Spectrophotometric technique is considered to be the simplest and operator friendly among other a... more Spectrophotometric technique is considered to be the simplest and operator friendly among other available analytical methods for pharmaceutical analysis. The objective of the study was to develop a precise, accurate and rapid UV-spectrophotometric method for the estimation of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) in pure and solid pharmaceutical formulation. Drug absorption was measured in various solvent systems including 0.1N HCl (pH 1.2), acetate buffer (pH 4.5), phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and distil water (pH 7.0). Method validation was performed as per official guidelines of ICH, 2005. High drug absorption was observed in 0.1N HCl medium with λmax of 261nm. The drug showed the good linearity from 20 to 60μg/mL solution concentration with the correlation coefficient linear regression equation Y= 0.1853 X + 0.1098 presenting R2 value of 0.9998. The method accuracy was evaluated by the percent drug recovery, presents more than 99% drug recovery at three different levels assessed. The % RSD value <1 was computed for inter and intraday analysis indicating the high accuracy and precision of the developed technique. The developed method is robust because it shows no any significant variation in with minute changes. The LOD and LOQ values were assessed to be 2.2μg/mL and 6.6μg/mL respectively. The investigated method proved its sensitivity, precision and accuracy hence could be successfully used to estimate the CPM content in bulk and pharmaceutical matrix tablets.
Increased anxiety and depressive symptoms have reported to be its association with long term illn... more Increased anxiety and depressive symptoms have reported to be its association with long term illness. Because of having unwanted effects of newly available drugs, patients administering anxiolytic drugs usually discontinue the treatment before they are completely recovered. Therefore, there is a serious need to develop new anxiolytic drugs. The anxiolytic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei in animal models was assessed. 24 male mice (Mus musculus genus) were included in the study. Four groups were prepared and each group contained six animals. The groups were vehicle control, positive control (diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) as well as two treatment groups receiving Agaricus blazei hydro-alcoholic extract at a dose of 136.50 mg/kg and 273.0 mg/kg orally. The Marble burying test, Nestlet shredding test and Light and Dark box test used to assess anxiolytic activity. Mice administered with diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. while hydro-alcoholic extract of AbM (136.50 and 273.0 mg/kg...
Pharmacovigilance is an essential process when dealing with the medicines. It is one of the basic... more Pharmacovigilance is an essential process when dealing with the medicines. It is one of the basic roles of community pharmacist. This role is not found in practice. Due to lacking this role, monitoring of adverse drug reactions and awareness to report them is missed in the society. However, no significant data has been published to exhibit the role of community pharmacists in Pharmacovigilance. This study was aimed to help in stowing the pharmacist role, in community Pharmacovigilance of Pakistan, to give awareness not only to community pharmacists but to regulatory authorities to establish policies regarding ADRs. A cross-sectional study was conducted through a pre-validated questionnaire. This study was conducted in 16 Districts of Sindh Province of Pakistan. 368 pharmacies/ medical stores responded to the self administered questionnaire. The results showed dependence of Awareness to the Pharmacovigilance upon Professional Status, Education of Participants and Experience of study ...
This study aimed to screen different solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) of Coelarthr... more This study aimed to screen different solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) of Coelarthrum muelleri for secondary metabolites and subject them to physicochemical analysis, including ash, swelling index, pH, and color tests with different reagents. Seaweeds have been recognized in the pharmaceutical industry for their broad spectrum of structural diversity and wide range of pharmacological activities for health and disease management. Coelarthrum muelleri from red algae was taken as a sample for this study. It was collected from the coastal range of Buleji and Kakapir beaches in Karachi, Pakistan. Three extracts of Coelarthrum muelleri (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane), depending on their polarity, were subjected to phycochemicals of ten chemical compounds (glycosides, quinones, phenols, coumarins, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins) and physicochemical test for ash value, pH value, and swelling index. The dried powder of Coelarthrum muel...
