Anna Meskhi’s latest monograph “The Unwritten History of the Meskhis” identifies what appears to ... more Anna Meskhi’s latest monograph “The Unwritten History of the Meskhis” identifies what appears to be the common origin of two highly influential personalities – Meskiagasher of Uruk, a Sumerian priest-king, and our contemporary Elon Musk. This relationship, dormant for over 5,000 years, can be traced through the linguoculturological study of the Kartvelian ethnic surname group Meskhi, Muskhi, Moskhi, and Maskhi. “The Unwritten History of the Meskhis” is the first in a series of works divulging a fascinated interconnectedness between our multinational world and our distant ancestors. It is set to provoke debate, and also contribute to greater understanding of what we are and what shaped the world we live in.
Part IV completes the English translation of my 2011a monograph titled "Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egypt... more Part IV completes the English translation of my 2011a monograph titled "Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology". This part is devoted to the etymological examination of Egyptian divine and royal names as well as fundamental religious concepts and their formulas. These, coupled with a number of divine names that grant the Kartvelian people the status of God are a vivid demonstration of the Kartvelian source of this ancient world.
The translation of Part III of my monograph titled Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology... more The translation of Part III of my monograph titled Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology (Tbilisi 2011) sheds light on a completely different history of alphabetic writing – the history whose beginnings have been lying dormant for the last 4,000 years. The linguoculturological examination of the Mother-Phoenician, Greek, and Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabets leads to conclusions that go contrary to accepted theories and views. Thus, the Kartuli Asomtavruli ABC, thought to have been derived from either Phoenician or Greek is, in fact, a parent system, while the other two regarded to represent the most significant stages in the progress of alphabetic literacy, represent either its extension or a dependent structure. The newly discovered relations between the Kartuli Asomtavruli, Phoenician, and Greek scripts rest and grow out from codified patterns which make unusual, unfamiliar, and unpredictable use of phonetic values, alphabetic ordering, numerical significance, and, of course, etymology. The Kartvelian etymology of the seemingly primitive names of the Phoenician letters, Aleph, Daleth, and Taw (as well as ‘Ayin from Part I) first die and then resurrect to the divine status, exhibiting their great indebtedness to Kartvelian folklore and Kartvelian culture, in general.
The translation of Part II of my monograph titled Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology ... more The translation of Part II of my monograph titled Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology (Tbilisi 2011) offers readers a unique opportunity to take a linguistic and culturological tour across millennia where their guide is the Phoenician Āleph and its super-informational group (SIG). The SIG is a completely novel phenomenon whose formation occurs only when the Kartvelian languages and culture are involved in prehistoric studies. The SIG is targeted NOT at familiar phono-semantic etymons known from historical linguistics, but at huge culturological information of our past: linguistic, religious, paleographic, historical, geographical, ethnological, archaeological, and symbolic, pointing to the genetic source of the analyzed word. The Phoenician ‘Āleph and its six Kartvelian etymons (qalibi ‘mold, x̣ai/xari ‘bull’, xareba ‘give joyful tidings’, xalepo ‘vicious’, ‘deadly’, xar ‘(you) are”, and xarxar ‘silly laughter’) are a good example to demonstrate how Kartvelian archetypes enable analyzed words to develop multiple visible and invisible ties not only with their source, but also within their native languages and culture, and far beyond.
"Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology" offers readers a unique opportunity to get acqua... more "Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology" offers readers a unique opportunity to get acquainted with a new look at old problems, make use of novel ways of solving various issues, and building a logical, harmonious, and continuous picture of our past outlining, at the same time, its perspectives for future studies. "Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology" is a scholarly “adventure” of the manuscript that was found in the Bamiyan caves (Afghanistan) and taken to the British Museum for assessment and possible purchase. The manuscript had tiny stone seals engraved carefully and attached to several pages of the manuscript whose upper registers featured two letter-signs of the Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet – Ghani and Doni. A detailed paleographic analysis of the Bamiyan and Kartuli Asomtavruli letters made it necessary to include a number of scholarly fields into the study. These included Assyriology, Egyptology, historical linguistics, paleography, history, archaeology, ethnology, and Kartvelology. A comprehensive scrutiny of various graphic and semantic issues of the Bamyian and Asomtavruli letter-signs through the mentioned fields uncovered concealed sacred and codified relations of the Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet with the Phoenician and Greek alphabets, with Sumerian and Egyptian royal and divine insignia, various symbols, cuneiform letters, hieroglyphs, and many more. A complex methodology combining traditional linguistic and culturological methods with the means and techniques of the ancient esoteric science of the Kabbalah deciphered and uncovered the Kartvelian origin of numerous language items related to the discussed problems. The work is in Georgian and has a long summary in English at the end.
This is the translation of Part I of my monograph titled "Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguocult... more This is the translation of Part I of my monograph titled "Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology", which was published in Georgian in 2011. This section is a scholarly “adventure” of the manuscript that was found in the Bamiyan caves (Afghanistan) and taken to the British Museum for assessment and possible purchase. The manuscript had tiny stone seals engraved carefully and attached to several pages of the manuscript whose upper registers featured two letter-signs of the Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet – Ghani and Doni. A detailed linguoculturological and paleographic analyses of the Bamiyan and Kartuli Asomtavruli letters made it necessary to include a number of scholarly fields into the study. These included Assyriology, Egyptology, historical linguistics, paleography, history, archaeology, ethnology, and Kartvelology. As a result, the book and Part I in particular, offers readers a unique opportunity to get acquainted with a new look at old problems, make use of novel ways of solving various issues, and build a logical, harmonious and continuous picture of our past outlining, at the same time, its perspectives for future studies.
Part V
Mesopotamian Symbols a... more Part V
Mesopotamian Symbols and Kartuli Asomtavruli Doni
The present work is the translation of Part V of my monograph titled Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology. It was published in Georgian in 2011. Although it is connected with the previous four parts of the book, it can still be read as an independent piece. This section of the book, Mesopotamian Symbols and Kartuli Asomtavruli Doni, deciphers both the graphics and semantics of Sumerian divine and royal insignia avoiding decipherment for centuries. They include ‘the Rod and Ring’, ‘the Ring-Poles’, ‘the Fertility Vase’ and various pieces of jewelry intimately connected with the mentioned symbols. Graphically, all these items originate from Letter Doni (#4) of the first Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet. This letter is one of the divinity letter-signs of the alphabet and symbolizes not only the Sun-God, but the entire solar astronomy. Being the derivatives of the Kartuli Asomtavruli Doni, the Sumerian divine and royal insignia and divine and royal accessories acquire the astronomical knowledge hidden in the Kartvelian letter.
