Though groundnut is largely produced in the mid and low lands of West Guji Zone, its productivity... more Though groundnut is largely produced in the mid and low lands of West Guji Zone, its productivity was below expectation due to biotic and abiotic factors, lack of improved varieties and appropriate production and postharvest practices, and diseases. Therefore, this study was designed to solve three objectives: (1) to improve the productivity of groundnut technology (2) to improve farmers' knowledge of application of the improved groundnut technology (3) to develop local capacity for further promotion of groundnut technology. Abaya district was selected purposively with two kebeles based on the potentiality of groundnut production. Two farmers' research groups consisting of 10 members were established. Among the members, a total of 8 trial farmers were used whereby a land size of 0.25ha was used for each. Based on recommendation, a seed rate of 90kg/ha Tole-1 was used with a fertilizer rate of 100kg NPS/ha for the selected trial field. Both priāmary and secondary data were used where quantitative and qualitative data were generated. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and narration. The result showed that the pooled mean yields of Tole-1 technology was 26.92qt/ha where the yield across the production years was significant (p<0.05). It was concluded that the productivity of improved groundnut could be enhanced through capacity building, access to farm inputs, and linkage formation. Therefore, Tole-1 groundnut variety was recommended for further promotion in Abaya district and similar agro-ecology until alternative variety released.
This research establishes forecasting models for air-conditioning noise through training-type neu... more This research establishes forecasting models for air-conditioning noise through training-type neural networks, which can improve the accuracy of the forecast, reduce costs and time, optimize system design and improvement, improve user experience and reduce environmental impact. This study uses Matlab to build training neural networks and uses the Levenberg-Marquardt. The results showed that the neural networks built by the training methods and the data and model combination were excellent. Therefore, the neural network to establish the model for the forecast of air conditioning noise has a significant effect for future air conditioner companies in the research and improvement of the noise.
This paper uses the theory of Heat Exchangers to estimate the relationship between the outlet and... more This paper uses the theory of Heat Exchangers to estimate the relationship between the outlet and the inlet and is written in conjunction with Fluent to simulate the impact of the air conditioning system on the environment in the car. The outside environment also affects the inside of the car, and this paper experiments to obtain outlet environment data and set it as the boundary conditions. The thermal comfort index in this paper will use experimental parameters to compute the results and analyze the results of the data to address people's requirements for the quality of the driving environment and provide a better driving environment.
The article “Human Rights and Corporate Accountability: Advocating for Corporate Social Responsib... more The article “Human Rights and Corporate Accountability: Advocating for Corporate Social Responsibility” delves into the critical intersection of human rights corporate accountability and the promotion of corporate social responsibility (CSR). It explores the imperative need for responsible business conduct concerning human rights and environmental protection within the framework of CSR. The study emphasizes the challenges faced in ensuring effective investor accountability and proposes a redesign of CSR clauses to incorporate international standards of responsible conduct. By advocating for new clauses on ‘investor human rights and environmental obligations’ the article aims to enhance accountability, clarify mechanisms for foreign investor liability, and the importance of access to remedy for affected communities. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on aligning corporate practices with human rights principles, promoting ethical business conduct.
This article explores the complex relationship between human rights law and climate change. The s... more This article explores the complex relationship between human rights law and climate change. The study further examines how climate change can affect human rights, while also considering how climate change can create barriers to the enjoyment of these rights. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature and real-world case studies, the article provides a nuanced understanding of how climate change can impact human rights and offers recommendations for policymakers seeking to balance the interests of inventors and society as a whole.
With the exploitation of the internet and societal innovations and legislative shifts, it is repe... more With the exploitation of the internet and societal innovations and legislative shifts, it is repeatedly being raised as to whether and to what degree businesses and individuals can protect their intellectual property and in economic terms the worth of doing so. To date, how to capture value from IP and what can be considered an effective IP strategy are subjects for which there is no definitive answer as the solution is very much industry and firm-specific. Therefore, the primary goal of this paper is to provide a strategic perspective on intellectual property exploitation and management in a manner that is relevant to the business objectives of today's corporations. In doing this, this paper will argue that the effective management of IP is a complex process requiring a synthesis of insight from several disciplines ranging from strategy to finance and law. The argument underlying this is that in the same way that today's corporation has changed the way to strategy and management of other business assets, there too is a need to change how IP is both managed and exploited. This theme is prevalent throughout the following analysis, however, these two opening sections aim to provide a comprehensive framework that links and articulates the various aspects of corporate IP. This framework will be of most use to managers and decision-makers with responsibility for IP who are seeking to maximize the value of their property to use it as leverage to gain sustainable competitive advantage. A second audience for this paper is the academically minded. A sign of changes to come is that IP is now a topic of academic research in various fields that encompass PhD and other advanced studies. In addressing the wide disciplinary audience, the following analysis draws evidence from a mix of academic and business sources.