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Background: Medication prescribing errors were always known as inevitable errors in health care s... more Background: Medication prescribing errors were always known as inevitable errors in health care system which mainly includes physician’s writing error which then leads to wrong dispensing error. Manual Prescribing has now shifted to CPOE System that seems to be more efficient. Through this system, it is believed that quality and patient security is improved by lessening medicine and different mistakes at various phases of the request the board procedure and by maintaining a strategic reserve from repetitive testing. This Study was conducted to compare the prescribing errors in different hospital wards of a tertiary care hospital for in-patients by using two approaches; Manual Prescribing and CPOE System Prescribing. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on manual prescriptions for three months and on CPOE prescriptions for three months. In this way a total of 4102 prescriptions were evaluated for different types of prescribing errors occurred in different wards. Whole st...
This study assessed the prescribing pattern of irrational use of antibiotic among children under ... more This study assessed the prescribing pattern of irrational use of antibiotic among children under age of 12 years in public and private sector hospitals in Pakistan. The prospective clinical evaluation of drug utilization pattern of antimicrobials from Patient Bedside File (PBF) of in-patients and Culture Sensitivity Test (CST) reports were evaluated to determine the antibiotic resistance. Two indicators recorded to assess antibiotic prescribing were; dose of prescribed antibiotic (low-dose, rational and high -dose) and Indication (valid or invalid). Antibiotics resistance for 25 selected antibiotics was determined by culture sensitivity test. This study showed that in Private Sector Hospital 77.7% neonates, 13.3% infants and 9% children admitted in ICU were receiving antibiotics, among them only 57.3% neonates, 62% infants and 59.9% children were found valid that is prescribed antibiotics for right indication. 27% neonates, 19% infants and 22.1% children were prescribed under dose o...
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Objective: This study was aimed to establish the prevalence of overweight, obesity and related it... more Objective: This study was aimed to establish the prevalence of overweight, obesity and related its factors among the citizens of Karachi. Methodology: From Jan 2018 to August 2018. This cross-sectional analysis was conducted to obtain information from 772 persons using a validated questionnaire and traditional height and weight evaluation methods have been used. Overweight and obesity were described by South Asian cut-off points as 23 ≥ BMI (Normal), 25.0 - 29.9 BMI (Overweight) and 30 ≤ BMI (Obese) respectively. For data processing, version 21.0 of SPSS was used. Results: In this sample study men was 44.5% and women was 55.5%.Age group 20-39 was the most numerous group which was 55.70%. Among Overweight and obesity were found to be higher in men than in women. About 23.3% of the people were smokers, 1.42% was alcohol consumer, while 20.3% had vegetarian diet, 55.8% had semi-vegetarian diet, and 23.8% had non-vegetarian diet. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among individual...
Many herbomineral preparations in traditional medicines are being used from time immemorial like ... more Many herbomineral preparations in traditional medicines are being used from time immemorial like Kushta Abrak Safaid, Busoor-e-Labinyah etc. as therapeutics remedies in common ailments such type of preparations are known to have additive and pronounced effects to cure any obstinate disease condition. The main objective of this research study is the formulation of herbomineral capsule (ALG-06) to treat such type of condition like hypopigmentation in case of vitiligo. In order to achieve the best quality of this formulation physicochemical analysis i.e. fluorescence test, ash values, extractive values and moisture content of combined powdered drug of herbs and minerals were performed followed by phytopharmaceutical calculation of flow ability of blended powder by means of angle of repose, porosity, bulk and tap density, compressibility and hausner ratio, these properties assisted to estimate the best form of powdered material filled in right size of capsule for the desired strength i....