Sections of this work were presented at five RAI-s: RAI-51, Chicago 2005; RAI-52, Munster 2006; RAI-53, Mocow-St. Petersburg 2007; RAI-57, Rome 2011.
Currently, the rest of the book is being translated into English, and each part will be uploaded upon completion.
“English Syntax (With 1000 Georgian Sentences, English Keys, and Commentaries” is a supplementary... more “English Syntax (With 1000 Georgian Sentences, English Keys, and Commentaries” is a supplementary textbook designed to help Georgian High School students (9th–12th grades), teachers, and anyone willing to study English to overcome a number of syntactic difficulties in the process of learning. The textbook is written in Georgian and English and will also help foreigners willing to master such a challenging language as Georgian.
This book is the Georgian version of my "Kartvelian and Sumerian Language Similarities". It consi... more This book is the Georgian version of my "Kartvelian and Sumerian Language Similarities". It consists of five independent articles focusing on five Sumerian lexemes (kakkala, kabkab, ugula, gub, kar) and their Kartvelian origin.
The book examines several Sumerian words of unknown origin and shows that they derive from the Ka... more The book examines several Sumerian words of unknown origin and shows that they derive from the Kartvelian language depth. The book includes five articles etymologizing the Sumerian "kakkala" 'plant', "kabkab" 'bird', "ugula" 'overseer', "gub" 'to stand', "kan" 'door', and a few homonymous "kar" lexemes.
The booklet "Contribution of the Caucasian Race to World Civilization" is dedicated to the study ... more The booklet "Contribution of the Caucasian Race to World Civilization" is dedicated to the study of the contribution of the Kartvelian (Georgian) people to world civilization. It summarizes the basic results of the research the author, Revaz Gabashvili, conducted for 25-30 years. The sizable original of the work is, unfortunately, lost.
This paper highlights the importance of phonology in second language learning, comparing phonetic... more This paper highlights the importance of phonology in second language learning, comparing phonetic mistakes made by adult native speakers of English learning Georgian and adult native speakers of Georgian learning English. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic, systemic approach to teaching second languages that involves making the first language part of the whole teaching and learning process. The paper describes a systemic approach to vowel acquisition, examining the phonological and vowel systems of English and Georgian (similarity and absence of sounds) and short vowels versus Georgian monophthongs (similarity and absence of sounds and absence of microsystems: diphthongs and triphthongs). It discusses consonantal systems of Georgian and English. It concludes that second language learners try to pronounce target sounds based on the native language's sound repertoire as well as the sound systems of other languages acquired previously. This storehouse of sounds is the learner's main resource for target sound acquisition and is a logical way to proceed from the familiar to the unfamiliar. Once the selection is made, the sounds make up a special reference sound group (RSG) to which the learner may refer as needed. The degree of similarity or dissimilarity existing between first and second language phonemes affects the nature of the RSG. Helpful tips for teachers for the application of the "Systemic Method" in foreign language teaching is appended. (Contains 24 notes, 19 tables, and 12 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement ED CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
რეზიუმე
სტატია სათაურით „სიწმინდის კრიზისის პრობლემა ტომას პინჩონის რომანში „მიზიდულობის ცისარტყე... more რეზიუმე სტატია სათაურით „სიწმინდის კრიზისის პრობლემა ტომას პინჩონის რომანში „მიზიდულობის ცისარტყელა“ ეყრდნობა ჩემი საკანდიდატო დისერტაციის ნაშრომს სამეცნიერო-ტექნიკური ტერმინების სემანტიკური და ფუნქციური თავისებურებანი მხატვრულ ტექსტში, თბილისი, 1990. იგი ჟურნალ ცისკრის 1991 წლის პირველ ნომერში დაიბეჭდა. ნაშრომის მიზანია ზე-წამოწიოს დაახლოებით ათას ფურცლიანი ლიტერატურული შედევრის ხაზებს შუა ჩამალული ესთეტიკურ-შემეცნებითი ინფორმაცია. მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ თხრობა მეორე მსოფლიო ომის ევროპაში იშლება, რომანის რეალური გზავნილი ტერმინოლოგიური ერთეულების კონტექსტურ მნიშვნელობებში იყრის თავს. ესენია, მაგალითად, ადენოიდი, პარანოია, დოდო, პრეტერიტი და სხვ. ადენოიდი ბოროტების კონკრეტული განსხეულებაა მაშინ, როდესაც პარანოია ადენოიდის ბატონობას აღწერს. ეს არის დრო, როდესაც ადენოიდი-ბოროტება თავის უძირო კრიპტში იწოვს ყველასა და ყველაფერს. ესაა დრო, რომელიც ადგილს არ უტოვებს არც პატიოსნებას, არც სიკეთეს, არც სიყვარულს და არც ზნეობრიობის უმცირეს გამოხატულებასაც კი. 50-წლის წინანდელი ეს სცენარი* თანამედროვე მსოფლიოს — სარს-კოვ2-ის რეალური სურათიცაა, სადაც ზნეობრიობის კრიზისი და მსოფლიო ბატონობისკენ ბოროტების შეუჩერებელი სრბოლაა გაბატონებული.
*მიზიდულობის ცისარტყელა პირველად 1973 წელს დაიბეჭდა.
