ABSTRACT The raisin quality affected by many factors like, quality of grapes, drying environment,... more ABSTRACT The raisin quality affected by many factors like, quality of grapes, drying environment, storage and packing etc. Grapes constituents affect not only taste but recovery of raisins also. The vineyard factors have own impact on quality of dried grapes. The factors in vineards which affect the quality of raisins are discussed in present article.
Cultivation of 'Red Globe' grapes are gaining popularity in India's mild tropical cli... more Cultivation of 'Red Globe' grapes are gaining popularity in India's mild tropical climate owing to its bold berries, attractive red colour, and better shelf life, thus fetching a better price in the market. 'Dogridge' is the preferred rootstock in India because of its wide adaptability to different soils and climatic conditions, besides its tolerance to drought and salinity. Though most of the commercial grape varieties are grafted on 'Dogridge' rootstock, the success of grafting 'Red Globe' onto 'Dogridge' is little, or it needs repeated grafting for vineyard establishment. Hence, to improve the grafting success on 'Dogridge' rootstock, we tried different combinations of scion treatments. The scions were treated with cytokinin compounds like kinetin or benzyl amino purine (BAP) or a combination of hormones with scion preconditioning or etiolating and compared with the control. Among these treatments, scions preconditioned on mothe...
Area under wine grape cultivation is increasing in semiarid tropical regions of India. There is l... more Area under wine grape cultivation is increasing in semiarid tropical regions of India. There is lack of information on role of rootstocks influencing must composition and thereby wine quality under such climatic conditions. Majority of area under table grape cultivation is grafted on Dogridge rootstock, which is also been used for wine grapes. Grapes harvested from vines grafted on Dogridge were known to possess high potassium resulting in high pH which has adverse effect on wine quality. Hence, this study was initiated to understand fruit composition and wine quality of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes grafted with each of the rootstocks 101-14Mgt, 1103P, 110R, 140Ru, Fercal, Gravesac and SO4. Rootstocks significantly influenced many of the must composition parameters such as sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds, potassium and pH. Significant and positive correlation was observed between potassium content, juice pH and malic acid. Rootstocks 101-14 Mgt and Gravesac accumula...
The difficulty in obtaining high quality proteins from recalcitrant plant species like grape (Vit... more The difficulty in obtaining high quality proteins from recalcitrant plant species like grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is mainly due to low concentration of proteins, high activity of proteases and high level of interfering compounds, such as, pigments, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids etc. Utilization of 2-dimentional electrophoresis (2DE) technique in proteome analysis largely depends on more efficient and optimized preparation of samples, which is regarded as one of the most important step for obtaining reliable information on proteins. In the present study, four different previously published protein extraction protocols and commercial protein extraction kits were compared to identify the most suitable protocol for protein extraction from different grape tissues, such as, leaves, buds, clusters and berries. Of the five protocols compared, resolution of protein in 1 dimension and 2 dimension gel was improved with modified trichloro acetic acid/acetone precipitation with phenol extracti...
GA3 is a commonly used plant growth hormone for berry elongation in grapes. However, the basic mo... more GA3 is a commonly used plant growth hormone for berry elongation in grapes. However, the basic molecular mechanism behind GA3 mediated berry-sizing is unclear. In current study, bunches of Thompson Seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) were sprayed with 25 ppm GA3 at 3-4 mm berry stage and berry samples were harvested at 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h after application. Among the detected 1935 proteins, 129 proteins were successfully identified with significant abundance at least one application time point. These proteins were assigned to carbohydrate metabolism, primary amino acid metabolism, photosynthesis related proteins, citric acid cycle, phenylpropanoid, and defense related pathways. Consequently, current study offers the identification of GA3 responsive proteins at berry stage and assesses the time course of proteome modulation during berry elongation by using proteomic approach.
Rootstock usage in grape cultivation in most of the grape growing regions of the world was starte... more Rootstock usage in grape cultivation in most of the grape growing regions of the world was started in Europe in late 1800’s when thousands of acres of grapes were affected by incidence of soil borne pest namely phylloxera root louse. From then onwards use of rootstocks was inevitable in those countries to overcome many biotic stresses such as nematodes, root rots, diseases etc. But, in many of the semiarid and arid climatic conditions where grape is grown on large scale, abiotic stresses such as soil and water salinity, water scarcity are the major constraints. Poor vine growth, severe foliar damage due to excess salt accumulation coupled with drastic reduction in productive life span of own rooted grapevines necessitated the use of rootstocks to combat these abiotic stresses also. Many of the grape rootstocks are known to possess drought and salt tolerant traits which can be seen on grafted scions through several mechanisms at both cellular and whole plant level. The present review focuses on mechanism of rootstocks to overcome adverse situations of moisture stress and salinity stress at morphological, physio-biochemical, nutritional and molecular level.