Salinity is a major challenge in crop cultivation, but tolerant genotypes can adapt physiological... more Salinity is a major challenge in crop cultivation, but tolerant genotypes can adapt physiologically to cope with stress. A pot culture experiment conducted during the period of July 2021 to June 2022 at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, evaluated the impact of salt stress on eight chili genotypes at three salinity levels (T1=3 dS/m, T2=6 dS/m, T3=9 dS/m NaCl) compared to a control (T0=0 dS/m NaCl). Varieties and stress interaction were estimated based on agromorphogenic and physiological traits. Increasing salinity levels significantly reduced plant growth traits like height, number of branches, days to first flowering, and leaf area, as well as fruit traits such as length, girth, weight, and number per plant. Among the genotypes, G4 was highly tolerant to salinity, while G5 and G6 are recommended for mild to moderately saline prone areas.
This paper designs an intelligent self-propelled sprinkler car with Arduino UNOR3 as the control ... more This paper designs an intelligent self-propelled sprinkler car with Arduino UNOR3 as the control board. The vehicle is equipped with an ATmega328P single chip microcomputer, sensor expansion board, L298N motor drive module, infrared tracking sensor, infrared obstacle avoidance sensor, sprinkler module, and power module, and also equipped with a speed measurement code disk. C code written by Arduino IDE software is used to control the car, so as to realize tracking cruise and infrared obstacle avoidance functions. The car system can cruise according to the black route set in advance on the flower base, and control the car through the C code written by Arduino IDE software, so as to realize the tracking cruise and infrared obstacle avoidance functions. This design realizes the self-walking water spraying function on this theoretical basis.
The use of high speed in the wire drawing process become very common because of increase in custo... more The use of high speed in the wire drawing process become very common because of increase in customer demands and production rate. In this work the effect of high speed drawing (30m/sec) on mechanical and technological properties of high carbon steel wire has been investigated. Wire rod 5.50mm from steel grade 0.45% carbon and 0.56% carbon were drawn to 1.35mm in 13 draws and two speeds 10m/sec and 30m/sec. After each draw the following properties were determined; tensile strength (Ts), temperature (T), number of twists (Nt), number of bends (Nb). A large drop in the number of has been observed for final wires because of increased draw speed. However, there is also an advantage as the wire surface is much smoother after drawing at high speed than at low speed. The results were practically and statistically estimated. I.
This study investigates the complex relationship between external debt and economic growth in dev... more This study investigates the complex relationship between external debt and economic growth in developing countries. Utilizing a quantitative research methodology, data was collected from three selected developing countries through an online questionnaire distributed to key stakeholders, totaling 189 responses. Various statistical techniques, including t-tests, Chi-square tests, Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) assessment, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), were employed to analyze the data. The findings reveal that moderate levels of external debt can positively impact economic growth, while excessive debt levels are detrimental. Effective debt management practices and strong institutional frameworks significantly enhance the positive effects of external debt. The study also highlights the adverse impact of external economic shocks on the debt-growth relationship. Key predictors of economic growth identified include external debt levels, debt management practices, and institutional quality. These factors underscore the importance of maintaining sustainable debt levels, implementing robust debt management strategies, and improving governance to optimize the benefits of external borrowing. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers to maintain sustainable debt levels, negotiate favorable borrowing terms, and develop risk management strategies to mitigate external shocks. Limitations of the study include the reliance on data from three countries and the cross-sectional design. Future research should consider longitudinal studies, broader samples, sector-specific analyses, qualitative approaches, and the impact of global economic changes. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of external debt and economic growth in developing countries, offering guidance for policy formulation and economic planning to promote sustainable development.
With the progress of fire monitoring and Coping technique, image recognition based on deep learni... more With the progress of fire monitoring and Coping technique, image recognition based on deep learning has shown great potential in the field of fire detection. Aiming at the accuracy and efficiency problems existing in the existing object detection algorithms, this study proposed an improved YOLOv8 algorithm to improve the real-time recognition capability in the fire scene. Through experimental verification on standard fire data sets, this study evaluated the detection performance of the improved YOLOV8 algorithm fused with Deformable Conv. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8 has improved the fire identification accuracy compared with the traditional version, and has certain potential for practical application in fire monitoring system.
