross-layer communication techniques is to take advantage of both source data properties and communication strategies for the optimization of the system energy efficiency while providing secure wireless ECG transmissions. The goal of improving communication energy efficiency is achieved by matching the source coding of ECG signals with the channel coding strategy. In addition one can leverage biometric ECG properties to implement an energy-efficient cross-layer security strategy. As an example the authors showcase two security methods in this chapter---selective encryption and self-authentication. Thanks to the dependency property of the compressed ECG data, a selective encryption algorithm needs only to be applied on a very small portion of the transmitted data, and at the same time it provides a level of security equivalent to traditional full-scale encryption using block or stream ciphers without the burden of the associated energy and computational expense. In the example authentication scheme, sensors for the same body can authenticate each other by common traits such as inter-pulse intervals. The authors analyzed the proposed cross-layer techniques for ECG transmissions and validated the achieved energy efficiency improvements by both simulation and experimental results.
ABSTRACT Smart space approach to the deployment of new technologies in future educational systems... more ABSTRACT Smart space approach to the deployment of new technologies in future educational systems requires true technological innovation and a practical way to embed the required sensing and actuating devices. Augmented reality (AR) as a new technology, an extension to these devices, has been used in this paper to create a smart environment for integrating practical indoor exercises with the learning courses of classic education to improve students' health. Modelling our statistical measurement results of the Cardiorespiratory Endurance (CRE) for six groups of students provides the main purpose of this paper which facilitates the impact maximization of our AR-integrated exercising education system to help to design future courses in a basic but most effective way to allocate the best set of exercises for each student. Using the new method shows the stepping exercise can expect to gain male students a heart performance of 16.89% over the traditional method for an average maximum of as high as 21.37% heart performance improvement. In some specific cases of extreme physical conditions the student would be advised to take few specific exercises only.
ABSTRACT The rapid growth of elderly populations throughout the world necessitates inclusion of t... more ABSTRACT The rapid growth of elderly populations throughout the world necessitates inclusion of this sector in all active functions of communities. However, lack of physical and mental fitness threatens their effectiveness is making them to drain the community resources instead of positive and productive contributions. Our studies show the need for a massive large-scale boost in two main dimensions of physical and mental health enhancement. In order to solve this problem, in this paper we propose a new low-cost and innovative adoption of augmented reality (AR) functions through an agile deployment of mobile-based augmented reality (mAR) embedded in massively available intelligent smartphones. In our proposed method a set of downloadable AR-enabled embedded learning and exercising programs, designed upon users’ historical and habitual improvement data would enable a collective sequence of required activities and individually optimized. At the system design level upon the individually recorded data in various databases select and configure the most suitable set of downloadable programs—a combination of mental and physical activities. From our experiment we provide some of our statistical results for two distinct application areas of mAR: ‘exercising-rehab’ and ‘lifelong learning’. Three sets of results show the age related results for three user critical features of ‘ease of use’, ‘usefulness’ and ‘user attitude’. Further analysis of data through modeling helps us to provide a systematic design procedure based on user’s age in conjunction with other variables.
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Papers by Habib Rashvand