Abstract
The article entitled “The Crisis of Morality in Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow” is t... more Abstract The article entitled “The Crisis of Morality in Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow” is translated from my Georgian article based on my PhD dissertation (Semantic and Functional Characteristics of Terminological Units in Literary Texts). It was published in Tsiskari #1, 1991. The paper aims to reveal the aesthetic-cognitive information hidden between the lines of this about-a-thousand-page-long literary masterpiece. Although the narrative is set against the background of WWII Europe, the true message of the novel is concentrated in the contextual use of terminological units, such as the adenoid, paranoia, dodo, preterit, etc. Adenoid is a concrete incarnation of Evil, while paranoia is the time of Adenoid-Evil’s reign, which sucks in everyone and everything into its bottomless crypt. It leaves no place for honesty, kindness, love or even the tiniest sight of morality. This 50-year-old* “scenario” is very true of our contemporary world – the world of Sars-Cov2 with the crisis of morality and the incessant struggle of the Evil to control the world. * Gravity’s Rainbow was first published in 1973.
Anna Meskhi’s latest monograph “The Unwritten History of the Meskhis” identifies what appears to ... more Anna Meskhi’s latest monograph “The Unwritten History of the Meskhis” identifies what appears to be the common origin of two highly influential personalities – Meskiagasher of Uruk, a Sumerian priest-king, and our contemporary Elon Musk. This relationship, dormant for over 5,000 years, can be traced through the linguoculturological study of the Kartvelian ethnic surname group Meskhi, Muskhi, Moskhi, and Maskhi. “The Unwritten History of the Meskhis” is the first in a series of works divulging a fascinated interconnectedness between our multinational world and our distant ancestors. It is set to provoke debate, and also contribute to greater understanding of what we are and what shaped the world we live in.
Part IV completes the English translation of my 2011a monograph titled "Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egypt... more Part IV completes the English translation of my 2011a monograph titled "Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology". This part is devoted to the etymological examination of Egyptian divine and royal names as well as fundamental religious concepts and their formulas. These, coupled with a number of divine names that grant the Kartvelian people the status of God are a vivid demonstration of the Kartvelian source of this ancient world.
The translation of Part III of my monograph titled Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology... more The translation of Part III of my monograph titled Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology (Tbilisi 2011) sheds light on a completely different history of alphabetic writing – the history whose beginnings have been lying dormant for the last 4,000 years. The linguoculturological examination of the Mother-Phoenician, Greek, and Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabets leads to conclusions that go contrary to accepted theories and views. Thus, the Kartuli Asomtavruli ABC, thought to have been derived from either Phoenician or Greek is, in fact, a parent system, while the other two regarded to represent the most significant stages in the progress of alphabetic literacy, represent either its extension or a dependent structure. The newly discovered relations between the Kartuli Asomtavruli, Phoenician, and Greek scripts rest and grow out from codified patterns which make unusual, unfamiliar, and unpredictable use of phonetic values, alphabetic ordering, numerical significance, and, of course, etymology. The Kartvelian etymology of the seemingly primitive names of the Phoenician letters, Aleph, Daleth, and Taw (as well as ‘Ayin from Part I) first die and then resurrect to the divine status, exhibiting their great indebtedness to Kartvelian folklore and Kartvelian culture, in general.
The translation of Part II of my monograph titled Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology ... more The translation of Part II of my monograph titled Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology (Tbilisi 2011) offers readers a unique opportunity to take a linguistic and culturological tour across millennia where their guide is the Phoenician Āleph and its super-informational group (SIG). The SIG is a completely novel phenomenon whose formation occurs only when the Kartvelian languages and culture are involved in prehistoric studies. The SIG is targeted NOT at familiar phono-semantic etymons known from historical linguistics, but at huge culturological information of our past: linguistic, religious, paleographic, historical, geographical, ethnological, archaeological, and symbolic, pointing to the genetic source of the analyzed word. The Phoenician ‘Āleph and its six Kartvelian etymons (qalibi ‘mold, x̣ai/xari ‘bull’, xareba ‘give joyful tidings’, xalepo ‘vicious’, ‘deadly’, xar ‘(you) are”, and xarxar ‘silly laughter’) are a good example to demonstrate how Kartvelian archetypes enable analyzed words to develop multiple visible and invisible ties not only with their source, but also within their native languages and culture, and far beyond.
"Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology" offers readers a unique opportunity to get acqua... more "Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology" offers readers a unique opportunity to get acquainted with a new look at old problems, make use of novel ways of solving various issues, and building a logical, harmonious, and continuous picture of our past outlining, at the same time, its perspectives for future studies. "Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology" is a scholarly “adventure” of the manuscript that was found in the Bamiyan caves (Afghanistan) and taken to the British Museum for assessment and possible purchase. The manuscript had tiny stone seals engraved carefully and attached to several pages of the manuscript whose upper registers featured two letter-signs of the Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet – Ghani and Doni. A detailed paleographic analysis of the Bamiyan and Kartuli Asomtavruli letters made it necessary to include a number of scholarly fields into the study. These included Assyriology, Egyptology, historical linguistics, paleography, history, archaeology, ethnology, and Kartvelology. A comprehensive scrutiny of various graphic and semantic issues of the Bamyian and Asomtavruli letter-signs through the mentioned fields uncovered concealed sacred and codified relations of the Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet with the Phoenician and Greek alphabets, with Sumerian and Egyptian royal and divine insignia, various symbols, cuneiform letters, hieroglyphs, and many more. A complex methodology combining traditional linguistic and culturological methods with the means and techniques of the ancient esoteric science of the Kabbalah deciphered and uncovered the Kartvelian origin of numerous language items related to the discussed problems. The work is in Georgian and has a long summary in English at the end.
This is the translation of Part I of my monograph titled "Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguocult... more This is the translation of Part I of my monograph titled "Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology", which was published in Georgian in 2011. This section is a scholarly “adventure” of the manuscript that was found in the Bamiyan caves (Afghanistan) and taken to the British Museum for assessment and possible purchase. The manuscript had tiny stone seals engraved carefully and attached to several pages of the manuscript whose upper registers featured two letter-signs of the Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet – Ghani and Doni. A detailed linguoculturological and paleographic analyses of the Bamiyan and Kartuli Asomtavruli letters made it necessary to include a number of scholarly fields into the study. These included Assyriology, Egyptology, historical linguistics, paleography, history, archaeology, ethnology, and Kartvelology. As a result, the book and Part I in particular, offers readers a unique opportunity to get acquainted with a new look at old problems, make use of novel ways of solving various issues, and build a logical, harmonious and continuous picture of our past outlining, at the same time, its perspectives for future studies.