Continuous withholding of irrigation after October pruning seems to be unfavorable for improving ... more Continuous withholding of irrigation after October pruning seems to be unfavorable for improving the quantity and quality of grapes grafted on rootstocks even with as many as 15 leaves on fruit-bearing shoots. Partial withholding of irrigation at different stages may improve quality of grapes and can also save the irrigation water. With normal irrigation and proper management practices even 10 leaves above the bunch on fruit-bearing shoots can improve the quality of grapes, minimizing the loss of water through transpiration by extra 5 leaves. Regarding the pattern of berry growth, it was same in all types of shoots. However, more number of leaves contribute to berry growth maximum upto 90 days after pruning and after varaison it was same in all types of shoots.
The experiment was conducted during the year 2009–11 to study the response of Thompson Seedless g... more The experiment was conducted during the year 2009–11 to study the response of Thompson Seedless grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted on Dog Ridge rootstock to varying levels of mycorrhizal root treatment (0.25 g/lit, 0.50 g/lit, 0.75 g/lit and 1.00 g/lit) at the farm of National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune. The treatment with mycorrhizal roots brought about considerable increase in the vegetative growth, yield/vine, biochemical changes in the shoots and microbial load in soil. Among the various treatments, the best results were obtained in 0.75 g/lit of mycorrhizal treatment. Application of mycorrhiza to the vine helped to increase nutrient uptake in shoots. The increase in nutrient assimilation resulted in better growth of the vines which enhanced the quality of fruit and yield/vine. The use of mycorrhizal inoculants resulted in increased growth, fruitfulness and yield in Thompson Seedless grapes as compared to the control treatment.
Studies on inverted bottleneck symptom with different degrees of stock: scion ratios were conduct... more Studies on inverted bottleneck symptom with different degrees of stock: scion ratios were conducted in Tas-A-Ganesh grafted on Dogridge and 1613 C rootstocks. Incidence of inverted bottleneck symptom was more on Dogridge than in 1613 C indicating Dogridge imparts more vigour to scions. The performance of vines with different degrees of stock: scion ratios did not show any significant difference in growth and yield parameters indicating that different degrees of stock: scion ratios does not have effect on growth and yield of grafted vines. A long-term study in this line is needed to know the influence of inverted bottleneck symptom on performance of vines with respect to yield and quality.
ABSTRACT The raisin quality affected by many factors like, quality of grapes, drying environment,... more ABSTRACT The raisin quality affected by many factors like, quality of grapes, drying environment, storage and packing etc. Grapes constituents affect not only taste but recovery of raisins also. The vineyard factors have own impact on quality of dried grapes. The factors in vineards which affect the quality of raisins are discussed in present article.
Cultivation of 'Red Globe' grapes are gaining popularity in India's mild tropical cli... more Cultivation of 'Red Globe' grapes are gaining popularity in India's mild tropical climate owing to its bold berries, attractive red colour, and better shelf life, thus fetching a better price in the market. 'Dogridge' is the preferred rootstock in India because of its wide adaptability to different soils and climatic conditions, besides its tolerance to drought and salinity. Though most of the commercial grape varieties are grafted on 'Dogridge' rootstock, the success of grafting 'Red Globe' onto 'Dogridge' is little, or it needs repeated grafting for vineyard establishment. Hence, to improve the grafting success on 'Dogridge' rootstock, we tried different combinations of scion treatments. The scions were treated with cytokinin compounds like kinetin or benzyl amino purine (BAP) or a combination of hormones with scion preconditioning or etiolating and compared with the control. Among these treatments, scions preconditioned on mothe...
Area under wine grape cultivation is increasing in semiarid tropical regions of India. There is l... more Area under wine grape cultivation is increasing in semiarid tropical regions of India. There is lack of information on role of rootstocks influencing must composition and thereby wine quality under such climatic conditions. Majority of area under table grape cultivation is grafted on Dogridge rootstock, which is also been used for wine grapes. Grapes harvested from vines grafted on Dogridge were known to possess high potassium resulting in high pH which has adverse effect on wine quality. Hence, this study was initiated to understand fruit composition and wine quality of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes grafted with each of the rootstocks 101-14Mgt, 1103P, 110R, 140Ru, Fercal, Gravesac and SO4. Rootstocks significantly influenced many of the must composition parameters such as sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds, potassium and pH. Significant and positive correlation was observed between potassium content, juice pH and malic acid. Rootstocks 101-14 Mgt and Gravesac accumula...