Purpose: The theme of this research is to assess the persistence of migraine among students of SM... more Purpose: The theme of this research is to assess the persistence of migraine among students of SMBB Medical University, Larkana. Methodology: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University (SMBBMU) Larkana for the duration of 7.3 months from 6th of May 2017 to 9th of December 2017 and migraine persistence was assessed among medical students. A questionnaire was given to them to evaluate the severity of migraine. Students with severe head injury or any other medical complications was excluded were not included in this research. Results: A contributive sampling techniques was used to collect the data for analysis. Total 213 study subjects had participated in this research including 137 male students and 76 female students. Specific measuring tool was used to identify the severity of migraine with mild, moderate and severe were used as parameters for identification of severity. Conclusion: Frequency of headache was observed m...
Introduction: Colistimethate sodium (CMS) is a polymyxin group of antibiotics which were throw ou... more Introduction: Colistimethate sodium (CMS) is a polymyxin group of antibiotics which were throw out for many years, due to their potential adverse reaction neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The different guidelines were reported regarding CMS dosing some based on Creatinine clearance (CrCl) and some on weight and CrCl. There are many discrepancies in the prevalence of nephrotoxicity that has been reported which included various definitions of acute renal injury and Original Research Article Arif et al.; JPRI, 33(16): 62-68, 2021; Article no.JPRI.66502 63 many CMS doses used in a variety of literature. In EMA guideline they suggested the dose as 9 MIU which is equivalent to 300 mg of CBA given as a maintenance dose with normal renal function patients. In FDA standard dosing of CMS remains 5 mg/kg CBA per day used and also dose is dependent on patient weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosing criteria of colistimethate sodium associated with nephrotoxicity. Methodology: ...
Spectrophotometric technique is considered to be the simplest and operator friendly among other a... more Spectrophotometric technique is considered to be the simplest and operator friendly among other available analytical methods for pharmaceutical analysis. The objective of the study was to develop a precise, accurate and rapid UV-spectrophotometric method for the estimation of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) in pure and solid pharmaceutical formulation. Drug absorption was measured in various solvent systems including 0.1N HCl (pH 1.2), acetate buffer (pH 4.5), phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and distil water (pH 7.0). Method validation was performed as per official guidelines of ICH, 2005. High drug absorption was observed in 0.1N HCl medium with λmax of 261nm. The drug showed the good linearity from 20 to 60μg/mL solution concentration with the correlation coefficient linear regression equation Y= 0.1853 X + 0.1098 presenting R2 value of 0.9998. The method accuracy was evaluated by the percent drug recovery, presents more than 99% drug recovery at three different levels assessed. The % RS...
The antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Hibiscus schizopetalus (Mast) Hook (Malvace... more The antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Hibiscus schizopetalus (Mast) Hook (Malvaceae) flower and leaves extracts were investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The hypoglycemic activity of both the extracts (100mg/kg, body weight) was tested in fasting normal rat, glucose loaded rats. Observation on body weight was also recorded. The extracts showed a significant (p<0.001) reduction in blood glucose level in normal fasting rats. In glucose tolerance test, significant (p<0.01) decreased observed in all glucose loaded animals. While in alloxan induced diabetic rats, the percent blood glucose reduction was 59.94% and 45.14% in extracts treated groups. The results obtained were compared with the reference standard drug Tolbutamide (100mg/kg, body weight). The diabetic rats showed sign of decreased in their body weight during the treatment period. Cholesterol and triglycerides levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001) by HFE. The results obtained demonstr...
Introduction: Hirsutism is in fact unwanted growth of hairs on the various parts of body of femal... more Introduction: Hirsutism is in fact unwanted growth of hairs on the various parts of body of females. Hairs arises particularly on those parts of the body on which hairs are not grown normally in females such as chin, upper lips, abdomen, legs, shoulder and back of the body. Various reasons Original Research Article Huma et al.; JPRI, 33(12): 44-50, 2021; Article no.JPRI.66118 45 are reported till so far for the hirsutism development. The prevalence of hirsutism was very low. Methodology: Across-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care hospital of Sindh, Pakisan for the period of 06 months. A well structured questionnaire was developed comprises on three parts. Which was given to the female students and all the participants were guided regarding filling of that proforma and Ferriman-Gallway scale was used to measure the frequency parameters of Hirsutism. Results: The condition of hirsutism was found among 183 participants, the distribution of hairs was quite different in all se...