Part V
Mesopotamian Symbols a... more Part V
Mesopotamian Symbols and Kartuli Asomtavruli Doni
The present work is the translation of Part V of my monograph titled Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology. It was published in Georgian in 2011. Although it is connected with the previous four parts of the book, it can still be read as an independent piece. This section of the book, Mesopotamian Symbols and Kartuli Asomtavruli Doni, deciphers both the graphics and semantics of Sumerian divine and royal insignia avoiding decipherment for centuries. They include ‘the Rod and Ring’, ‘the Ring-Poles’, ‘the Fertility Vase’ and various pieces of jewelry intimately connected with the mentioned symbols. Graphically, all these items originate from Letter Doni (#4) of the first Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet. This letter is one of the divinity letter-signs of the alphabet and symbolizes not only the Sun-God, but the entire solar astronomy. Being the derivatives of the Kartuli Asomtavruli Doni, the Sumerian divine and royal insignia and divine and royal accessories acquire the astronomical knowledge hidden in the Kartvelian letter.
Sections of this work were presented at five RAI-s: RAI-51, Chicago 2005; RAI-52, Munster 2006; RAI-53, Mocow-St. Petersburg 2007; RAI-57, Rome 2011.
Currently, the rest of the book is being translated into English, and each part will be uploaded upon completion.
“English Syntax (With 1000 Georgian Sentences, English Keys, and Commentaries” is a supplementary... more “English Syntax (With 1000 Georgian Sentences, English Keys, and Commentaries” is a supplementary textbook designed to help Georgian High School students (9th–12th grades), teachers, and anyone willing to study English to overcome a number of syntactic difficulties in the process of learning. The textbook is written in Georgian and English and will also help foreigners willing to master such a challenging language as Georgian.
This book is the Georgian version of my "Kartvelian and Sumerian Language Similarities". It consi... more This book is the Georgian version of my "Kartvelian and Sumerian Language Similarities". It consists of five independent articles focusing on five Sumerian lexemes (kakkala, kabkab, ugula, gub, kar) and their Kartvelian origin.
The book examines several Sumerian words of unknown origin and shows that they derive from the Ka... more The book examines several Sumerian words of unknown origin and shows that they derive from the Kartvelian language depth. The book includes five articles etymologizing the Sumerian "kakkala" 'plant', "kabkab" 'bird', "ugula" 'overseer', "gub" 'to stand', "kan" 'door', and a few homonymous "kar" lexemes.
The booklet "Contribution of the Caucasian Race to World Civilization" is dedicated to the study ... more The booklet "Contribution of the Caucasian Race to World Civilization" is dedicated to the study of the contribution of the Kartvelian (Georgian) people to world civilization. It summarizes the basic results of the research the author, Revaz Gabashvili, conducted for 25-30 years. The sizable original of the work is, unfortunately, lost.
This paper highlights the importance of phonology in second language learning, comparing phonetic... more This paper highlights the importance of phonology in second language learning, comparing phonetic mistakes made by adult native speakers of English learning Georgian and adult native speakers of Georgian learning English. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic, systemic approach to teaching second languages that involves making the first language part of the whole teaching and learning process. The paper describes a systemic approach to vowel acquisition, examining the phonological and vowel systems of English and Georgian (similarity and absence of sounds) and short vowels versus Georgian monophthongs (similarity and absence of sounds and absence of microsystems: diphthongs and triphthongs). It discusses consonantal systems of Georgian and English. It concludes that second language learners try to pronounce target sounds based on the native language's sound repertoire as well as the sound systems of other languages acquired previously. This storehouse of sounds is the learner's main resource for target sound acquisition and is a logical way to proceed from the familiar to the unfamiliar. Once the selection is made, the sounds make up a special reference sound group (RSG) to which the learner may refer as needed. The degree of similarity or dissimilarity existing between first and second language phonemes affects the nature of the RSG. Helpful tips for teachers for the application of the "Systemic Method" in foreign language teaching is appended. (Contains 24 notes, 19 tables, and 12 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement ED CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
რეზიუმე
სტატია სათაურით „სიწმინდის კრიზისის პრობლემა ტომას პინჩონის რომანში „მიზიდულობის ცისარტყე... more რეზიუმე სტატია სათაურით „სიწმინდის კრიზისის პრობლემა ტომას პინჩონის რომანში „მიზიდულობის ცისარტყელა“ ეყრდნობა ჩემი საკანდიდატო დისერტაციის ნაშრომს სამეცნიერო-ტექნიკური ტერმინების სემანტიკური და ფუნქციური თავისებურებანი მხატვრულ ტექსტში, თბილისი, 1990. იგი ჟურნალ ცისკრის 1991 წლის პირველ ნომერში დაიბეჭდა. ნაშრომის მიზანია ზე-წამოწიოს დაახლოებით ათას ფურცლიანი ლიტერატურული შედევრის ხაზებს შუა ჩამალული ესთეტიკურ-შემეცნებითი ინფორმაცია. მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ თხრობა მეორე მსოფლიო ომის ევროპაში იშლება, რომანის რეალური გზავნილი ტერმინოლოგიური ერთეულების კონტექსტურ მნიშვნელობებში იყრის თავს. ესენია, მაგალითად, ადენოიდი, პარანოია, დოდო, პრეტერიტი და სხვ. ადენოიდი ბოროტების კონკრეტული განსხეულებაა მაშინ, როდესაც პარანოია ადენოიდის ბატონობას აღწერს. ეს არის დრო, როდესაც ადენოიდი-ბოროტება თავის უძირო კრიპტში იწოვს ყველასა და ყველაფერს. ესაა დრო, რომელიც ადგილს არ უტოვებს არც პატიოსნებას, არც სიკეთეს, არც სიყვარულს და არც ზნეობრიობის უმცირეს გამოხატულებასაც კი. 50-წლის წინანდელი ეს სცენარი* თანამედროვე მსოფლიოს — სარს-კოვ2-ის რეალური სურათიცაა, სადაც ზნეობრიობის კრიზისი და მსოფლიო ბატონობისკენ ბოროტების შეუჩერებელი სრბოლაა გაბატონებული.
