This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Remote sensing (RS) technology has been used together with geographic information systems (GIS) t... more Remote sensing (RS) technology has been used together with geographic information systems (GIS) to determine the LC types, retrieve LST, and analyze their relationships. The term Greater Beirut Area (GBA) is used to refer to the city of Beirut and its suburbs which witnessed rapid urban growth, after the end of the civil war, in the last decade of the twentieth century, due to the increase in the number of its inhabitants, and the prosperity and development of sectors such as; industrial, trade, tourism, and construction. These factors led to a wide change in the land cover (LC) types and increased land surface temperature LST. The results showed an increase in built-up areas by 29.1%, and agricultural lands by 6%, while bare land, forests, and seawater decreased by 28.5%, 4.9%, and 1.9%, respectively. These changes caused large differences in the LST between built-up areas and other LC types. The highest LST recorded was in built-up areas (33.
Nature Research wishes to improve the reproducibility of the work that we publish. This form prov... more Nature Research wishes to improve the reproducibility of the work that we publish. This form provides structure for consistency and transparency in reporting. For further information on Nature Research policies, see our Editorial Policies and the Editorial Policy Checklist.
Insects change their stimulus-response through the perception of associating these stimuli with i... more Insects change their stimulus-response through the perception of associating these stimuli with important survival events such as rewards, threats, and mates. Insects develop strong associations and relate them to their experiences through several behavioral procedures. Among the insects, Apis species, Apis mellifera ligustica are known for their outstanding ability to learn with tremendous economic importance. Apis mellifera ligustica has a strong cognitive ability and promising model species for investigating the neurobiological basis of remarkable olfactory learning abilities. Here we evaluated the olfactory learning ability of A. mellifera by using the proboscis extension reflex (PER) protocol. The brains of the learner and failed-learner bees were examined for comparative transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq to explain the difference in the learning capacity. In this study, we used an appetitive olfactory learning paradigm in the same age of A. mellifera bees to examine the differ...
Swift response models are vital tools for emergency assistance agencies. The COVID‐19 pandemic re... more Swift response models are vital tools for emergency assistance agencies. The COVID‐19 pandemic revealed the lack of economic models for short‐run policy relevant research to anticipate local impacts and design effective policy responses. The most direct effects of the pandemic and lockdown tended to be concentrated in urban areas; however, markets quickly transmitted impacts to rural areas as well as among poor and non‐poor households. General equilibrium modeling is a tool of choice to capture indirect, spillover effects of exogenous shocks. This article describes an unusual micro general‐equilibrium (GE) modeling approach that we developed to quickly simulate impacts of the pandemic and lockdowns on poor and non‐poor rural and urban households across sub‐Saharan Africa. Monte Carlo bootstrapping was used to construct four stylized regional GE models from 34 existing local economy‐wide impact evaluation (LEWIE) models. Simulations revealed that the pandemic and policy responses to ...
Soil amendment with two types of composts: animal manure (AC) and vegetable waste (VC) induced co... more Soil amendment with two types of composts: animal manure (AC) and vegetable waste (VC) induced composts have potential to alleviate Cd toxicity to maize in contaminated soil. Therefore, Cd mobility in waste water irrigated soil can be addressed through eco-friendly and cost effective organic soil amendments AC and VC that eventually reduces its translocation from polluted soil to maize plant tissues. The comparative effectiveness of AC and VC at 3% rate were evaluated on Cd solubility, its accumulation in maize tissues, translocation from root to shoot, chlorophyll contents, plant biomass, yield and soil properties (pH, NPK, OM). Results revealed that the addition of organic soil amendments significantly minimized Cd mobility and leachability in soil by 58.6% and 47%, respectively in VC-amended soil over control. While, the reduction was observed by 61.7% and 57%, respectively when AC was added at 3% over control. Comparing the control soil, Cd uptake effectively reduced via plants shoots and roots by 50%, 46% respectively when VC was added in polluted soil. However, Cd uptake was decreased in maize shoot and roots by 58% and 52.4% in AC amended soil at 3% rate, respectively. Additionally, NPK contents were significantly improved in polluted soil as well as in plant tissues in both composts amended soil Comparative to control, the addition of composts significantly improved the maize dry biomass and chlorophyll contents at 3% rate. Thus, present study confirmed that the addition of animal manure derived compost (AC) at 3% rate performed well and might be consider the suitable approach relative to vegetable compost for maize growth in polluted soil.