India's national flower is the lotus. A lot of seed is carried by white lotuses. Protein and othe... more India's national flower is the lotus. A lot of seed is carried by white lotuses. Protein and other bioactive substances are abundant in white lotus seeds. An experiment was carried out at the ICAR-National Research Centre in Makhana in 2023-24 to assess the nutritional quality and anti-oxidant characteristics of white lotus seed, which is abundant during the rainy and autumn seasons in the wetland ecosystem of north Bihar. Seeds of white purain accession were grinded and its flour chemically analyzed using AOAC standard methods. Estimation of amino acids was based on the reaction of free amino acids with phenyl isothiocyanate produces stable derivatives that are then separated using liquid chromatography. Anti-oxidant activities were estimated in spectrophotometric observation by DPPH and FRAP methods, based on electron transfer reactions, which visually results on the reduction of a coloured oxidant. Flavonoids are estimated by UHPLC methods. The white lotus purain seed content 17.8±054 % protein, 1.09±0.07 % fat and 1.94±0.08 % crude fibre. The nutritional study also revealed that the appreciable amount of arginine (12.70 g/kg) and histidine (3.62 g/kg) were present in the protein of the dry endosperm of Nelumbium spp. In addition, the lotus seed endosperm has a fair source of quercetin (422.0µg/kg) and kaempferol (200.0 µg/kg) as pure flavonoids which influence the rapid glucose metabolism in human cell. The greatest DPPH and FRAP values were found in seed endosperm of white lotus purain, which had 988.05±2.25 mg AEAC/100g FW and 461.78±1.79 mg AEAC/100g FW, respectively.
A study was conducted to assess the efficiency of insulation in a prototype cold storage system b... more A study was conducted to assess the efficiency of insulation in a prototype cold storage system by using phase change materials, aiming to detect energy loss through failing door seals and insulation panel integrity issues. Infrared thermography was used for this experimental investigation, utilizing thermographic images. The cold storage, with a volume of 606 liters, maintained internal conditions at 4°C temperature and 95% relative humidity, while surrounding ambient conditions were set at 42°C temperature and 75% relative humidity. Analysis concluded that a transmitted heat gain of 202.3 Kcal from walls and doors during daylight hours, highlighting significant energy losses attributed to failing door seals.
The internet of things framework has seen a rapid change in terms of the applications and users w... more The internet of things framework has seen a rapid change in terms of the applications and users worldwide. However, the need for trustworthiness to satisfactory quality of service is of utmost importance keeping in mind the nature of data transfer in wireless media. The advent of high compute power processors with miniature sizes and low power consumption, implementing relatively complex algorithms has become possible which is necessity for internet of things applications. This research paper focusses on the design and implementation of the code blocks of turbo codes based on the BCJR algorithm so as to couple the bits in the code blocks in the composite transport block. The information and parity bits are to be coupled so as to have more information sharing within the transport block and hence reduce the error rate steeply in section of the error waterfall. The proposed technique attains lower bit error rate performance compared to the conventional un-coded and hard coded counterparts. A comparative analysis with respect to the error rate has been done so as to evaluate the quality of service of the proposed work. The lower error rate of the proposed work ensures the high quality of service and trustworthiness of the IoT system.
Introduction: Cranial suture closure is one trait that has been used since the 16th century for a... more Introduction: Cranial suture closure is one trait that has been used since the 16th century for age estimation after the 2nd decade of life. To determine the pattern of cranial vault suture closure in relation to age among dead bodies of subjects (3rd to 5th decades of life) and identify any relationship between progression of the union of cranial suture and age. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study from January 2023 to June 2024 involving 150 cadavers. Cadavers were studied for ecto cranial and endo cranial closure pattern for sagittal-coronal and lambdoid sutures. Spearman coefficient was utilized to assess the correlation between the age of the subject and the stage of fusion of cranial sutures. Results: We noted that the process of endo-cranial fusion of cranial suture was more regular than ecto-cranial. The coronal suture was the first to fuse. Conclusion: No definite correlation was found to exist between age and suture closures.
The goal of the current study was to evaluate how oestrus synchronisation affected the reproducti... more The goal of the current study was to evaluate how oestrus synchronisation affected the reproductive effectiveness of native goats reared in two possible Gamo zone districts Prostaglandinbased Lutalyse PGF2 hormone was injected intramuscularly at a dose of 25 ml in a single shot to synchronise oestrus in sixty does Does and chosen bucks were mate at random with a 110 buck to doe ratio right after the hormone treatment The expression of standing heat when does were exposed to bucks was used to determine the oestrous response to hormone treatment Within 96 hours the does that displayed oestrus were allowed with bucks Pregtone was used to diagnose the pregnancy one month later or it was done by visual observation Approximately 85 of the does exhibited oestrus within 56 hours of hormone delivery according to the results The Pregtone tool demonstrated high efficacy in detecting early pregnancy prior to hormone delivery The observed rate of abortion was 612 but the overall conception rate was 817 In does the gestation duration was 153256 days on average The synchronised does kid had an average birth weight of 249033 kg and a litter size of 131046 respectively While body weight and district had no effect on the oestrous response and conception rate the does age parity and body condition did p005 The oestrus response and conception rate of does with a parity of 1 to 4 were considerably higher than those of does with a parity of five When it came to hormone treatment and conception rate the does with body condition scores of 3 and 4 responded better than those with lower scores Compared to younger does older did displayed a reduced oestrus response and conception rate It was discovered that taking age parity and body condition score into account during oestrus synchronisation in local goats was helpful for a higher conception rate
Snow is a widespread atmospheric constituent on Earth, as well as one of the cryosphere's most im... more Snow is a widespread atmospheric constituent on Earth, as well as one of the cryosphere's most important seasonal and interseasonal fluctuations. Estimating the amount of snow in hilly areas is essential for a variety of socioeconomic endeavours and environmental research. Traditional methods for monitoring snow depth include accessibility, expense, and coverage limits, especially in isolated and difficult terrain. Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technology has emerged as a promising tool for remote sensing applications that include snow depth estimation. This review study synthesises and evaluates current literature on the use of GNSS-R technology for snow depth retrieval, concentrating on its potential and constraints in various mountainous places around the world. The paper includes a detailed explanation of GNSS-R working principles and receiver's advancement, snow depth retrieval methods using both traditional and remote sensing methods like active microwave, passive microwave, GNSS-R integrating with machine learning and deep learning models to develop a snow depth assessment in diverse geographical contexts. GNSS-R technology aids in snow depth retrieval through Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and carrier phase pseudorange methods, with optimal choice based on application requirements, accuracy, environmental conditions, resources, and complexity-precision trade-offs. The review study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the advances in GNSS-R-based snow depth estimation, as well as insights and guidance for future advancements in this field, particularly in addressing the complexities of snow depth estimation in diverse terrains such as those found in India.. I.
