A definitive diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in urine cytology is often challenging and subject... more A definitive diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in urine cytology is often challenging and subjective. Many urine cytology samples receive an indeterminate diagnosis. Ancillary techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been used to improve the diagnostic sensitivity, but FISH is not approved as a routine screening test, and the complex fluorescent staining protocol also limits its widespread clinical use. Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an emerging technology allowing accurate measurements of the single-cell dry mass. This study was undertaken to explore the ability of QPI to improve the diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology for malignancy. QPI was performed on unstained, ThinPrep-prepared urine cytology slides from 28 patients with 4 categories of cytological diagnoses (negative, atypical, suspicious, and positive for malignancy). The nuclear/cell dry mass, the entropy, and the nucleus-to-cell mass ratio were calculated for several hundred cells for each ...
A definitive diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in urine cytology is often challenging and subject... more A definitive diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in urine cytology is often challenging and subjective. Many urine cytology samples receive an indeterminate diagnosis. Ancillary techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been used to improve the diagnostic sensitivity, but FISH is not approved as a routine screening test, and the complex fluorescent staining protocol also limits its widespread clinical use. Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an emerging technology allowing accurate measurements of the single-cell dry mass. This study was undertaken to explore the ability of QPI to improve the diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology for malignancy. QPI was performed on unstained, ThinPrep-prepared urine cytology slides from 28 patients with 4 categories of cytological diagnoses (negative, atypical, suspicious, and positive for malignancy). The nuclear/cell dry mass, the entropy, and the nucleus-to-cell mass ratio were calculated for several hundred cells for each ...
Early cancer detection currently relies on screening the entire at-risk population, as with colon... more Early cancer detection currently relies on screening the entire at-risk population, as with colonoscopy and mammography. Therefore, frequent, invasive surveillance of patients at risk for developing cancer carries financial, physical, and emotional burdens because clinicians lack tools to accurately predict which patients will actually progress into malignancy. Here we present a new method to predict cancer progression risk via nanoscale nuclear architecture mapping (nanoNAM) of unstained tissue sections based on the intrinsic density alteration of nuclear structure rather than the amount of stain uptake. We demonstrate that nanoNAM detects a gradual increase in the density alteration of nuclear architecture during malignant transformation in animal models of colon carcinogenesis and in human patients with ulcerative colitis, even in tissue that appears histologically normal according to pathologists. We evaluated the ability of nanoNAM to predict "future" cancer progressi...
1. Introduction Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has been developing at an accelerated pace over ... more 1. Introduction Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has been developing at an accelerated pace over the past several years [1]. In QPI, the phase delay induced by a specimen relative to its surroundings is measured. This phase delay is linearly related to the refractive index and thickness of the sample. For cells this refractive index is simply proportional to concentration of proteins [2].
We demonstrate real time off-axis Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) using a phase reconstruction a... more We demonstrate real time off-axis Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) using a phase reconstruction algorithm based on NVIDIA’s CUDA programming model. The phase unwrapping component is based on Goldstein’s algorithm. By mapping the process of extracting phase information and unwrapping to GPU, we are able to speed up the whole procedure by more than 18.8× with respect to CPU processing and ultimately achieve video rate for mega-pixel images. Our CUDA implementation also supports processing of multiple images simultaneously. This enables our imaging system to support high speed, high throughput, and real-time image acquisition and visualization.
One of the main computational challenges in digital fingerprinting systems is the complexity of c... more One of the main computational challenges in digital fingerprinting systems is the complexity of colluder identification. Inspired by compressive sensing approaches for support recovery of sparse vectors, we propose a novel list-decoding approach for partial colluder identification. We also derive formulas for the minimum codelength required for identifying a nonzero fraction of colluders based on noiseless and noisy measurements, using simple single-step correlation maximization techniques.
A definitive diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in urine cytology is often challenging and subject... more A definitive diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in urine cytology is often challenging and subjective. Many urine cytology samples receive an indeterminate diagnosis. Ancillary techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been used to improve the diagnostic sensitivity, but FISH is not approved as a routine screening test, and the complex fluorescent staining protocol also limits its widespread clinical use. Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an emerging technology allowing accurate measurements of the single-cell dry mass. This study was undertaken to explore the ability of QPI to improve the diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology for malignancy. QPI was performed on unstained, ThinPrep-prepared urine cytology slides from 28 patients with 4 categories of cytological diagnoses (negative, atypical, suspicious, and positive for malignancy). The nuclear/cell dry mass, the entropy, and the nucleus-to-cell mass ratio were calculated for several hundred cells for each ...
A definitive diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in urine cytology is often challenging and subject... more A definitive diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in urine cytology is often challenging and subjective. Many urine cytology samples receive an indeterminate diagnosis. Ancillary techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been used to improve the diagnostic sensitivity, but FISH is not approved as a routine screening test, and the complex fluorescent staining protocol also limits its widespread clinical use. Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an emerging technology allowing accurate measurements of the single-cell dry mass. This study was undertaken to explore the ability of QPI to improve the diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology for malignancy. QPI was performed on unstained, ThinPrep-prepared urine cytology slides from 28 patients with 4 categories of cytological diagnoses (negative, atypical, suspicious, and positive for malignancy). The nuclear/cell dry mass, the entropy, and the nucleus-to-cell mass ratio were calculated for several hundred cells for each ...
Early cancer detection currently relies on screening the entire at-risk population, as with colon... more Early cancer detection currently relies on screening the entire at-risk population, as with colonoscopy and mammography. Therefore, frequent, invasive surveillance of patients at risk for developing cancer carries financial, physical, and emotional burdens because clinicians lack tools to accurately predict which patients will actually progress into malignancy. Here we present a new method to predict cancer progression risk via nanoscale nuclear architecture mapping (nanoNAM) of unstained tissue sections based on the intrinsic density alteration of nuclear structure rather than the amount of stain uptake. We demonstrate that nanoNAM detects a gradual increase in the density alteration of nuclear architecture during malignant transformation in animal models of colon carcinogenesis and in human patients with ulcerative colitis, even in tissue that appears histologically normal according to pathologists. We evaluated the ability of nanoNAM to predict "future" cancer progressi...
1. Introduction Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has been developing at an accelerated pace over ... more 1. Introduction Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has been developing at an accelerated pace over the past several years [1]. In QPI, the phase delay induced by a specimen relative to its surroundings is measured. This phase delay is linearly related to the refractive index and thickness of the sample. For cells this refractive index is simply proportional to concentration of proteins [2].
We demonstrate real time off-axis Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) using a phase reconstruction a... more We demonstrate real time off-axis Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) using a phase reconstruction algorithm based on NVIDIA’s CUDA programming model. The phase unwrapping component is based on Goldstein’s algorithm. By mapping the process of extracting phase information and unwrapping to GPU, we are able to speed up the whole procedure by more than 18.8× with respect to CPU processing and ultimately achieve video rate for mega-pixel images. Our CUDA implementation also supports processing of multiple images simultaneously. This enables our imaging system to support high speed, high throughput, and real-time image acquisition and visualization.
One of the main computational challenges in digital fingerprinting systems is the complexity of c... more One of the main computational challenges in digital fingerprinting systems is the complexity of colluder identification. Inspired by compressive sensing approaches for support recovery of sparse vectors, we propose a novel list-decoding approach for partial colluder identification. We also derive formulas for the minimum codelength required for identifying a nonzero fraction of colluders based on noiseless and noisy measurements, using simple single-step correlation maximization techniques.
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Papers by Hoa Pham