Standardization of phytopharmaceuticals are much needed to authenticate by natural or others scie... more Standardization of phytopharmaceuticals are much needed to authenticate by natural or others scientific means therefore, in this research we performed pharmacognostic studies of four herbs Trigonella foenum graecum L. (1) , Azadirachta indica L .(2), Psoralea corylifolia L .(3), Punica granatum L .(4 ) and two minerals red ochre (5) and purified sulphur (6) for herbomineral formulation (ALG-O6) to cure vitiligo. Fresh or dried seeds of all these herbs as well as their powdered samples were studied according to micro morphological, anatomical and histological aspects by using various chemical reagents. The common characteristic features of the sample herbs were parenchyma and sclerenchymatous cells were present in Azadirachta indica L. , Punica granatum L. and Trigonella foenum graecum L. , oil cells were seen in Azadirachta indica L. ( large thin walled) and Psoralea corylifolia L. (medium thick walled), Ca oxalate crystals prism like were present in Azadiracta indica L. and both ty...
Casuarina equisetifolia L. is an important medicinal plant widely used to treat various diseases ... more Casuarina equisetifolia L. is an important medicinal plant widely used to treat various diseases particularly ulcers, diabetes, cough, diarrhea and many infectious and skin diseases. The aim of this research study was to examine the killing mechanism and killing kinetics assay of methanolic bark extract of C. equisetifolia against some highly resistant human pathogens. The comparison on antibacterial activity of extract was firstly done with six different well reputed antibiotics using disk diffusion method. The broth dilution method was used to measure the MIC and MBC values. The mechanism of killing was identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. Results showed that higher inhibitory zones were produced by methanolic plant extract than that of some tested antibiotics. The lower MIC and MBC values indicated the antibacterial potency of plant extract. The extract of C. equisetifolia produced a more drop in optical density of S. aureus, MRSA B. subtilis and S. epiderm...
The advancement of computerized physician order entry system has delivered a fast social move in ... more The advancement of computerized physician order entry system has delivered a fast social move in the realm of medication, introducing both new difficulties just as open doors for improving medicinal services. As clinicians work to adjust to the progressions forced by the CPOE, identification of best practices are required for CPOE’s effective implementation. Using the references of published articles on CPOE’s effective implementation and obstacles in its adherence in hospitals, this article aims to identify best practices and useful tools in effective implementation of CPOE. This review is based on a search of Medline, the Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, and citation lists of relevant publications. Subject heading and key words used include construction and working of CPOE, CPOE related errors, impact of CPOE on medication errors and obstacles in CPOE effective implementation. Only articles in English were included. Review Article Qureshi et al.; JPRI, 32(39): 27-33, 2020; A...
Objective: This study was aimed to establish the prevalence of overweight, obesity and related it... more Objective: This study was aimed to establish the prevalence of overweight, obesity and related its factors among the citizens of Karachi. Methodology: From Jan 2018 to August 2018. This cross-sectional analysis was conducted to obtain information from 772 persons using a validated questionnaire and traditional height and weight evaluation methods have been used. Overweight and obesity were described by South Asian cut-off points as 23 ≥ BMI (Normal), 25.0 - 29.9 BMI (Overweight) and 30 ≤ BMI (Obese) respectively. For data processing, version 21.0 of SPSS was used. Results: In this sample study men was 44.5% and women was 55.5%.Age group 20-39 was the most numerous group which was 55.70%. Among Overweight and obesity were found to be higher in men than in women. About 23.3% of the people were smokers, 1.42% was alcohol consumer, while 20.3% had vegetarian diet, 55.8% had semi-vegetarian diet, and 23.8% had non-vegetarian diet. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among individual...