Abstract Wastewater irrigation in croplands is recognized as one of the major threat, seriously a... more Abstract Wastewater irrigation in croplands is recognized as one of the major threat, seriously affecting soil health and sustainable agriculture around the globe. Heavy metals presence especially cadmium (Cd) in wastewater irrigated soils is posing serious physiological and morphological disorder in plants due to its highest mobility. Therefore, metals mobility in wastewater irrigated soils can be curtailed through eco-friendly and cost effective organic soil amendments compost (CP), press mud (PM) and moringa leaf extract (ME) at 3% rate that eventually reduces its translocation from polluted soil to plant. This study explored the possible effects of various types of organic soil amendments on Cd phytoavailability in wastewater degraded soil and its subsequent accumulation in maize tissues. Maize plant was grown in Ghazi University as a test plant and Cd accumulation was recorded in its tissues, translocation from root to shoot, chlorophyll contents, plant biomass, yield and soil properties (pH, NPK, OM and Soluble Cd) were also examined. Results revealed that the addition of amendments significantly minimized Cd mobility in soil by 45.8%, 23% and 19.4% when CP, PM and ME were added at 3% over control. Comparing the control soil, Cd uptake effectively reduced via plants shoots by 33.3%, 27.7% and 19.4% when CP, PM and ME. In addition, NPK were significantly increased among all the added treatments in the soil-plant system as well as improved chlorophyll contents relative to non-treated soil. The Current study suggested that among all the amendments, compost at 3% rate performed well and can be considered a suitable approach for maize growth in polluted soil.
Cadmium contamination in croplands is recognized one of the major threat, seriously affecting soi... more Cadmium contamination in croplands is recognized one of the major threat, seriously affecting soil health and sustainable agriculture around the globe. Cd mobility in wastewater irrigated soils can be curtailed through eco-friendly and cost effective organic soil amendments (biochars) that eventually minimizes its translocation from soil to plant. This study explored the possible effects of various types of plants straw biochar as soil amendments on cadmium (Cd) phytoavailability in wastewater degraded soil and its subsequent accumulation in sunflower tissues. The studied biochars including rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), acacia (AC) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) to wastewater irrigated soil containing Cd. Sunflower plant was grown as a test plant and Cd accumulation was recorded in its tissues, antioxidant enzymatic activity chlorophyll contents, plant biomass, yield and soil properties (pH, NPK, OM and Soluble Cd) were also examined. Results revealed that addition of biochar significantly minimized Cd mobility in soil by 53.4%, 44%, 41% and 36% when RS, WS, AC and SB were added at 2% over control. Comparing the control soil, biochar amended soil effectively reduced Cd uptake via plants shoots by 71.7%, 60.6%, 59% and 36.6%, when RS, WS, AC and SB. Among all the biochar, rice husk induced biochar significantly reduced oxidative stress and reduced SOD, POD and CAT activity by 49%, 40.5% and 46.5% respectively over control. In addition, NPK were significantly increased among all the added biochars in soil-plant system as well as improved chlorophyll contents relative to non-bioachar amended soil. Thus, among all the amendments, rice husk and wheat straw biochar performed well and might be considered the suitable approach for sunflower growth in polluted soil.
Metals that contaminate soil are one of the major problems seriously affecting sustainable agricu... more Metals that contaminate soil are one of the major problems seriously affecting sustainable agriculture worldwide. Cadmium (Cd) toxicity to agricultural crops is a global problem. Mobility of Cd in contaminated soil can be minimized by the amendment of soil passivators which will ultimately reduce its movement from soil to plants. A pot study was performed to evaluate the impact of sepiolite from 1% to 5% on Cd solubility and its accumulation in spinach tissues. Soil pH, Cd fractionation, Cd accumulation in spinach tissue and Cd adsorption mechanism were determined. Results were recorded that soil pH was increased from 0.3 to 1.0 units with the increasing rate of sepiolite from 1% to 5%. Similarly, Cd contents in acid soluble phase was decreased by 42.8% and increased in residual phase by 35.8% at 5% rate, relative to control. Moreover, the significant reduction in Cd uptake by spinach shoots and roots was occurred by 26.2% and 30.6% at 5% rate, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum Cd adsorption capacity 37.35 mg g 1 was recorded at 5% rate relative to control. The analysis of FTIR, XRD and SEM also confirm the ability of sepiolite for Cd polluted soil restoration and thereby, reduces its phytoavailability in polluted soil to alleviate food security challenges.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2004
Transient elevations of cytosolic Ca 2+ are a common mechanism of cellular signaling. In striated... more Transient elevations of cytosolic Ca 2+ are a common mechanism of cellular signaling. In striated muscle, the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA) plays an important role in terminating Ca 2+ transients by returning cytosolic Ca 2+ to intracellular stores. Stored Ca 2+ can then be released again for subsequent signaling. We down-regulated SERCA2 gene expression in cultured cardiac myocytes by means of endogenous transcription of small interfering RNA encoded by an exogenous cDNA template. The cDNA template was delivered by adenovirus vector. Reduction of SERCA expression in all myocytes in culture was documented by immunochemistry, real-time RT-PCR, and determination of ATP-dependent Ca 2+ transport. The reduction of SERCA2 expression was associated with the up-regulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel proteins (TRPC4 and TRPC5) and Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, indicating that intracellular store deficiency was compensated for by Ca 2+ fluxes through the plasma...