In the sequence of the research article intitled "Rural Settlements and Smart Green Cities" and o... more In the sequence of the research article intitled "Rural Settlements and Smart Green Cities" and our willing to compare this two cases (rural country settlements and rural fishing settlements) we rescued the Leipzig Charter on Sustainable European Cities, since it focuses on the principles of sustainability and urban development framed in the national, regional and local policies of the community countries, following criteria that base high standards of quality of life and functional qualification, on the assumption that they will contribute to attract investment, establish people and knowledge, promote qualified work opportunities and the production of value-added goods. Thus, in the construction of the research project, it is important to look at the relationship between currents of thought that contribute to support concepts related to the issue of sustainability, urban regeneration and the understanding of the morphology of the habitat, exploring bibliographic references of international and national authors associated with the research project.
This study presents a novel 3D-printed grabber designed to assess the mechanical properties of pi... more This study presents a novel 3D-printed grabber designed to assess the mechanical properties of pineapples, crucial for optimizing harvesting and handling processes. This research represents a key component of a larger project aimed at developing a semi-automatic pineapple harvester tailored for the challenging terrain of hilly regions, such as those found in Manipur, India, where the pineapple data for this study was collected. Key physical parameters like including transverse diameter, weight, longitudinal diameter, and compression force were evaluated. The grabber was designed using 3D modelling software and fabricated via 3D printing, enabling rapid prototyping and customization. A compression force sensor unit integrated into the grabber allowed for real-time force measurement during testing. Experimental validation involved applying controlled compression forces to pineapples of varying sizes and maturities. The results demonstrated that the grabber could effectively measure compression force while ensuring minimal fruit damage, even when exceeding the required gripping force. The study successfully determined a safe grabbing force range for pineapples, informing the development of robotic or semi-automatic harvesting systems. Furthermore, the adaptable design of the force-sensing grabber presents a promising approach for assessing the mechanical properties of other fruits and vegetables, potentially reducing damage and improving handling practices across the agricultural sector.
Rangelands cover a significant portion of the world's land area, particularly in Africa, where th... more Rangelands cover a significant portion of the world's land area, particularly in Africa, where they support the livelihoods of communities and contribute to national economies. However, rangeland degradation poses a significant environmental challenge globally, threatening ecosystem services and impacting food security, water availability, and resilience to climate change. In Ethiopia, rangeland degradation is a pressing issue, driven by factors such as overgrazing, deforestation, soil erosion, and climate change, which in turn affect vegetation cover, soil fertility, and biodiversity. This study analyses Rangeland cover changes in Afar pastoralist systems using Landsat satellite images from 2000 to 2020. This was done by downloading and processing Landsat images of 2000, 2010 and 2020. A supervised classification approach identified five land-use/cover classes, and results show significant changes in forest, grassland, bare land, cropland, and wetland areas over the two-decade period. Grassland areas declined drastically. The findings underscore the complexity of land use dynamics in the Afar region and highlight the need for holistic approaches integrating ecological conservation, sustainable land management, and community engagement to mitigate further degradation and preserve vital ecosystems. By addressing the complex drivers of land use change and adopting adaptive management strategies, stakeholders can work towards fostering resilience and promoting the long-term sustainability of the region's landscapes and livelihoods.