Spectrophotometric technique is considered to be the simplest and operator friendly among other a... more Spectrophotometric technique is considered to be the simplest and operator friendly among other available analytical methods for pharmaceutical analysis. The objective of the study was to develop a precise, accurate and rapid UV-spectrophotometric method for the estimation of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) in pure and solid pharmaceutical formulation. Drug absorption was measured in various solvent systems including 0.1N HCl (pH 1.2), acetate buffer (pH 4.5), phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and distil water (pH 7.0). Method validation was performed as per official guidelines of ICH, 2005. High drug absorption was observed in 0.1N HCl medium with λmax of 261nm. The drug showed the good linearity from 20 to 60μg/mL solution concentration with the correlation coefficient linear regression equation Y= 0.1853 X + 0.1098 presenting R2 value of 0.9998. The method accuracy was evaluated by the percent drug recovery, presents more than 99% drug recovery at three different levels assessed. The % RSD value <1 was computed for inter and intraday analysis indicating the high accuracy and precision of the developed technique. The developed method is robust because it shows no any significant variation in with minute changes. The LOD and LOQ values were assessed to be 2.2μg/mL and 6.6μg/mL respectively. The investigated method proved its sensitivity, precision and accuracy hence could be successfully used to estimate the CPM content in bulk and pharmaceutical matrix tablets.
Increased anxiety and depressive symptoms have reported to be its association with long term illn... more Increased anxiety and depressive symptoms have reported to be its association with long term illness. Because of having unwanted effects of newly available drugs, patients administering anxiolytic drugs usually discontinue the treatment before they are completely recovered. Therefore, there is a serious need to develop new anxiolytic drugs. The anxiolytic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei in animal models was assessed. 24 male mice (Mus musculus genus) were included in the study. Four groups were prepared and each group contained six animals. The groups were vehicle control, positive control (diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) as well as two treatment groups receiving Agaricus blazei hydro-alcoholic extract at a dose of 136.50 mg/kg and 273.0 mg/kg orally. The Marble burying test, Nestlet shredding test and Light and Dark box test used to assess anxiolytic activity. Mice administered with diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. while hydro-alcoholic extract of AbM (136.50 and 273.0 mg/kg...
Pharmacovigilance is an essential process when dealing with the medicines. It is one of the basic... more Pharmacovigilance is an essential process when dealing with the medicines. It is one of the basic roles of community pharmacist. This role is not found in practice. Due to lacking this role, monitoring of adverse drug reactions and awareness to report them is missed in the society. However, no significant data has been published to exhibit the role of community pharmacists in Pharmacovigilance. This study was aimed to help in stowing the pharmacist role, in community Pharmacovigilance of Pakistan, to give awareness not only to community pharmacists but to regulatory authorities to establish policies regarding ADRs. A cross-sectional study was conducted through a pre-validated questionnaire. This study was conducted in 16 Districts of Sindh Province of Pakistan. 368 pharmacies/ medical stores responded to the self administered questionnaire. The results showed dependence of Awareness to the Pharmacovigilance upon Professional Status, Education of Participants and Experience of study ...
This study aimed to screen different solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) of Coelarthr... more This study aimed to screen different solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) of Coelarthrum muelleri for secondary metabolites and subject them to physicochemical analysis, including ash, swelling index, pH, and color tests with different reagents. Seaweeds have been recognized in the pharmaceutical industry for their broad spectrum of structural diversity and wide range of pharmacological activities for health and disease management. Coelarthrum muelleri from red algae was taken as a sample for this study. It was collected from the coastal range of Buleji and Kakapir beaches in Karachi, Pakistan. Three extracts of Coelarthrum muelleri (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane), depending on their polarity, were subjected to phycochemicals of ten chemical compounds (glycosides, quinones, phenols, coumarins, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins) and physicochemical test for ash value, pH value, and swelling index. The dried powder of Coelarthrum muel...
