In Japan, special needs education had started in 2007. The number of students in special needs ... more In Japan, special needs education had started in 2007. The number of students in special needs class in normal school has been increasing in these days. The purpose of this study is to clarify the outcome in physical education classes and physical activities in special needs class in elementary school through prior work. As a result, (1) changes in physical or technical aspect, (2) changes in emotional aspect, (3) changes in communication skill or social aspect, and (4) changes in cognitive aspect were founded. Further research about the problems of practices in physical activities in special needs class would be needed
This study clarifies the effects of intensive swimming classes on university students’ swimming... more This study clarifies the effects of intensive swimming classes on university students’ swimming ability. The results of our analysis are： In front crawl swimming activity, swimming velocity (V) and stroke rate (SR) decreased significantly, and stroke length (SL) improved significantly. In movement evaluation, glide, stroke movement, and total score improved significantly, but breathing movement, kick movement, and body position showed no significant difference. In breaststroke, there was no significant difference in V, but SL improved significantly, and SR decreased significantly. In motion evaluation, pull movement, and total score improved significantly, but kick movement and body position showed no significant difference. These results suggest that the classes did not affect the improvement of students’ V, but they did have a certain effect on improving swimming form
Background: Sports competitions have always been at the end of the third semester of sixth grader... more Background: Sports competitions have always been at the end of the third semester of sixth graders in Setagaya-ku, Tokyo. However, they were not interesting. The development of Olympic education in Japan didnʼt lead to improvements in physical education, and Siedentopʼs Olympic Education has not been utilized in Japan. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the implementation process and effects of Siedentopʼs Olympic Education through action research. Data collection and analysis: The participants were three elementary school teachers (three teachers had never conducted sports education; teacher A was 31 years old, teacher B was 27 years old, and teacher C was 52 years old) , 106 students from three sixth-grade classes, and an action researcher (31 years old) . The study period covered six lessons from February 8 to March 12, 2017. Data were gathered from 26 video-recorded lessons, 21 interviews, 16 field journal entries, and 721 student descriptions of each lesson obtai...
Recently, special education has been much more important in Japan. The purpose of this study is... more Recently, special education has been much more important in Japan. The purpose of this study is to explore the realities of support, which is carried out in “Interaction and Collaborative Learning” by support staff of special education in elementary school. Semi-structured interview was conducted for three participants and the data were analyzed in qualitative method, thematic analysis. The result shows that the supports and activities of support staff were categorized to four themes: having idea about “interaction” as a support staff, support for students who have special needs as a support staff, relationship with students who donʼt have any difficulties as a support staff, and relationship with teachers. Though it has been easy to be understood that support staff in special education is in vague position as negative thing, there are some positive aspects of the position when they make supports for students. Further research related to particular subjects or another participants...
The purpose of this study was to clarify the process of acquiring a physically active lifestyle... more The purpose of this study was to clarify the process of acquiring a physically active lifestyle in Japan through interviews with amateur runners involved in running projects. Participants were female amateur runners in their early adulthood who run one or more times a week and had continued running for at least a year. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview and analyzed using the Modified Grounded Theory Approach. Following analysis, 3 categories, 7 sub-categories, and 26 concepts were generated. Conclusion 1) In the process of acquiring a physically active lifestyle in Japan, female amateur runners in their early adulthood had 3 steps: “Beginning to run,” “Changing impression of running,” and “Keep running.” 2) For female amateur runners in their early adulthood, the experience of running with “Chatting,” “Wearing make-up,” and “dressing up” was factored to promote “Changing impression of running. ” 3) This suggests that even if an exercise plan is made for i...
The present study aims to clarify the effects of intensive swimming classes on the ability of u... more The present study aims to clarify the effects of intensive swimming classes on the ability of university students in relation to backstroke and butterfly stroke. The results are as follows. No significant difference in swimming velocity (V) was observed for backstroke in, whereas stroke length (SL) displayed a significant improvement. A significant decrease was noted for stroke rate (SR). Furthermore, movement evaluation revealed that stroke movement, entry position, kick movement, body position, and total score improved significantly. Conversely, no significant difference in V was noted for butterfly stroke, but SL exhibited significant improvement. Furthermore, SR was decreased significantly. In terms of motion evaluation, significantly improvements pointed to stroke movement, kick movement, timing, and total score, whereas no significant difference was observed for recovery movement and body position. The results suggest that an increase in swimming speed through intensiv...