Though groundnut is largely produced in the mid and low lands of West Guji Zone, its productivity... more Though groundnut is largely produced in the mid and low lands of West Guji Zone, its productivity was below expectation due to biotic and abiotic factors, lack of improved varieties and appropriate production and postharvest practices, and diseases. Therefore, this study was designed to solve three objectives: (1) to improve the productivity of groundnut technology (2) to improve farmers' knowledge of application of the improved groundnut technology (3) to develop local capacity for further promotion of groundnut technology. Abaya district was selected purposively with two kebeles based on the potentiality of groundnut production. Two farmers' research groups consisting of 10 members were established. Among the members, a total of 8 trial farmers were used whereby a land size of 0.25ha was used for each. Based on recommendation, a seed rate of 90kg/ha Tole-1 was used with a fertilizer rate of 100kg NPS/ha for the selected trial field. Both priāmary and secondary data were used where quantitative and qualitative data were generated. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and narration. The result showed that the pooled mean yields of Tole-1 technology was 26.92qt/ha where the yield across the production years was significant (p<0.05). It was concluded that the productivity of improved groundnut could be enhanced through capacity building, access to farm inputs, and linkage formation. Therefore, Tole-1 groundnut variety was recommended for further promotion in Abaya district and similar agro-ecology until alternative variety released.
This research establishes forecasting models for air-conditioning noise through training-type neu... more This research establishes forecasting models for air-conditioning noise through training-type neural networks, which can improve the accuracy of the forecast, reduce costs and time, optimize system design and improvement, improve user experience and reduce environmental impact. This study uses Matlab to build training neural networks and uses the Levenberg-Marquardt. The results showed that the neural networks built by the training methods and the data and model combination were excellent. Therefore, the neural network to establish the model for the forecast of air conditioning noise has a significant effect for future air conditioner companies in the research and improvement of the noise.
This paper uses the theory of Heat Exchangers to estimate the relationship between the outlet and... more This paper uses the theory of Heat Exchangers to estimate the relationship between the outlet and the inlet and is written in conjunction with Fluent to simulate the impact of the air conditioning system on the environment in the car. The outside environment also affects the inside of the car, and this paper experiments to obtain outlet environment data and set it as the boundary conditions. The thermal comfort index in this paper will use experimental parameters to compute the results and analyze the results of the data to address people's requirements for the quality of the driving environment and provide a better driving environment.
The article “Human Rights and Corporate Accountability: Advocating for Corporate Social Responsib... more The article “Human Rights and Corporate Accountability: Advocating for Corporate Social Responsibility” delves into the critical intersection of human rights corporate accountability and the promotion of corporate social responsibility (CSR). It explores the imperative need for responsible business conduct concerning human rights and environmental protection within the framework of CSR. The study emphasizes the challenges faced in ensuring effective investor accountability and proposes a redesign of CSR clauses to incorporate international standards of responsible conduct. By advocating for new clauses on ‘investor human rights and environmental obligations’ the article aims to enhance accountability, clarify mechanisms for foreign investor liability, and the importance of access to remedy for affected communities. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on aligning corporate practices with human rights principles, promoting ethical business conduct.
This article explores the complex relationship between human rights law and climate change. The s... more This article explores the complex relationship between human rights law and climate change. The study further examines how climate change can affect human rights, while also considering how climate change can create barriers to the enjoyment of these rights. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature and real-world case studies, the article provides a nuanced understanding of how climate change can impact human rights and offers recommendations for policymakers seeking to balance the interests of inventors and society as a whole.
With the exploitation of the internet and societal innovations and legislative shifts, it is repe... more With the exploitation of the internet and societal innovations and legislative shifts, it is repeatedly being raised as to whether and to what degree businesses and individuals can protect their intellectual property and in economic terms the worth of doing so. To date, how to capture value from IP and what can be considered an effective IP strategy are subjects for which there is no definitive answer as the solution is very much industry and firm-specific. Therefore, the primary goal of this paper is to provide a strategic perspective on intellectual property exploitation and management in a manner that is relevant to the business objectives of today's corporations. In doing this, this paper will argue that the effective management of IP is a complex process requiring a synthesis of insight from several disciplines ranging from strategy to finance and law. The argument underlying this is that in the same way that today's corporation has changed the way to strategy and management of other business assets, there too is a need to change how IP is both managed and exploited. This theme is prevalent throughout the following analysis, however, these two opening sections aim to provide a comprehensive framework that links and articulates the various aspects of corporate IP. This framework will be of most use to managers and decision-makers with responsibility for IP who are seeking to maximize the value of their property to use it as leverage to gain sustainable competitive advantage. A second audience for this paper is the academically minded. A sign of changes to come is that IP is now a topic of academic research in various fields that encompass PhD and other advanced studies. In addressing the wide disciplinary audience, the following analysis draws evidence from a mix of academic and business sources.