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Background: Medication prescribing errors were always known as inevitable errors in health care s... more Background: Medication prescribing errors were always known as inevitable errors in health care system which mainly includes physician’s writing error which then leads to wrong dispensing error. Manual Prescribing has now shifted to CPOE System that seems to be more efficient. Through this system, it is believed that quality and patient security is improved by lessening medicine and different mistakes at various phases of the request the board procedure and by maintaining a strategic reserve from repetitive testing. This Study was conducted to compare the prescribing errors in different hospital wards of a tertiary care hospital for in-patients by using two approaches; Manual Prescribing and CPOE System Prescribing. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on manual prescriptions for three months and on CPOE prescriptions for three months. In this way a total of 4102 prescriptions were evaluated for different types of prescribing errors occurred in different wards. Whole st...
This study assessed the prescribing pattern of irrational use of antibiotic among children under ... more This study assessed the prescribing pattern of irrational use of antibiotic among children under age of 12 years in public and private sector hospitals in Pakistan. The prospective clinical evaluation of drug utilization pattern of antimicrobials from Patient Bedside File (PBF) of in-patients and Culture Sensitivity Test (CST) reports were evaluated to determine the antibiotic resistance. Two indicators recorded to assess antibiotic prescribing were; dose of prescribed antibiotic (low-dose, rational and high -dose) and Indication (valid or invalid). Antibiotics resistance for 25 selected antibiotics was determined by culture sensitivity test. This study showed that in Private Sector Hospital 77.7% neonates, 13.3% infants and 9% children admitted in ICU were receiving antibiotics, among them only 57.3% neonates, 62% infants and 59.9% children were found valid that is prescribed antibiotics for right indication. 27% neonates, 19% infants and 22.1% children were prescribed under dose o...
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Objective: This study was aimed to establish the prevalence of overweight, obesity and related it... more Objective: This study was aimed to establish the prevalence of overweight, obesity and related its factors among the citizens of Karachi. Methodology: From Jan 2018 to August 2018. This cross-sectional analysis was conducted to obtain information from 772 persons using a validated questionnaire and traditional height and weight evaluation methods have been used. Overweight and obesity were described by South Asian cut-off points as 23 ≥ BMI (Normal), 25.0 - 29.9 BMI (Overweight) and 30 ≤ BMI (Obese) respectively. For data processing, version 21.0 of SPSS was used. Results: In this sample study men was 44.5% and women was 55.5%.Age group 20-39 was the most numerous group which was 55.70%. Among Overweight and obesity were found to be higher in men than in women. About 23.3% of the people were smokers, 1.42% was alcohol consumer, while 20.3% had vegetarian diet, 55.8% had semi-vegetarian diet, and 23.8% had non-vegetarian diet. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among individual...
Many herbomineral preparations in traditional medicines are being used from time immemorial like ... more Many herbomineral preparations in traditional medicines are being used from time immemorial like Kushta Abrak Safaid, Busoor-e-Labinyah etc. as therapeutics remedies in common ailments such type of preparations are known to have additive and pronounced effects to cure any obstinate disease condition. The main objective of this research study is the formulation of herbomineral capsule (ALG-06) to treat such type of condition like hypopigmentation in case of vitiligo. In order to achieve the best quality of this formulation physicochemical analysis i.e. fluorescence test, ash values, extractive values and moisture content of combined powdered drug of herbs and minerals were performed followed by phytopharmaceutical calculation of flow ability of blended powder by means of angle of repose, porosity, bulk and tap density, compressibility and hausner ratio, these properties assisted to estimate the best form of powdered material filled in right size of capsule for the desired strength i....