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of sitting volleyball experience on the “im... more The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of sitting volleyball experience on the “image of persons with disabilities” of university students. At that time, “gender” and “experience of contact with persons with disabilities” were set as analysis viewpoints as well as before and after the practice. As a result, it was confirmed that the image of “social disadvantage” decreased before and after the practice, and the factors were that the evaluation of the ability of persons with disabilities increased through the sitting volleyball experience and the skill level required for the sitting volleyball experience was appropriate. On the other hand, it was concluded that the relationship between the change in “image of persons with disabilities” and “gender” and “experience of contact with persons with disabilities” does not affect the change in “image of persons with disabilities”. As the future tasks, this study indicated that the development of a program for “sports exper...
The purpose of this study is to elucidate through an interview-based survey the process by whic... more The purpose of this study is to elucidate through an interview-based survey the process by which someone unable to swim becomes able to swim for long periods doing front crawl and breaststroke. The survey participant was a woman who could not swim a meter before taking university swimming classes. Owing to the swimming classes, she learnt to swim for long periods doing front crawl and breaststroke. Data was collected via a semi-structured interview. Trajectory Equifinality Modeling (TEM) was used for the analysis. The following three conclusions were made: 1) Students who could not swim at all became able to swim front crawl by first learning to breathe underwater. 2) For breaststroke, the students timed their breathing by watching others swim, thereby learning to time their breathing with their swimming strokes. 3) Those who could not swim became able to swim for long periods doing front crawl and breaststroke, by going through the following three stages: a stage at which...
The purpose of this study was to investigate and examine the introduction and effects of ICT in... more The purpose of this study was to investigate and examine the introduction and effects of ICT in physical education classes and athletic club activities. The subjects were 52 junior high or high school teachers. As a result, the following became clear. (1) 78.8% of the total used ICT in health and physical education classes. However, the utilization of ICT in physical education was lower than all subjects. (2) Regarding the utilization of ICT in athletic club activities, 59.6% of the total utilized ICT. On the other hand, the utilization of ICT was higher than in health and physical education classes
In Japan, special needs education had started in 2007. The number of students in special needs ... more In Japan, special needs education had started in 2007. The number of students in special needs class in normal school has been increasing in these days. The purpose of this study is to clarify the outcome in physical education classes and physical activities in special needs class in elementary school through prior work. As a result, (1) changes in physical or technical aspect, (2) changes in emotional aspect, (3) changes in communication skill or social aspect, and (4) changes in cognitive aspect were founded. Further research about the problems of practices in physical activities in special needs class would be needed
This study clarifies the effects of intensive swimming classes on university students’ swimming... more This study clarifies the effects of intensive swimming classes on university students’ swimming ability. The results of our analysis are： In front crawl swimming activity, swimming velocity (V) and stroke rate (SR) decreased significantly, and stroke length (SL) improved significantly. In movement evaluation, glide, stroke movement, and total score improved significantly, but breathing movement, kick movement, and body position showed no significant difference. In breaststroke, there was no significant difference in V, but SL improved significantly, and SR decreased significantly. In motion evaluation, pull movement, and total score improved significantly, but kick movement and body position showed no significant difference. These results suggest that the classes did not affect the improvement of students’ V, but they did have a certain effect on improving swimming form
Background: Sports competitions have always been at the end of the third semester of sixth grader... more Background: Sports competitions have always been at the end of the third semester of sixth graders in Setagaya-ku, Tokyo. However, they were not interesting. The development of Olympic education in Japan didnʼt lead to improvements in physical education, and Siedentopʼs Olympic Education has not been utilized in Japan. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the implementation process and effects of Siedentopʼs Olympic Education through action research. Data collection and analysis: The participants were three elementary school teachers (three teachers had never conducted sports education; teacher A was 31 years old, teacher B was 27 years old, and teacher C was 52 years old) , 106 students from three sixth-grade classes, and an action researcher (31 years old) . The study period covered six lessons from February 8 to March 12, 2017. Data were gathered from 26 video-recorded lessons, 21 interviews, 16 field journal entries, and 721 student descriptions of each lesson obtai...