The difficulty in obtaining high quality proteins from recalcitrant plant species like grape (Vit... more The difficulty in obtaining high quality proteins from recalcitrant plant species like grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is mainly due to low concentration of proteins, high activity of proteases and high level of interfering compounds, such as, pigments, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids etc. Utilization of 2-dimentional electrophoresis (2DE) technique in proteome analysis largely depends on more efficient and optimized preparation of samples, which is regarded as one of the most important step for obtaining reliable information on proteins. In the present study, four different previously published protein extraction protocols and commercial protein extraction kits were compared to identify the most suitable protocol for protein extraction from different grape tissues, such as, leaves, buds, clusters and berries. Of the five protocols compared, resolution of protein in 1 dimension and 2 dimension gel was improved with modified trichloro acetic acid/acetone precipitation with phenol extracti...
GA3 is a commonly used plant growth hormone for berry elongation in grapes. However, the basic mo... more GA3 is a commonly used plant growth hormone for berry elongation in grapes. However, the basic molecular mechanism behind GA3 mediated berry-sizing is unclear. In current study, bunches of Thompson Seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) were sprayed with 25 ppm GA3 at 3-4 mm berry stage and berry samples were harvested at 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h after application. Among the detected 1935 proteins, 129 proteins were successfully identified with significant abundance at least one application time point. These proteins were assigned to carbohydrate metabolism, primary amino acid metabolism, photosynthesis related proteins, citric acid cycle, phenylpropanoid, and defense related pathways. Consequently, current study offers the identification of GA3 responsive proteins at berry stage and assesses the time course of proteome modulation during berry elongation by using proteomic approach.
Rootstock usage in grape cultivation in most of the grape growing regions of the world was starte... more Rootstock usage in grape cultivation in most of the grape growing regions of the world was started in Europe in late 1800’s when thousands of acres of grapes were affected by incidence of soil borne pest namely phylloxera root louse. From then onwards use of rootstocks was inevitable in those countries to overcome many biotic stresses such as nematodes, root rots, diseases etc. But, in many of the semiarid and arid climatic conditions where grape is grown on large scale, abiotic stresses such as soil and water salinity, water scarcity are the major constraints. Poor vine growth, severe foliar damage due to excess salt accumulation coupled with drastic reduction in productive life span of own rooted grapevines necessitated the use of rootstocks to combat these abiotic stresses also. Many of the grape rootstocks are known to possess drought and salt tolerant traits which can be seen on grafted scions through several mechanisms at both cellular and whole plant level. The present review focuses on mechanism of rootstocks to overcome adverse situations of moisture stress and salinity stress at morphological, physio-biochemical, nutritional and molecular level.
Continuous withholding of irrigation after October pruning seems to be unfavorable for improving ... more Continuous withholding of irrigation after October pruning seems to be unfavorable for improving the quantity and quality of grapes grafted on rootstocks even with as many as 15 leaves on fruit-bearing shoots. Partial withholding of irrigation at different stages may improve quality of grapes and can also save the irrigation water. With normal irrigation and proper management practices even 10 leaves above the bunch on fruit-bearing shoots can improve the quality of grapes, minimizing the loss of water through transpiration by extra 5 leaves. Regarding the pattern of berry growth, it was same in all types of shoots. However, more number of leaves contribute to berry growth maximum upto 90 days after pruning and after varaison it was same in all types of shoots.
The experiment was conducted during the year 2009–11 to study the response of Thompson Seedless g... more The experiment was conducted during the year 2009–11 to study the response of Thompson Seedless grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted on Dog Ridge rootstock to varying levels of mycorrhizal root treatment (0.25 g/lit, 0.50 g/lit, 0.75 g/lit and 1.00 g/lit) at the farm of National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune. The treatment with mycorrhizal roots brought about considerable increase in the vegetative growth, yield/vine, biochemical changes in the shoots and microbial load in soil. Among the various treatments, the best results were obtained in 0.75 g/lit of mycorrhizal treatment. Application of mycorrhiza to the vine helped to increase nutrient uptake in shoots. The increase in nutrient assimilation resulted in better growth of the vines which enhanced the quality of fruit and yield/vine. The use of mycorrhizal inoculants resulted in increased growth, fruitfulness and yield in Thompson Seedless grapes as compared to the control treatment.
Studies on inverted bottleneck symptom with different degrees of stock: scion ratios were conduct... more Studies on inverted bottleneck symptom with different degrees of stock: scion ratios were conducted in Tas-A-Ganesh grafted on Dogridge and 1613 C rootstocks. Incidence of inverted bottleneck symptom was more on Dogridge than in 1613 C indicating Dogridge imparts more vigour to scions. The performance of vines with different degrees of stock: scion ratios did not show any significant difference in growth and yield parameters indicating that different degrees of stock: scion ratios does not have effect on growth and yield of grafted vines. A long-term study in this line is needed to know the influence of inverted bottleneck symptom on performance of vines with respect to yield and quality.
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