*მიზიდულობის ცისარტყელა პირველად 1973 წელს დაიბეჭდა.
Abstract
The article entitled “The Crisis of Morality in Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow” is t... more Abstract The article entitled “The Crisis of Morality in Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow” is translated from my Georgian article based on my PhD dissertation (Semantic and Functional Characteristics of Terminological Units in Literary Texts). It was published in Tsiskari #1, 1991. The paper aims to reveal the aesthetic-cognitive information hidden between the lines of this about-a-thousand-page-long literary masterpiece. Although the narrative is set against the background of WWII Europe, the true message of the novel is concentrated in the contextual use of terminological units, such as the adenoid, paranoia, dodo, preterit, etc. Adenoid is a concrete incarnation of Evil, while paranoia is the time of Adenoid-Evil’s reign, which sucks in everyone and everything into its bottomless crypt. It leaves no place for honesty, kindness, love or even the tiniest sight of morality. This 50-year-old* “scenario” is very true of our contemporary world – the world of Sars-Cov2 with the crisis of morality and the incessant struggle of the Evil to control the world. * Gravity’s Rainbow was first published in 1973.
Kartvelian Languages and the Egyptian Toponymic Dichotomy km.t – dšrt, 2021
“Kartvelian Languages and the Egyptian Toponymic Dichotomy km.t – dšrt” is the English translatio... more “Kartvelian Languages and the Egyptian Toponymic Dichotomy km.t – dšrt” is the English translation of my latest paper written in Georgian. It will be published in the journal of “Kartvelologia”, #1, 2021. The paper discusses two Egyptian place-names – km.t ‘Black Land’ and dšrt ‘Red Land’. The first is considered the earliest name of the country, covering both Upper and Lower Egypt. The other place-name (dšrt) designates the hostile area surrounding the country. The analyzed dichotomy is more than ordinary toponymic unit since it outlines the Egyptians’ vision of their country’s geopolitical and economic setting. Both place-names originate from the Kartvelian archetypes and reveal an entirely different etymological history from the ones accepted in Egyptology. The culturological analysis throws light on a number of semantico-associative ties with Biblical evidence.
Proceedings of the 7th International Bilkent University School of English Language ELT Conference , 2002
Grammar mistakes made by Turkish students of English can be formational and/or functional. They a... more Grammar mistakes made by Turkish students of English can be formational and/or functional. They are bred by two major causes: linguistic and methodological. Group 1 embraces inter-lingual (L1 vs. FL) and intra-lingual (within L2) differences, while Group 2 deals with the principles of textbook compiling and methods of material presentation in actual classroom teaching. Addressing the mentioned issues and generalizing the results of the study, the paper discloses the mechanism of error production and offers a new approach to teaching grammatical items called systemic.
Proceedings of the 6th International Bilkent University School of English Language ELT Conference, 2001
Long term observation of phonetic mistakes of adult students of English has revealed that mispron... more Long term observation of phonetic mistakes of adult students of English has revealed that mispronunciation of vowels, especially those of monophthongs makes up the majority of the phonetic mistakes and singles them out as the hardest sounds to master. They (mistakes) are basically of two types: a) qualitative, and b) quantitative. The first type involves substitution of different phonemes, e.g. the use of /e/ instead of /æ/, or /e/ instead of /ə/, etc., while the second type concerns the violation of vowel length or using short vowels instead of long ones or vice versa. E.g. /i/ instead of /i:/, /o/ instead of /o:/, etc. The mentioned mistakes belong to speech and therefore, have always been corrected phonetically, or on the articulatory level. My study reveals that pronunciation mistakes are basically phonologically conditioned and argues that they are the result of a complex interplay of outwardly invisible but inherent characteristic features of the phonological systems of the native (L1) and the target languages (FL). The most significant features are as follows: a) partial similarity/overlap of the phonological systems of L1 and FL, b) total absence of target sounds in L1, and c) similarity/dissimilarity of phonologically relevant features of monophthongs in L1 and FL. The mentioned systemic factors and their interaction lead learners to the creation of a certain reference sound group (RSG) - an invisible phonological micro-system within the sound system of L1 that functions as a source of mistake production. Therefore, it is important to prevent the formation of RSG right at the beginners' level which could be effectively done by sensitizing students to: a) a detailed contrastive phonological picture of L1 and FL, b) phonologically relevant features of both systems, and c) their respective functions. The suggested approach is new and can be used only with adult beginners with developed high thinking skills enabling them to grasp the major differences existing between the two systems and to consciously apply them in target sound acquisition. It is essential to remember that pronunciation mistakes do belong to the domain of phonetics but their correction should start from the phonological levels of L1 and FL.
The article demonstrates that the Akkadian God of Writing Nabu originates from the Kartvelian wor... more The article demonstrates that the Akkadian God of Writing Nabu originates from the Kartvelian word "neba" designating 'will' and 'desire'. The same Kartvelian lexeme is the source of the Sumerian word "nab I" meaning 'god' and the Egyptian word "neb" of the same meaning. The Sumerian "nab" is identical with the third stage of phonetic changes that the word underwent in Kartvelian: Kart, neba > Svan nǟb > Svan a-nab.
"Praise and Glory to the Kartuli Language" is regarded to be a prophetic piece of poetry foretell... more "Praise and Glory to the Kartuli Language" is regarded to be a prophetic piece of poetry foretelling the resurrection of the Kartvelian language and people with the Second Coming of the Lord. It is dated by the 10th century, copyist Ioane Zosime. Heated discussions have been going on ever since the manuscripts (4 copies) were discovered in the middle of the 19th century. There are several translations of the verse. I offer mine.
This is a summary of my book "Kartvelian Linguoculturology of the Past". It includes 18 selected ... more This is a summary of my book "Kartvelian Linguoculturology of the Past". It includes 18 selected articles grouped into 4 classes: (a) Kartvelian and English—Germanic—Indo-European; (b) Kartvelian and Sumerian; (c) Kartvelian and Egyptian; (d) Kartvelian and Basque. The analyses of the material demonstrates that Kartvelian languages etymologize and decipher linguistic and artistic evidence of different civilizations with equal ease. This shows that the Kartvelian languages represent a common linguoculturological substratum for all the tongues spread over a vast European and Near Eastern territory. Based on these and my other works, a new genetic classification of languages is offered.
