A statistical approach is about working through the historical data and finding guides to future ... more A statistical approach is about working through the historical data and finding guides to future behaviour. In the present study, five statistical techniques i.e. Single Exponential Smoothing (SES), Adaptive Response Rate Single Exponential Smoothing (ARRSES), Holt's Linear Method (HLM) ARX (Auto Regressive eXogenous) Model and Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) are adopted for predicting the urban air quality over Delhi. Considering the uncertainty and unavailability of most of the inputs of deterministic and advance statistical techniques, the methods adopted here are proposed to have great potential for air quality forecasting. In air pollution problems, the air quality models are used to predict concentrations of one or more species in space and time as related to the dependent variables. They form one of the most important components of an urban air quality management plan. There are two types of mathematical models used in Air Quality Modelling i.e. Determi...
Noise pollution is a growing problem across the world and one which many people may not be aware ... more Noise pollution is a growing problem across the world and one which many people may not be aware of the impacts on their health. The environmental noise, and in particular the road traffic noise, remains a major environmental problem affecting the health and well-being of millions of people. With this background, a comprehensive ‘noise pollution assessment study’ was undertaken for a busy traffic corridor of Ahmedabad city of India. The traffic corridor which spans around 22.25 km passes through a mix of different areas like educational, commercials and residential. A two week long field survey was carried out on this corridor during 10-23 May, 2018 at 24 locations spread over the entire corridor. The assessment reveals that the average noise level always exceeded the prescribed guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) for the daytime noise (75 dB (A) for Industrial area, 65 dB (A) for Commercial area, 55 dB (A) for Residential area and 50 dB (A) for Silence zones), which is qu...
The untreated wastewater from the dye industry having high ammoniacal nitrogen and chemical oxyge... more The untreated wastewater from the dye industry having high ammoniacal nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) significantly pollutes the receiving water, such as a river, having major ill implications on the aquatic environment. The present study is undertaken to address this problem. It investigates the effectiveness of Fenton reagent in simultaneous treatment (removal) of ammoniacal nitrogen and COD present in the wastewater by varying the parameters like pH, concentration of Fe 2+ and H2O2 and their molar ratio. The reaction time for all the experiments was kept 60 min. The experimental analysis in terms of calculating the residual % of ammoniacal nitrogen and COD revealed that the maximum reduction occurred at pH 3. At this pH, further set of experiments were performed by varying the molar doses of Fe2+/H2O2 as 1:1, 3:3 and 5:5, and the results reveal that the maximum reduction in both ammoniacal nitrogen and COD happens at molar dose of 3:3. To understand the effect of the co...
The rapid expansion of urban areas due to rise in population and economic growth is increasing ad... more The rapid expansion of urban areas due to rise in population and economic growth is increasing additional demand on natural resources thereby causing land-use changes especially in megacities. Therefore, serious problems associated with rapid ...
The local temperature is one of the major climatic elements to record the changes in the atmosphe... more The local temperature is one of the major climatic elements to record the changes in the atmospheric environment brought about by industrialization, increasing population and massive urbanization. The present study deals with the annual and seasonal temperature trends ...
A field campaign was undertaken during summer, May 2008 named DELHI-I (Delhi Experiments to Learn... more A field campaign was undertaken during summer, May 2008 named DELHI-I (Delhi Experiments to Learn Heat Island Intensity I) to understand the latest intensity and dynamics of heat-island phenomena in Delhi, Surface meteorological observations were performed using ...
A statistical approach is about working through the historical data in a general way and finding ... more A statistical approach is about working through the historical data in a general way and finding guides to future behaviour. In the present study, forecasting of the criteria pollutants has been done using simple statistical techniques and attempt has been made for an inter ...
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Jul 1, 2007
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is an index for reporting daily air quality. A study on the annual an... more The Air Quality Index (AQI) is an index for reporting daily air quality. A study on the annual and seasonal variations of Air Quality Index over a period of 9 years (1996–2004) based on daily averaged concentration data of criteria air pollutants has been conducted for Delhi. An attempt has been made to quantify the changes in the AQI on annual and seasonal (winter, summer, monsoon and post monsoon) basis for 9 years. Measurements for the seven monitoring sites (Nizamuddin, Ashok Vihar, Shahzada Baug, Shahadara, Janakpuri, Sirifort and ITO) in Delhi were analysed and trends were also compared amongst these sites. Maximum Operator Function method was used to compute the Air Quality Index of the above areas and percentage variations in different severity class is discussed which provides in depth analysis of the trends. The best air quality was depicted by Shahzada Baug followed by Shahdara, both of these were classified as industrial areas indicating that policy measures relating to ...
There is a global change in the climate and cities are looked as the key culprits of this change.... more There is a global change in the climate and cities are looked as the key culprits of this change. Indiawill undergo an immense urbanization in the coming decades, doubling its urbanpopulation by 2050. Thus it is very important to understand the dynamics of the changing urban climate of Indian cities. With this background, the present urban climate change study is conducted for the Vadodara city located in the state of Gujarat, Indiausing the hourly Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) and Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) available at 00-hr, 03-hr, 06-hr, 09-hr, 12-hr, 15-hr, 18-hr and 21-hr for a period of 37 years (1969-2006). The hourly DBT and WBT for the 12 months were bunched on hourly-monthlybasis (thereby having 192 specific bunches) for the study period which were then analyzed using the Mann-Kendall trend test at different confidence limits (90%, 95% and 99%). The findings reveal that there is an overall increase in the temperature of the city as for 78% of the time the DBT had an increasi...