Purpose: The theme of this research is to assess the persistence of migraine among students of SM... more Purpose: The theme of this research is to assess the persistence of migraine among students of SMBB Medical University, Larkana. Methodology: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University (SMBBMU) Larkana for the duration of 7.3 months from 6th of May 2017 to 9th of December 2017 and migraine persistence was assessed among medical students. A questionnaire was given to them to evaluate the severity of migraine. Students with severe head injury or any other medical complications was excluded were not included in this research. Results: A contributive sampling techniques was used to collect the data for analysis. Total 213 study subjects had participated in this research including 137 male students and 76 female students. Specific measuring tool was used to identify the severity of migraine with mild, moderate and severe were used as parameters for identification of severity. Conclusion: Frequency of headache was observed m...
Introduction: Colistimethate sodium (CMS) is a polymyxin group of antibiotics which were throw ou... more Introduction: Colistimethate sodium (CMS) is a polymyxin group of antibiotics which were throw out for many years, due to their potential adverse reaction neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The different guidelines were reported regarding CMS dosing some based on Creatinine clearance (CrCl) and some on weight and CrCl. There are many discrepancies in the prevalence of nephrotoxicity that has been reported which included various definitions of acute renal injury and Original Research Article Arif et al.; JPRI, 33(16): 62-68, 2021; Article no.JPRI.66502 63 many CMS doses used in a variety of literature. In EMA guideline they suggested the dose as 9 MIU which is equivalent to 300 mg of CBA given as a maintenance dose with normal renal function patients. In FDA standard dosing of CMS remains 5 mg/kg CBA per day used and also dose is dependent on patient weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosing criteria of colistimethate sodium associated with nephrotoxicity. Methodology: ...
Spectrophotometric technique is considered to be the simplest and operator friendly among other a... more Spectrophotometric technique is considered to be the simplest and operator friendly among other available analytical methods for pharmaceutical analysis. The objective of the study was to develop a precise, accurate and rapid UV-spectrophotometric method for the estimation of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) in pure and solid pharmaceutical formulation. Drug absorption was measured in various solvent systems including 0.1N HCl (pH 1.2), acetate buffer (pH 4.5), phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and distil water (pH 7.0). Method validation was performed as per official guidelines of ICH, 2005. High drug absorption was observed in 0.1N HCl medium with λmax of 261nm. The drug showed the good linearity from 20 to 60μg/mL solution concentration with the correlation coefficient linear regression equation Y= 0.1853 X + 0.1098 presenting R2 value of 0.9998. The method accuracy was evaluated by the percent drug recovery, presents more than 99% drug recovery at three different levels assessed. The % RS...
The antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Hibiscus schizopetalus (Mast) Hook (Malvace... more The antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Hibiscus schizopetalus (Mast) Hook (Malvaceae) flower and leaves extracts were investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The hypoglycemic activity of both the extracts (100mg/kg, body weight) was tested in fasting normal rat, glucose loaded rats. Observation on body weight was also recorded. The extracts showed a significant (p<0.001) reduction in blood glucose level in normal fasting rats. In glucose tolerance test, significant (p<0.01) decreased observed in all glucose loaded animals. While in alloxan induced diabetic rats, the percent blood glucose reduction was 59.94% and 45.14% in extracts treated groups. The results obtained were compared with the reference standard drug Tolbutamide (100mg/kg, body weight). The diabetic rats showed sign of decreased in their body weight during the treatment period. Cholesterol and triglycerides levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001) by HFE. The results obtained demonstr...
Introduction: Hirsutism is in fact unwanted growth of hairs on the various parts of body of femal... more Introduction: Hirsutism is in fact unwanted growth of hairs on the various parts of body of females. Hairs arises particularly on those parts of the body on which hairs are not grown normally in females such as chin, upper lips, abdomen, legs, shoulder and back of the body. Various reasons Original Research Article Huma et al.; JPRI, 33(12): 44-50, 2021; Article no.JPRI.66118 45 are reported till so far for the hirsutism development. The prevalence of hirsutism was very low. Methodology: Across-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care hospital of Sindh, Pakisan for the period of 06 months. A well structured questionnaire was developed comprises on three parts. Which was given to the female students and all the participants were guided regarding filling of that proforma and Ferriman-Gallway scale was used to measure the frequency parameters of Hirsutism. Results: The condition of hirsutism was found among 183 participants, the distribution of hairs was quite different in all se...