Recently, special education has been much more important in Japan. The purpose of this study is... more Recently, special education has been much more important in Japan. The purpose of this study is to explore the realities of support, which is carried out in “Interaction and Collaborative Learning” by support staff of special education in elementary school. Semi-structured interview was conducted for three participants and the data were analyzed in qualitative method, thematic analysis. The result shows that the supports and activities of support staff were categorized to four themes: having idea about “interaction” as a support staff, support for students who have special needs as a support staff, relationship with students who donʼt have any difficulties as a support staff, and relationship with teachers. Though it has been easy to be understood that support staff in special education is in vague position as negative thing, there are some positive aspects of the position when they make supports for students. Further research related to particular subjects or another participants...
The purpose of this study was to clarify the process of acquiring a physically active lifestyle... more The purpose of this study was to clarify the process of acquiring a physically active lifestyle in Japan through interviews with amateur runners involved in running projects. Participants were female amateur runners in their early adulthood who run one or more times a week and had continued running for at least a year. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview and analyzed using the Modified Grounded Theory Approach. Following analysis, 3 categories, 7 sub-categories, and 26 concepts were generated. Conclusion 1) In the process of acquiring a physically active lifestyle in Japan, female amateur runners in their early adulthood had 3 steps: “Beginning to run,” “Changing impression of running,” and “Keep running.” 2) For female amateur runners in their early adulthood, the experience of running with “Chatting,” “Wearing make-up,” and “dressing up” was factored to promote “Changing impression of running. ” 3) This suggests that even if an exercise plan is made for i...
The present study aims to clarify the effects of intensive swimming classes on the ability of u... more The present study aims to clarify the effects of intensive swimming classes on the ability of university students in relation to backstroke and butterfly stroke. The results are as follows. No significant difference in swimming velocity (V) was observed for backstroke in, whereas stroke length (SL) displayed a significant improvement. A significant decrease was noted for stroke rate (SR). Furthermore, movement evaluation revealed that stroke movement, entry position, kick movement, body position, and total score improved significantly. Conversely, no significant difference in V was noted for butterfly stroke, but SL exhibited significant improvement. Furthermore, SR was decreased significantly. In terms of motion evaluation, significantly improvements pointed to stroke movement, kick movement, timing, and total score, whereas no significant difference was observed for recovery movement and body position. The results suggest that an increase in swimming speed through intensiv...
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of sitting volleyball experience on the “im... more The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of sitting volleyball experience on the “image of persons with disabilities” of university students. At that time, “gender” and “experience of contact with persons with disabilities” were set as analysis viewpoints as well as before and after the practice. As a result, it was confirmed that the image of “social disadvantage” decreased before and after the practice, and the factors were that the evaluation of the ability of persons with disabilities increased through the sitting volleyball experience and the skill level required for the sitting volleyball experience was appropriate. On the other hand, it was concluded that the relationship between the change in “image of persons with disabilities” and “gender” and “experience of contact with persons with disabilities” does not affect the change in “image of persons with disabilities”. As the future tasks, this study indicated that the development of a program for “sports exper...
The purpose of this study is to elucidate through an interview-based survey the process by whic... more The purpose of this study is to elucidate through an interview-based survey the process by which someone unable to swim becomes able to swim for long periods doing front crawl and breaststroke. The survey participant was a woman who could not swim a meter before taking university swimming classes. Owing to the swimming classes, she learnt to swim for long periods doing front crawl and breaststroke. Data was collected via a semi-structured interview. Trajectory Equifinality Modeling (TEM) was used for the analysis. The following three conclusions were made: 1) Students who could not swim at all became able to swim front crawl by first learning to breathe underwater. 2) For breaststroke, the students timed their breathing by watching others swim, thereby learning to time their breathing with their swimming strokes. 3) Those who could not swim became able to swim for long periods doing front crawl and breaststroke, by going through the following three stages: a stage at which...
The purpose of this study was to investigate and examine the introduction and effects of ICT in... more The purpose of this study was to investigate and examine the introduction and effects of ICT in physical education classes and athletic club activities. The subjects were 52 junior high or high school teachers. As a result, the following became clear. (1) 78.8% of the total used ICT in health and physical education classes. However, the utilization of ICT in physical education was lower than all subjects. (2) Regarding the utilization of ICT in athletic club activities, 59.6% of the total utilized ICT. On the other hand, the utilization of ICT was higher than in health and physical education classes
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