Salinity is a major challenge in crop cultivation, but tolerant genotypes can adapt physiological... more Salinity is a major challenge in crop cultivation, but tolerant genotypes can adapt physiologically to cope with stress. A pot culture experiment conducted during the period of July 2021 to June 2022 at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, evaluated the impact of salt stress on eight chili genotypes at three salinity levels (T1=3 dS/m, T2=6 dS/m, T3=9 dS/m NaCl) compared to a control (T0=0 dS/m NaCl). Varieties and stress interaction were estimated based on agromorphogenic and physiological traits. Increasing salinity levels significantly reduced plant growth traits like height, number of branches, days to first flowering, and leaf area, as well as fruit traits such as length, girth, weight, and number per plant. Among the genotypes, G4 was highly tolerant to salinity, while G5 and G6 are recommended for mild to moderately saline prone areas.
This paper designs an intelligent self-propelled sprinkler car with Arduino UNOR3 as the control ... more This paper designs an intelligent self-propelled sprinkler car with Arduino UNOR3 as the control board. The vehicle is equipped with an ATmega328P single chip microcomputer, sensor expansion board, L298N motor drive module, infrared tracking sensor, infrared obstacle avoidance sensor, sprinkler module, and power module, and also equipped with a speed measurement code disk. C code written by Arduino IDE software is used to control the car, so as to realize tracking cruise and infrared obstacle avoidance functions. The car system can cruise according to the black route set in advance on the flower base, and control the car through the C code written by Arduino IDE software, so as to realize the tracking cruise and infrared obstacle avoidance functions. This design realizes the self-walking water spraying function on this theoretical basis.
The use of high speed in the wire drawing process become very common because of increase in custo... more The use of high speed in the wire drawing process become very common because of increase in customer demands and production rate. In this work the effect of high speed drawing (30m/sec) on mechanical and technological properties of high carbon steel wire has been investigated. Wire rod 5.50mm from steel grade 0.45% carbon and 0.56% carbon were drawn to 1.35mm in 13 draws and two speeds 10m/sec and 30m/sec. After each draw the following properties were determined; tensile strength (Ts), temperature (T), number of twists (Nt), number of bends (Nb). A large drop in the number of has been observed for final wires because of increased draw speed. However, there is also an advantage as the wire surface is much smoother after drawing at high speed than at low speed. The results were practically and statistically estimated. I.
This study investigates the complex relationship between external debt and economic growth in dev... more This study investigates the complex relationship between external debt and economic growth in developing countries. Utilizing a quantitative research methodology, data was collected from three selected developing countries through an online questionnaire distributed to key stakeholders, totaling 189 responses. Various statistical techniques, including t-tests, Chi-square tests, Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) assessment, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), were employed to analyze the data. The findings reveal that moderate levels of external debt can positively impact economic growth, while excessive debt levels are detrimental. Effective debt management practices and strong institutional frameworks significantly enhance the positive effects of external debt. The study also highlights the adverse impact of external economic shocks on the debt-growth relationship. Key predictors of economic growth identified include external debt levels, debt management practices, and institutional quality. These factors underscore the importance of maintaining sustainable debt levels, implementing robust debt management strategies, and improving governance to optimize the benefits of external borrowing. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers to maintain sustainable debt levels, negotiate favorable borrowing terms, and develop risk management strategies to mitigate external shocks. Limitations of the study include the reliance on data from three countries and the cross-sectional design. Future research should consider longitudinal studies, broader samples, sector-specific analyses, qualitative approaches, and the impact of global economic changes. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of external debt and economic growth in developing countries, offering guidance for policy formulation and economic planning to promote sustainable development.
With the progress of fire monitoring and Coping technique, image recognition based on deep learni... more With the progress of fire monitoring and Coping technique, image recognition based on deep learning has shown great potential in the field of fire detection. Aiming at the accuracy and efficiency problems existing in the existing object detection algorithms, this study proposed an improved YOLOv8 algorithm to improve the real-time recognition capability in the fire scene. Through experimental verification on standard fire data sets, this study evaluated the detection performance of the improved YOLOV8 algorithm fused with Deformable Conv. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8 has improved the fire identification accuracy compared with the traditional version, and has certain potential for practical application in fire monitoring system.
India's national flower is the lotus. A lot of seed is carried by white lotuses. Protein and othe... more India's national flower is the lotus. A lot of seed is carried by white lotuses. Protein and other bioactive substances are abundant in white lotus seeds. An experiment was carried out at the ICAR-National Research Centre in Makhana in 2023-24 to assess the nutritional quality and anti-oxidant characteristics of white lotus seed, which is abundant during the rainy and autumn seasons in the wetland ecosystem of north Bihar. Seeds of white purain accession were grinded and its flour chemically analyzed using AOAC standard methods. Estimation of amino acids was based on the reaction of free amino acids with phenyl isothiocyanate produces stable derivatives that are then separated using liquid chromatography. Anti-oxidant activities were estimated in spectrophotometric observation by DPPH and FRAP methods, based on electron transfer reactions, which visually results on the reduction of a coloured oxidant. Flavonoids are estimated by UHPLC methods. The white lotus purain seed content 17.8±054 % protein, 1.09±0.07 % fat and 1.94±0.08 % crude fibre. The nutritional study also revealed that the appreciable amount of arginine (12.70 g/kg) and histidine (3.62 g/kg) were present in the protein of the dry endosperm of Nelumbium spp. In addition, the lotus seed endosperm has a fair source of quercetin (422.0µg/kg) and kaempferol (200.0 µg/kg) as pure flavonoids which influence the rapid glucose metabolism in human cell. The greatest DPPH and FRAP values were found in seed endosperm of white lotus purain, which had 988.05±2.25 mg AEAC/100g FW and 461.78±1.79 mg AEAC/100g FW, respectively.