Standardization of phytopharmaceuticals are much needed to authenticate by natural or others scie... more Standardization of phytopharmaceuticals are much needed to authenticate by natural or others scientific means therefore, in this research we performed pharmacognostic studies of four herbs Trigonella foenum graecum L. (1) , Azadirachta indica L .(2), Psoralea corylifolia L .(3), Punica granatum L .(4 ) and two minerals red ochre (5) and purified sulphur (6) for herbomineral formulation (ALG-O6) to cure vitiligo. Fresh or dried seeds of all these herbs as well as their powdered samples were studied according to micro morphological, anatomical and histological aspects by using various chemical reagents. The common characteristic features of the sample herbs were parenchyma and sclerenchymatous cells were present in Azadirachta indica L. , Punica granatum L. and Trigonella foenum graecum L. , oil cells were seen in Azadirachta indica L. ( large thin walled) and Psoralea corylifolia L. (medium thick walled), Ca oxalate crystals prism like were present in Azadiracta indica L. and both ty...
Casuarina equisetifolia L. is an important medicinal plant widely used to treat various diseases ... more Casuarina equisetifolia L. is an important medicinal plant widely used to treat various diseases particularly ulcers, diabetes, cough, diarrhea and many infectious and skin diseases. The aim of this research study was to examine the killing mechanism and killing kinetics assay of methanolic bark extract of C. equisetifolia against some highly resistant human pathogens. The comparison on antibacterial activity of extract was firstly done with six different well reputed antibiotics using disk diffusion method. The broth dilution method was used to measure the MIC and MBC values. The mechanism of killing was identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. Results showed that higher inhibitory zones were produced by methanolic plant extract than that of some tested antibiotics. The lower MIC and MBC values indicated the antibacterial potency of plant extract. The extract of C. equisetifolia produced a more drop in optical density of S. aureus, MRSA B. subtilis and S. epiderm...
The advancement of computerized physician order entry system has delivered a fast social move in ... more The advancement of computerized physician order entry system has delivered a fast social move in the realm of medication, introducing both new difficulties just as open doors for improving medicinal services. As clinicians work to adjust to the progressions forced by the CPOE, identification of best practices are required for CPOE’s effective implementation. Using the references of published articles on CPOE’s effective implementation and obstacles in its adherence in hospitals, this article aims to identify best practices and useful tools in effective implementation of CPOE. This review is based on a search of Medline, the Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, and citation lists of relevant publications. Subject heading and key words used include construction and working of CPOE, CPOE related errors, impact of CPOE on medication errors and obstacles in CPOE effective implementation. Only articles in English were included. Review Article Qureshi et al.; JPRI, 32(39): 27-33, 2020; A...
Objective: This study was aimed to establish the prevalence of overweight, obesity and related it... more Objective: This study was aimed to establish the prevalence of overweight, obesity and related its factors among the citizens of Karachi. Methodology: From Jan 2018 to August 2018. This cross-sectional analysis was conducted to obtain information from 772 persons using a validated questionnaire and traditional height and weight evaluation methods have been used. Overweight and obesity were described by South Asian cut-off points as 23 ≥ BMI (Normal), 25.0 - 29.9 BMI (Overweight) and 30 ≤ BMI (Obese) respectively. For data processing, version 21.0 of SPSS was used. Results: In this sample study men was 44.5% and women was 55.5%.Age group 20-39 was the most numerous group which was 55.70%. Among Overweight and obesity were found to be higher in men than in women. About 23.3% of the people were smokers, 1.42% was alcohol consumer, while 20.3% had vegetarian diet, 55.8% had semi-vegetarian diet, and 23.8% had non-vegetarian diet. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among individual...
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