The article is the attempt to demonstrate the importance of translating certain scientific works ... more The article is the attempt to demonstrate the importance of translating certain scientific works executed in Kartuli (Georgian) into European languages. It presents translated excerpts from various scholarly works to show the potential culture mediation role of translation from Kartvelian.
The article centers on the etymological examination of the ethnic terms "Basque" and "baskles". T... more The article centers on the etymological examination of the ethnic terms "Basque" and "baskles". The first derives from Old Spanish and Old Castilian basko/vasco, while the second is recorded in one of the Middle English manuscripts. The Kartvelian languages decipher both names easily, which can only be done by a common substrate layer.
The article focuses on the semantic analysis of the ithyphallic figure discovered at the foot of ... more The article focuses on the semantic analysis of the ithyphallic figure discovered at the foot of Mount Persati (Imereti) in 1914 and its connection with two great gods of Pre-Dynastic Egypt. By comparison with other anthropomorphic sculptures found in Georgia, its bisexual nature has long been the subject of heated discussions. By its feminine features (breasts) it is connected to the Egyptian Nile God "Ḥāp" and by its ithyphallic characteristics it is linked with the deity of fertility, Min. The first name derives from the Georgian word "xapi" (amoxapva), while the archetype of the second name (Min) is the Georgian pronoun min (‘who’ in Megrul-Chan, and ‘they’, ‘themselves’ in Svan). Research has shown that the figure’s symbolically expressed bisexuality is an indispensable component of Georgian pagan mentality and takes its origin from the real phenomenon of fertility.
The paper focuses on the decipherment of the Svan word "gudra", a cognate of the Kartuli (Georgia... more The paper focuses on the decipherment of the Svan word "gudra", a cognate of the Kartuli (Georgian) and Megrelian lexeme "guda" designating a 'a skin bag'. The analysis throws a new light on the second component of the Svan word (-ra), which is a shortened form of the 19th letter-sign RAE of the Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet. RAE or the Sun of Suns (Great Sun) is the full form of the Egyptian Sun God name Ra/Re, too. As a result, the Svan "gudra" is connected with the Germanic GOD/GOTT through its first root (gud) and the Egyptian Sun God through its second root morpheme (ra).
This article discusses the genetic relations between the Sumerian and Kartvelian languages throug... more This article discusses the genetic relations between the Sumerian and Kartvelian languages through the Theory of Communication (Information). This is a novel approach to the study of these ancient languages, and taking it reveals a number of features which contradict the substance of the accepted body of Assyriological knowledge. The analysis shows that although Sumerian is known as an isolate it is, in fact, genetically tied to the Kartvelian languages, not only through regular sound correspondences, but by a coded linguistic system. The two languages together mould a language cipher of exceptional unbreakability, which has withstood several millennia. The key to this code lies in Kartvelian, and it may also prove to be the key to various other writing systems, artifacts, and cultural mysteries far beyond the scope of this paper to discuss.
The poster presented at RAI-58, Leiden, presents linguistic relations between Sumerian and Kartve... more The poster presented at RAI-58, Leiden, presents linguistic relations between Sumerian and Kartvelian lexemes complying both with phono-semantic relations signaling their genetic ties, and affinities regulated by the formula “The sign S is read R when it means M”. The fourteen items under study represent two Sumerian groups that consist of homonymous lexemes or similar sound forms: a) kar (4 items); b) kiri–kir–gir (10 items).
A comparative examination of the Sumerian data through the prism of Kartvelian evidence demonstrates the regulating, identifying, and classifying power of the latter. Functioning as the standard of comparison, Kartvelian morphemes characterize their Sumerian counterparts on all language levels: phonetic, morphemic (morphological, lexical), and syntactic. Thus, six specific Kartvelian consonant phonemes, and one harmonious complex are identified on the phonemic level. The structural analysis singles out two Sumerian prefixes that are phono-semantically identical with their Kartvelian archetypes: a negative prefix (u-) and a participle forming prefix (m-). On the lexical level, the established meanings of the Sumerian lexemes are either confirmed or made precise. Archetypes of all lexemes are recovered including those considered to have established etymons.
The results of the study allow us to make several inferences: The pedagogically defective method of teaching/learning a foreign (Sumerian) language – “The sign S is read R when it means M” – turns into an efficient tool of identifying Kartvelian archetypes of Sumerian words. Moreover, the formula accommodates phonetically difficult sounds or sound combinations “attempting” to keep respective lexemes discrete either by meaning or graphic representation. Therefore, the lexicographic formula “The sign S is read R when it means M” functions like a clockwork that comes “to life” only when Kartvelian languages and culture are included into the research.
This paper was presented at the International Conference Humanities in the Information Society II... more This paper was presented at the International Conference Humanities in the Information Society III, Batumi State University, Georgia, November 30 – December 2, 2018 and will be published in the Conference Proceedings. The article analyzes the Sumerian word for copper urudu and discloses its Kartvelian origin, very different from the accepted Assyriological view. Archetypically, the lexeme is of a compound structure and consists of two root morphemes: uro + du. The first (uro) designates a ‘big hammer’, while the second constituent (du) means ‘chief, head or leader’. Thus, semantically the meaning of the Sumerian urudu ‘copper’ is the result of metonymic transposition of part and whole, the implement being a part and copper metallurgy, being the whole. The discovered archetypical meaning of the Sumerian urudu points not only to its etymology, but also indicates those people who taught Sumerians this craft. “The results of the conducted study are in complete agreement with those of another culturological field – Kartvelian mythology, in which Amirani, the generalized image of the Kartvelian nation, is the first metallurgist, who taught the art of metalwork to people and gave them the knowledge of making fire”.