A study was conducted to assess the efficiency of insulation in a prototype cold storage system b... more A study was conducted to assess the efficiency of insulation in a prototype cold storage system by using phase change materials, aiming to detect energy loss through failing door seals and insulation panel integrity issues. Infrared thermography was used for this experimental investigation, utilizing thermographic images. The cold storage, with a volume of 606 liters, maintained internal conditions at 4°C temperature and 95% relative humidity, while surrounding ambient conditions were set at 42°C temperature and 75% relative humidity. Analysis concluded that a transmitted heat gain of 202.3 Kcal from walls and doors during daylight hours, highlighting significant energy losses attributed to failing door seals.
The internet of things framework has seen a rapid change in terms of the applications and users w... more The internet of things framework has seen a rapid change in terms of the applications and users worldwide. However, the need for trustworthiness to satisfactory quality of service is of utmost importance keeping in mind the nature of data transfer in wireless media. The advent of high compute power processors with miniature sizes and low power consumption, implementing relatively complex algorithms has become possible which is necessity for internet of things applications. This research paper focusses on the design and implementation of the code blocks of turbo codes based on the BCJR algorithm so as to couple the bits in the code blocks in the composite transport block. The information and parity bits are to be coupled so as to have more information sharing within the transport block and hence reduce the error rate steeply in section of the error waterfall. The proposed technique attains lower bit error rate performance compared to the conventional un-coded and hard coded counterparts. A comparative analysis with respect to the error rate has been done so as to evaluate the quality of service of the proposed work. The lower error rate of the proposed work ensures the high quality of service and trustworthiness of the IoT system.
Introduction: Cranial suture closure is one trait that has been used since the 16th century for a... more Introduction: Cranial suture closure is one trait that has been used since the 16th century for age estimation after the 2nd decade of life. To determine the pattern of cranial vault suture closure in relation to age among dead bodies of subjects (3rd to 5th decades of life) and identify any relationship between progression of the union of cranial suture and age. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study from January 2023 to June 2024 involving 150 cadavers. Cadavers were studied for ecto cranial and endo cranial closure pattern for sagittal-coronal and lambdoid sutures. Spearman coefficient was utilized to assess the correlation between the age of the subject and the stage of fusion of cranial sutures. Results: We noted that the process of endo-cranial fusion of cranial suture was more regular than ecto-cranial. The coronal suture was the first to fuse. Conclusion: No definite correlation was found to exist between age and suture closures.
The goal of the current study was to evaluate how oestrus synchronisation affected the reproducti... more The goal of the current study was to evaluate how oestrus synchronisation affected the reproductive effectiveness of native goats reared in two possible Gamo zone districts Prostaglandinbased Lutalyse PGF2 hormone was injected intramuscularly at a dose of 25 ml in a single shot to synchronise oestrus in sixty does Does and chosen bucks were mate at random with a 110 buck to doe ratio right after the hormone treatment The expression of standing heat when does were exposed to bucks was used to determine the oestrous response to hormone treatment Within 96 hours the does that displayed oestrus were allowed with bucks Pregtone was used to diagnose the pregnancy one month later or it was done by visual observation Approximately 85 of the does exhibited oestrus within 56 hours of hormone delivery according to the results The Pregtone tool demonstrated high efficacy in detecting early pregnancy prior to hormone delivery The observed rate of abortion was 612 but the overall conception rate was 817 In does the gestation duration was 153256 days on average The synchronised does kid had an average birth weight of 249033 kg and a litter size of 131046 respectively While body weight and district had no effect on the oestrous response and conception rate the does age parity and body condition did p005 The oestrus response and conception rate of does with a parity of 1 to 4 were considerably higher than those of does with a parity of five When it came to hormone treatment and conception rate the does with body condition scores of 3 and 4 responded better than those with lower scores Compared to younger does older did displayed a reduced oestrus response and conception rate It was discovered that taking age parity and body condition score into account during oestrus synchronisation in local goats was helpful for a higher conception rate
Snow is a widespread atmospheric constituent on Earth, as well as one of the cryosphere's most im... more Snow is a widespread atmospheric constituent on Earth, as well as one of the cryosphere's most important seasonal and interseasonal fluctuations. Estimating the amount of snow in hilly areas is essential for a variety of socioeconomic endeavours and environmental research. Traditional methods for monitoring snow depth include accessibility, expense, and coverage limits, especially in isolated and difficult terrain. Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technology has emerged as a promising tool for remote sensing applications that include snow depth estimation. This review study synthesises and evaluates current literature on the use of GNSS-R technology for snow depth retrieval, concentrating on its potential and constraints in various mountainous places around the world. The paper includes a detailed explanation of GNSS-R working principles and receiver's advancement, snow depth retrieval methods using both traditional and remote sensing methods like active microwave, passive microwave, GNSS-R integrating with machine learning and deep learning models to develop a snow depth assessment in diverse geographical contexts. GNSS-R technology aids in snow depth retrieval through Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and carrier phase pseudorange methods, with optimal choice based on application requirements, accuracy, environmental conditions, resources, and complexity-precision trade-offs. The review study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the advances in GNSS-R-based snow depth estimation, as well as insights and guidance for future advancements in this field, particularly in addressing the complexities of snow depth estimation in diverse terrains such as those found in India.. I.