Upon direct selection of mammalian cells for resistance to thapsigargin (TG), a potent inhibitor ... more Upon direct selection of mammalian cells for resistance to thapsigargin (TG), a potent inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2؉ transport ATPase (SERCA), the ATPase can acquire specific mutations at amino acid position 256 (aa 256). In particular, Phe 256 3 Leu and Phe 256 3 Ser substitutions can occur upon TG selection, with each substitution resulting in a SERCA that is 4-to 5-fold resistant to TG inhibition (M. Yu et al., J. Biol. Chem. 273, 3542-3546, 1998). We have now identified a third substitution, i.e., Phe 256 3 Val, that occurs when the Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line DC-3F is selected for TG resistance. Although the Phe 256 3 Val substitution at codon 256 results in a SERCA whose enzymological properties in terms of Ca 2؉ transport and ATP hydrolysis are essentially similar to that of wild-type (wt) SERCA, the mutant enzyme is more than 40-fold resistant to TG inhibition. To analyze further the role of aa 256 in TG-SERCA interactions, mutational analysis of this particular residue was also carried out. Of all the mutations introduced, only the Phe 256 3 Glu substitution interferes with expression of the ATPase. The Phe 256 3 Arg substitution does not interfere with SERCA expression, but the resulting enzyme is totally inactive. In terms of sensitivity of the various mutants to TG, maximal reduction in the ATPase's affinity for TG occurs with amino acid substitutions containing branched side chains, i.e. with the Phe 256 3 Val, Phe 256 3 Ile, and Phe 256 3 Thr mutants. Since a corresponding Phe is conserved in the Na ؉ , K ؉-ATPase which is not sensitive to TG, our findings suggest that this amino acid provides stabilization of the stalk segment with respect to the membrane interface, thereby optimizing specific interactions of TG with neighboring S3 residues (L. Zhong and G. Inesi, J. Biol. Chem. 273, 12994-12998, 1998). It is likely that a relatively high frequency of codon 256 mutations favor the aa 256 mutants as a specific adaptive response to TG selection.
Seizures are an infrequent and serious neurological complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with li... more Seizures are an infrequent and serious neurological complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with limited data describing the etiology and the clinical context in which these occur or the associated electrographic and imaging findings. This series details four cases of seizures occurring in patients with COVID-19 with distinct time points, underlying pathology, and proposed physiological mechanisms. An enhanced understanding of seizure manifestations in COVID-19 and their clinical course may allow for earlier detection and improved patient management.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Remote sensing (RS) technology has been used together with geographic information systems (GIS) t... more Remote sensing (RS) technology has been used together with geographic information systems (GIS) to determine the LC types, retrieve LST, and analyze their relationships. The term Greater Beirut Area (GBA) is used to refer to the city of Beirut and its suburbs which witnessed rapid urban growth, after the end of the civil war, in the last decade of the twentieth century, due to the increase in the number of its inhabitants, and the prosperity and development of sectors such as; industrial, trade, tourism, and construction. These factors led to a wide change in the land cover (LC) types and increased land surface temperature LST. The results showed an increase in built-up areas by 29.1%, and agricultural lands by 6%, while bare land, forests, and seawater decreased by 28.5%, 4.9%, and 1.9%, respectively. These changes caused large differences in the LST between built-up areas and other LC types. The highest LST recorded was in built-up areas (33.
Nature Research wishes to improve the reproducibility of the work that we publish. This form prov... more Nature Research wishes to improve the reproducibility of the work that we publish. This form provides structure for consistency and transparency in reporting. For further information on Nature Research policies, see our Editorial Policies and the Editorial Policy Checklist.