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"Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology" is a scholarly “adventure” of the manuscript that was found in the Bamiyan caves (Afghanistan) and taken to the British Museum for assessment and possible purchase. The manuscript had tiny stone seals engraved carefully and attached to several pages of the manuscript whose upper registers featured two letter-signs of the Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet – Ghani and Doni. A detailed paleographic analysis of the Bamiyan and Kartuli Asomtavruli letters made it necessary to include a number of scholarly fields into the study. These included Assyriology, Egyptology, historical linguistics, paleography, history, archaeology, ethnology, and Kartvelology.
A comprehensive scrutiny of various graphic and semantic issues of the Bamyian and Asomtavruli letter-signs through the mentioned fields uncovered concealed sacred and codified relations of the Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet with the Phoenician and Greek alphabets, with Sumerian and Egyptian royal and divine insignia, various symbols, cuneiform letters, hieroglyphs, and many more. A complex methodology combining traditional linguistic and culturological methods with the means and techniques of the ancient esoteric science of the Kabbalah deciphered and uncovered the Kartvelian origin of numerous language items related to the discussed problems.
The work is in Georgian and has a long summary in English at the end.
As a result, the book and Part I in particular, offers readers a unique opportunity to get acquainted with a new look at old problems, make use of novel ways of solving various issues, and build a logical, harmonious and continuous picture of our past outlining, at the same time, its perspectives for future studies.
Mesopotamian Symbols and Kartuli Asomtavruli Doni
The present work is the translation of Part V of my monograph titled Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology. It was published in Georgian in 2011. Although it is connected with the previous four parts of the book, it can still be read as an independent piece. This section of the book, Mesopotamian Symbols and Kartuli Asomtavruli Doni, deciphers both the graphics and semantics of Sumerian divine and royal insignia avoiding decipherment for centuries. They include ‘the Rod and Ring’, ‘the Ring-Poles’, ‘the Fertility Vase’ and various pieces of jewelry intimately connected with the mentioned symbols. Graphically, all these items originate from Letter Doni (#4) of the first Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet. This letter is one of the divinity letter-signs of the alphabet and symbolizes not only the Sun-God, but the entire solar astronomy. Being the derivatives of the Kartuli Asomtavruli Doni, the Sumerian divine and royal insignia and divine and royal accessories acquire the astronomical knowledge hidden in the Kartvelian letter.
Sections of this work were presented at five RAI-s: RAI-51, Chicago 2005; RAI-52, Munster 2006; RAI-53, Mocow-St. Petersburg 2007; RAI-57, Rome 2011.
Currently, the rest of the book is being translated into English, and each part will be uploaded upon completion.
სტატია სათაურით „სიწმინდის კრიზისის პრობლემა ტომას პინჩონის რომანში „მიზიდულობის ცისარტყელა“ ეყრდნობა ჩემი საკანდიდატო დისერტაციის ნაშრომს სამეცნიერო-ტექნიკური ტერმინების სემანტიკური და ფუნქციური თავისებურებანი მხატვრულ ტექსტში, თბილისი, 1990. იგი ჟურნალ ცისკრის 1991 წლის პირველ ნომერში დაიბეჭდა. ნაშრომის მიზანია ზე-წამოწიოს დაახლოებით ათას ფურცლიანი ლიტერატურული შედევრის ხაზებს შუა ჩამალული ესთეტიკურ-შემეცნებითი ინფორმაცია. მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ თხრობა მეორე მსოფლიო ომის ევროპაში იშლება, რომანის რეალური გზავნილი ტერმინოლოგიური ერთეულების კონტექსტურ მნიშვნელობებში იყრის თავს. ესენია, მაგალითად, ადენოიდი, პარანოია, დოდო, პრეტერიტი და სხვ. ადენოიდი ბოროტების კონკრეტული განსხეულებაა მაშინ, როდესაც პარანოია ადენოიდის ბატონობას აღწერს. ეს არის დრო, როდესაც ადენოიდი-ბოროტება თავის უძირო კრიპტში იწოვს ყველასა და ყველაფერს. ესაა დრო, რომელიც ადგილს არ უტოვებს არც პატიოსნებას, არც სიკეთეს, არც სიყვარულს და არც ზნეობრიობის უმცირეს გამოხატულებასაც კი. 50-წლის წინანდელი ეს სცენარი* თანამედროვე მსოფლიოს — სარს-კოვ2-ის რეალური სურათიცაა, სადაც ზნეობრიობის კრიზისი და მსოფლიო ბატონობისკენ ბოროტების შეუჩერებელი სრბოლაა გაბატონებული.
*მიზიდულობის ცისარტყელა პირველად 1973 წელს დაიბეჭდა.
The article entitled “The Crisis of Morality in Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow” is translated from my Georgian article based on my PhD dissertation (Semantic and Functional Characteristics of Terminological Units in Literary Texts). It was published in Tsiskari #1, 1991. The paper aims to reveal the aesthetic-cognitive information hidden between the lines of this about-a-thousand-page-long literary masterpiece. Although the narrative is set against the background of WWII Europe, the true message of the novel is concentrated in the contextual use of terminological units, such as the adenoid, paranoia, dodo, preterit, etc. Adenoid is a concrete incarnation of Evil, while paranoia is the time of Adenoid-Evil’s reign, which sucks in everyone and everything into its bottomless crypt. It leaves no place for honesty, kindness, love or even the tiniest sight of morality. This 50-year-old* “scenario” is very true of our contemporary world – the world of Sars-Cov2 with the crisis of morality and the incessant struggle of the Evil to control the world.
* Gravity’s Rainbow was first published in 1973.
"Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology" is a scholarly “adventure” of the manuscript that was found in the Bamiyan caves (Afghanistan) and taken to the British Museum for assessment and possible purchase. The manuscript had tiny stone seals engraved carefully and attached to several pages of the manuscript whose upper registers featured two letter-signs of the Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet – Ghani and Doni. A detailed paleographic analysis of the Bamiyan and Kartuli Asomtavruli letters made it necessary to include a number of scholarly fields into the study. These included Assyriology, Egyptology, historical linguistics, paleography, history, archaeology, ethnology, and Kartvelology.