A statistical approach is about working through the historical data and finding guides to future ... more A statistical approach is about working through the historical data and finding guides to future behaviour. In the present study, five statistical techniques i.e. Single Exponential Smoothing (SES), Adaptive Response Rate Single Exponential Smoothing (ARRSES), Holt's Linear Method (HLM) ARX (Auto Regressive eXogenous) Model and Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) are adopted for predicting the urban air quality over Delhi. Considering the uncertainty and unavailability of most of the inputs of deterministic and advance statistical techniques, the methods adopted here are proposed to have great potential for air quality forecasting. In air pollution problems, the air quality models are used to predict concentrations of one or more species in space and time as related to the dependent variables. They form one of the most important components of an urban air quality management plan. There are two types of mathematical models used in Air Quality Modelling i.e. Determi...
Noise pollution is a growing problem across the world and one which many people may not be aware ... more Noise pollution is a growing problem across the world and one which many people may not be aware of the impacts on their health. The environmental noise, and in particular the road traffic noise, remains a major environmental problem affecting the health and well-being of millions of people. With this background, a comprehensive ‘noise pollution assessment study’ was undertaken for a busy traffic corridor of Ahmedabad city of India. The traffic corridor which spans around 22.25 km passes through a mix of different areas like educational, commercials and residential. A two week long field survey was carried out on this corridor during 10-23 May, 2018 at 24 locations spread over the entire corridor. The assessment reveals that the average noise level always exceeded the prescribed guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) for the daytime noise (75 dB (A) for Industrial area, 65 dB (A) for Commercial area, 55 dB (A) for Residential area and 50 dB (A) for Silence zones), which is qu...
The untreated wastewater from the dye industry having high ammoniacal nitrogen and chemical oxyge... more The untreated wastewater from the dye industry having high ammoniacal nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) significantly pollutes the receiving water, such as a river, having major ill implications on the aquatic environment. The present study is undertaken to address this problem. It investigates the effectiveness of Fenton reagent in simultaneous treatment (removal) of ammoniacal nitrogen and COD present in the wastewater by varying the parameters like pH, concentration of Fe 2+ and H2O2 and their molar ratio. The reaction time for all the experiments was kept 60 min. The experimental analysis in terms of calculating the residual % of ammoniacal nitrogen and COD revealed that the maximum reduction occurred at pH 3. At this pH, further set of experiments were performed by varying the molar doses of Fe2+/H2O2 as 1:1, 3:3 and 5:5, and the results reveal that the maximum reduction in both ammoniacal nitrogen and COD happens at molar dose of 3:3. To understand the effect of the co...
The rapid expansion of urban areas due to rise in population and economic growth is increasing ad... more The rapid expansion of urban areas due to rise in population and economic growth is increasing additional demand on natural resources thereby causing land-use changes especially in megacities. Therefore, serious problems associated with rapid ...
The local temperature is one of the major climatic elements to record the changes in the atmosphe... more The local temperature is one of the major climatic elements to record the changes in the atmospheric environment brought about by industrialization, increasing population and massive urbanization. The present study deals with the annual and seasonal temperature trends ...
A field campaign was undertaken during summer, May 2008 named DELHI-I (Delhi Experiments to Learn... more A field campaign was undertaken during summer, May 2008 named DELHI-I (Delhi Experiments to Learn Heat Island Intensity I) to understand the latest intensity and dynamics of heat-island phenomena in Delhi, Surface meteorological observations were performed using ...
A statistical approach is about working through the historical data in a general way and finding ... more A statistical approach is about working through the historical data in a general way and finding guides to future behaviour. In the present study, forecasting of the criteria pollutants has been done using simple statistical techniques and attempt has been made for an inter ...
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Jul 1, 2007
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is an index for reporting daily air quality. A study on the annual an... more The Air Quality Index (AQI) is an index for reporting daily air quality. A study on the annual and seasonal variations of Air Quality Index over a period of 9 years (1996–2004) based on daily averaged concentration data of criteria air pollutants has been conducted for Delhi. An attempt has been made to quantify the changes in the AQI on annual and seasonal (winter, summer, monsoon and post monsoon) basis for 9 years. Measurements for the seven monitoring sites (Nizamuddin, Ashok Vihar, Shahzada Baug, Shahadara, Janakpuri, Sirifort and ITO) in Delhi were analysed and trends were also compared amongst these sites. Maximum Operator Function method was used to compute the Air Quality Index of the above areas and percentage variations in different severity class is discussed which provides in depth analysis of the trends. The best air quality was depicted by Shahzada Baug followed by Shahdara, both of these were classified as industrial areas indicating that policy measures relating to ...
There is a global change in the climate and cities are looked as the key culprits of this change.... more There is a global change in the climate and cities are looked as the key culprits of this change. Indiawill undergo an immense urbanization in the coming decades, doubling its urbanpopulation by 2050. Thus it is very important to understand the dynamics of the changing urban climate of Indian cities. With this background, the present urban climate change study is conducted for the Vadodara city located in the state of Gujarat, Indiausing the hourly Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) and Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) available at 00-hr, 03-hr, 06-hr, 09-hr, 12-hr, 15-hr, 18-hr and 21-hr for a period of 37 years (1969-2006). The hourly DBT and WBT for the 12 months were bunched on hourly-monthlybasis (thereby having 192 specific bunches) for the study period which were then analyzed using the Mann-Kendall trend test at different confidence limits (90%, 95% and 99%). The findings reveal that there is an overall increase in the temperature of the city as for 78% of the time the DBT had an increasi...
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