In the sequence of the research article intitled "Rural Settlements and Smart Green Cities" and o... more In the sequence of the research article intitled "Rural Settlements and Smart Green Cities" and our willing to compare this two cases (rural country settlements and rural fishing settlements) we rescued the Leipzig Charter on Sustainable European Cities, since it focuses on the principles of sustainability and urban development framed in the national, regional and local policies of the community countries, following criteria that base high standards of quality of life and functional qualification, on the assumption that they will contribute to attract investment, establish people and knowledge, promote qualified work opportunities and the production of value-added goods. Thus, in the construction of the research project, it is important to look at the relationship between currents of thought that contribute to support concepts related to the issue of sustainability, urban regeneration and the understanding of the morphology of the habitat, exploring bibliographic references of international and national authors associated with the research project.
This study presents a novel 3D-printed grabber designed to assess the mechanical properties of pi... more This study presents a novel 3D-printed grabber designed to assess the mechanical properties of pineapples, crucial for optimizing harvesting and handling processes. This research represents a key component of a larger project aimed at developing a semi-automatic pineapple harvester tailored for the challenging terrain of hilly regions, such as those found in Manipur, India, where the pineapple data for this study was collected. Key physical parameters like including transverse diameter, weight, longitudinal diameter, and compression force were evaluated. The grabber was designed using 3D modelling software and fabricated via 3D printing, enabling rapid prototyping and customization. A compression force sensor unit integrated into the grabber allowed for real-time force measurement during testing. Experimental validation involved applying controlled compression forces to pineapples of varying sizes and maturities. The results demonstrated that the grabber could effectively measure compression force while ensuring minimal fruit damage, even when exceeding the required gripping force. The study successfully determined a safe grabbing force range for pineapples, informing the development of robotic or semi-automatic harvesting systems. Furthermore, the adaptable design of the force-sensing grabber presents a promising approach for assessing the mechanical properties of other fruits and vegetables, potentially reducing damage and improving handling practices across the agricultural sector.
Rangelands cover a significant portion of the world's land area, particularly in Africa, where th... more Rangelands cover a significant portion of the world's land area, particularly in Africa, where they support the livelihoods of communities and contribute to national economies. However, rangeland degradation poses a significant environmental challenge globally, threatening ecosystem services and impacting food security, water availability, and resilience to climate change. In Ethiopia, rangeland degradation is a pressing issue, driven by factors such as overgrazing, deforestation, soil erosion, and climate change, which in turn affect vegetation cover, soil fertility, and biodiversity. This study analyses Rangeland cover changes in Afar pastoralist systems using Landsat satellite images from 2000 to 2020. This was done by downloading and processing Landsat images of 2000, 2010 and 2020. A supervised classification approach identified five land-use/cover classes, and results show significant changes in forest, grassland, bare land, cropland, and wetland areas over the two-decade period. Grassland areas declined drastically. The findings underscore the complexity of land use dynamics in the Afar region and highlight the need for holistic approaches integrating ecological conservation, sustainable land management, and community engagement to mitigate further degradation and preserve vital ecosystems. By addressing the complex drivers of land use change and adopting adaptive management strategies, stakeholders can work towards fostering resilience and promoting the long-term sustainability of the region's landscapes and livelihoods.
Storytelling in traditional communities is passed on through orality from one generation to the n... more Storytelling in traditional communities is passed on through orality from one generation to the next, connecting the past with the present by recalling the latent memory of their ancestors. It is a magical and playful moment, told and narrated during the bean threshing, awakening the awareness of aspects related to the care for life and the environment, while establishing the feelings of collectivity, union, and collective organization, making these moments a process of struggle and resistance to keep their traditions alive. Thus, the present study aims to analyze how the ancestral knowledge perpetuated in storytelling contributes to the processes of struggle and resistance of the Fernanda Ielpo da Cunha et al.
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