A comprehensive scrutiny of various graphic and semantic issues of the Bamyian and Asomtavruli letter-signs through the mentioned fields uncovered concealed sacred and codified relations of the Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet with the Phoenician and Greek alphabets, with Sumerian and Egyptian royal and divine insignia, various symbols, cuneiform letters, hieroglyphs, and many more. A complex methodology combining traditional linguistic and culturological methods with the means and techniques of the ancient esoteric science of the Kabbalah deciphered and uncovered the Kartvelian origin of numerous language items related to the discussed problems.
The work is in Georgian and has a long summary in English at the end.
As a result, the book and Part I in particular, offers readers a unique opportunity to get acquainted with a new look at old problems, make use of novel ways of solving various issues, and build a logical, harmonious and continuous picture of our past outlining, at the same time, its perspectives for future studies.
Mesopotamian Symbols and Kartuli Asomtavruli Doni
The present work is the translation of Part V of my monograph titled Kartvelian-Sumerian-Egyptian Linguoculturology. It was published in Georgian in 2011. Although it is connected with the previous four parts of the book, it can still be read as an independent piece. This section of the book, Mesopotamian Symbols and Kartuli Asomtavruli Doni, deciphers both the graphics and semantics of Sumerian divine and royal insignia avoiding decipherment for centuries. They include ‘the Rod and Ring’, ‘the Ring-Poles’, ‘the Fertility Vase’ and various pieces of jewelry intimately connected with the mentioned symbols. Graphically, all these items originate from Letter Doni (#4) of the first Kartuli Asomtavruli alphabet. This letter is one of the divinity letter-signs of the alphabet and symbolizes not only the Sun-God, but the entire solar astronomy. Being the derivatives of the Kartuli Asomtavruli Doni, the Sumerian divine and royal insignia and divine and royal accessories acquire the astronomical knowledge hidden in the Kartvelian letter.
Sections of this work were presented at five RAI-s: RAI-51, Chicago 2005; RAI-52, Munster 2006; RAI-53, Mocow-St. Petersburg 2007; RAI-57, Rome 2011.
Currently, the rest of the book is being translated into English, and each part will be uploaded upon completion.
სტატია სათაურით „სიწმინდის კრიზისის პრობლემა ტომას პინჩონის რომანში „მიზიდულობის ცისარტყელა“ ეყრდნობა ჩემი საკანდიდატო დისერტაციის ნაშრომს სამეცნიერო-ტექნიკური ტერმინების სემანტიკური და ფუნქციური თავისებურებანი მხატვრულ ტექსტში, თბილისი, 1990. იგი ჟურნალ ცისკრის 1991 წლის პირველ ნომერში დაიბეჭდა. ნაშრომის მიზანია ზე-წამოწიოს დაახლოებით ათას ფურცლიანი ლიტერატურული შედევრის ხაზებს შუა ჩამალული ესთეტიკურ-შემეცნებითი ინფორმაცია. მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ თხრობა მეორე მსოფლიო ომის ევროპაში იშლება, რომანის რეალური გზავნილი ტერმინოლოგიური ერთეულების კონტექსტურ მნიშვნელობებში იყრის თავს. ესენია, მაგალითად, ადენოიდი, პარანოია, დოდო, პრეტერიტი და სხვ. ადენოიდი ბოროტების კონკრეტული განსხეულებაა მაშინ, როდესაც პარანოია ადენოიდის ბატონობას აღწერს. ეს არის დრო, როდესაც ადენოიდი-ბოროტება თავის უძირო კრიპტში იწოვს ყველასა და ყველაფერს. ესაა დრო, რომელიც ადგილს არ უტოვებს არც პატიოსნებას, არც სიკეთეს, არც სიყვარულს და არც ზნეობრიობის უმცირეს გამოხატულებასაც კი. 50-წლის წინანდელი ეს სცენარი* თანამედროვე მსოფლიოს — სარს-კოვ2-ის რეალური სურათიცაა, სადაც ზნეობრიობის კრიზისი და მსოფლიო ბატონობისკენ ბოროტების შეუჩერებელი სრბოლაა გაბატონებული.
*მიზიდულობის ცისარტყელა პირველად 1973 წელს დაიბეჭდა.
The article entitled “The Crisis of Morality in Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow” is translated from my Georgian article based on my PhD dissertation (Semantic and Functional Characteristics of Terminological Units in Literary Texts). It was published in Tsiskari #1, 1991. The paper aims to reveal the aesthetic-cognitive information hidden between the lines of this about-a-thousand-page-long literary masterpiece. Although the narrative is set against the background of WWII Europe, the true message of the novel is concentrated in the contextual use of terminological units, such as the adenoid, paranoia, dodo, preterit, etc. Adenoid is a concrete incarnation of Evil, while paranoia is the time of Adenoid-Evil’s reign, which sucks in everyone and everything into its bottomless crypt. It leaves no place for honesty, kindness, love or even the tiniest sight of morality. This 50-year-old* “scenario” is very true of our contemporary world – the world of Sars-Cov2 with the crisis of morality and the incessant struggle of the Evil to control the world.
* Gravity’s Rainbow was first published in 1973.
A comparative examination of the Sumerian data through the prism of Kartvelian evidence demonstrates the regulating, identifying, and classifying power of the latter. Functioning as the standard of comparison, Kartvelian morphemes characterize their Sumerian counterparts on all language levels: phonetic, morphemic (morphological, lexical), and syntactic. Thus, six specific Kartvelian consonant phonemes, and one harmonious complex are identified on the phonemic level. The structural analysis singles out two Sumerian prefixes that are phono-semantically identical with their Kartvelian archetypes: a negative prefix (u-) and a participle forming prefix (m-). On the lexical level, the established meanings of the Sumerian lexemes are either confirmed or made precise. Archetypes of all lexemes are recovered including those considered to have established etymons.
The results of the study allow us to make several inferences: The pedagogically defective method of teaching/learning a foreign (Sumerian) language – “The sign S is read R when it means M” – turns into an efficient tool of identifying Kartvelian archetypes of Sumerian words. Moreover, the formula accommodates phonetically difficult sounds or sound combinations “attempting” to keep respective lexemes discrete either by meaning or graphic representation. Therefore, the lexicographic formula “The sign S is read R when it means M” functions like a clockwork that comes “to life” only when Kartvelian languages and culture are included into the research.