Insects change their stimulus-response through the perception of associating these stimuli with i... more Insects change their stimulus-response through the perception of associating these stimuli with important survival events such as rewards, threats, and mates. Insects develop strong associations and relate them to their experiences through several behavioral procedures. Among the insects, Apis species, Apis mellifera ligustica are known for their outstanding ability to learn with tremendous economic importance. Apis mellifera ligustica has a strong cognitive ability and promising model species for investigating the neurobiological basis of remarkable olfactory learning abilities. Here we evaluated the olfactory learning ability of A. mellifera by using the proboscis extension reflex (PER) protocol. The brains of the learner and failed-learner bees were examined for comparative transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq to explain the difference in the learning capacity. In this study, we used an appetitive olfactory learning paradigm in the same age of A. mellifera bees to examine the differ...
Swift response models are vital tools for emergency assistance agencies. The COVID‐19 pandemic re... more Swift response models are vital tools for emergency assistance agencies. The COVID‐19 pandemic revealed the lack of economic models for short‐run policy relevant research to anticipate local impacts and design effective policy responses. The most direct effects of the pandemic and lockdown tended to be concentrated in urban areas; however, markets quickly transmitted impacts to rural areas as well as among poor and non‐poor households. General equilibrium modeling is a tool of choice to capture indirect, spillover effects of exogenous shocks. This article describes an unusual micro general‐equilibrium (GE) modeling approach that we developed to quickly simulate impacts of the pandemic and lockdowns on poor and non‐poor rural and urban households across sub‐Saharan Africa. Monte Carlo bootstrapping was used to construct four stylized regional GE models from 34 existing local economy‐wide impact evaluation (LEWIE) models. Simulations revealed that the pandemic and policy responses to ...
Soil amendment with two types of composts: animal manure (AC) and vegetable waste (VC) induced co... more Soil amendment with two types of composts: animal manure (AC) and vegetable waste (VC) induced composts have potential to alleviate Cd toxicity to maize in contaminated soil. Therefore, Cd mobility in waste water irrigated soil can be addressed through eco-friendly and cost effective organic soil amendments AC and VC that eventually reduces its translocation from polluted soil to maize plant tissues. The comparative effectiveness of AC and VC at 3% rate were evaluated on Cd solubility, its accumulation in maize tissues, translocation from root to shoot, chlorophyll contents, plant biomass, yield and soil properties (pH, NPK, OM). Results revealed that the addition of organic soil amendments significantly minimized Cd mobility and leachability in soil by 58.6% and 47%, respectively in VC-amended soil over control. While, the reduction was observed by 61.7% and 57%, respectively when AC was added at 3% over control. Comparing the control soil, Cd uptake effectively reduced via plants shoots and roots by 50%, 46% respectively when VC was added in polluted soil. However, Cd uptake was decreased in maize shoot and roots by 58% and 52.4% in AC amended soil at 3% rate, respectively. Additionally, NPK contents were significantly improved in polluted soil as well as in plant tissues in both composts amended soil Comparative to control, the addition of composts significantly improved the maize dry biomass and chlorophyll contents at 3% rate. Thus, present study confirmed that the addition of animal manure derived compost (AC) at 3% rate performed well and might be consider the suitable approach relative to vegetable compost for maize growth in polluted soil.
Abstract Wastewater irrigation in croplands is recognized as one of the major threat, seriously a... more Abstract Wastewater irrigation in croplands is recognized as one of the major threat, seriously affecting soil health and sustainable agriculture around the globe. Heavy metals presence especially cadmium (Cd) in wastewater irrigated soils is posing serious physiological and morphological disorder in plants due to its highest mobility. Therefore, metals mobility in wastewater irrigated soils can be curtailed through eco-friendly and cost effective organic soil amendments compost (CP), press mud (PM) and moringa leaf extract (ME) at 3% rate that eventually reduces its translocation from polluted soil to plant. This study explored the possible effects of various types of organic soil amendments on Cd phytoavailability in wastewater degraded soil and its subsequent accumulation in maize tissues. Maize plant was grown in Ghazi University as a test plant and Cd accumulation was recorded in its tissues, translocation from root to shoot, chlorophyll contents, plant biomass, yield and soil properties (pH, NPK, OM and Soluble Cd) were also examined. Results revealed that the addition of amendments significantly minimized Cd mobility in soil by 45.8%, 23% and 19.4% when CP, PM and ME were added at 3% over control. Comparing the control soil, Cd uptake effectively reduced via plants shoots by 33.3%, 27.7% and 19.4% when CP, PM and ME. In addition, NPK were significantly increased among all the added treatments in the soil-plant system as well as improved chlorophyll contents relative to non-treated soil. The Current study suggested that among all the amendments, compost at 3% rate performed well and can be considered a suitable approach for maize growth in polluted soil.
Cadmium contamination in croplands is recognized one of the major threat, seriously affecting soi... more Cadmium contamination in croplands is recognized one of the major threat, seriously affecting soil health and sustainable agriculture around the globe. Cd mobility in wastewater irrigated soils can be curtailed through eco-friendly and cost effective organic soil amendments (biochars) that eventually minimizes its translocation from soil to plant. This study explored the possible effects of various types of plants straw biochar as soil amendments on cadmium (Cd) phytoavailability in wastewater degraded soil and its subsequent accumulation in sunflower tissues. The studied biochars including rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), acacia (AC) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) to wastewater irrigated soil containing Cd. Sunflower plant was grown as a test plant and Cd accumulation was recorded in its tissues, antioxidant enzymatic activity chlorophyll contents, plant biomass, yield and soil properties (pH, NPK, OM and Soluble Cd) were also examined. Results revealed that addition of biochar significantly minimized Cd mobility in soil by 53.4%, 44%, 41% and 36% when RS, WS, AC and SB were added at 2% over control. Comparing the control soil, biochar amended soil effectively reduced Cd uptake via plants shoots by 71.7%, 60.6%, 59% and 36.6%, when RS, WS, AC and SB. Among all the biochar, rice husk induced biochar significantly reduced oxidative stress and reduced SOD, POD and CAT activity by 49%, 40.5% and 46.5% respectively over control. In addition, NPK were significantly increased among all the added biochars in soil-plant system as well as improved chlorophyll contents relative to non-bioachar amended soil. Thus, among all the amendments, rice husk and wheat straw biochar performed well and might be considered the suitable approach for sunflower growth in polluted soil.
Metals that contaminate soil are one of the major problems seriously affecting sustainable agricu... more Metals that contaminate soil are one of the major problems seriously affecting sustainable agriculture worldwide. Cadmium (Cd) toxicity to agricultural crops is a global problem. Mobility of Cd in contaminated soil can be minimized by the amendment of soil passivators which will ultimately reduce its movement from soil to plants. A pot study was performed to evaluate the impact of sepiolite from 1% to 5% on Cd solubility and its accumulation in spinach tissues. Soil pH, Cd fractionation, Cd accumulation in spinach tissue and Cd adsorption mechanism were determined. Results were recorded that soil pH was increased from 0.3 to 1.0 units with the increasing rate of sepiolite from 1% to 5%. Similarly, Cd contents in acid soluble phase was decreased by 42.8% and increased in residual phase by 35.8% at 5% rate, relative to control. Moreover, the significant reduction in Cd uptake by spinach shoots and roots was occurred by 26.2% and 30.6% at 5% rate, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum Cd adsorption capacity 37.35 mg g 1 was recorded at 5% rate relative to control. The analysis of FTIR, XRD and SEM also confirm the ability of sepiolite for Cd polluted soil restoration and thereby, reduces its phytoavailability in polluted soil to alleviate food security challenges.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2004
Transient elevations of cytosolic Ca 2+ are a common mechanism of cellular signaling. In striated... more Transient elevations of cytosolic Ca 2+ are a common mechanism of cellular signaling. In striated muscle, the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA) plays an important role in terminating Ca 2+ transients by returning cytosolic Ca 2+ to intracellular stores. Stored Ca 2+ can then be released again for subsequent signaling. We down-regulated SERCA2 gene expression in cultured cardiac myocytes by means of endogenous transcription of small interfering RNA encoded by an exogenous cDNA template. The cDNA template was delivered by adenovirus vector. Reduction of SERCA expression in all myocytes in culture was documented by immunochemistry, real-time RT-PCR, and determination of ATP-dependent Ca 2+ transport. The reduction of SERCA2 expression was associated with the up-regulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel proteins (TRPC4 and TRPC5) and Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, indicating that intracellular store deficiency was compensated for by Ca 2+ fluxes through the plasma...
Upon direct selection of mammalian cells for resistance to thapsigargin (TG), a potent inhibitor ... more Upon direct selection of mammalian cells for resistance to thapsigargin (TG), a potent inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2؉ transport ATPase (SERCA), the ATPase can acquire specific mutations at amino acid position 256 (aa 256). In particular, Phe 256 3 Leu and Phe 256 3 Ser substitutions can occur upon TG selection, with each substitution resulting in a SERCA that is 4-to 5-fold resistant to TG inhibition (M. Yu et al., J. Biol. Chem. 273, 3542-3546, 1998). We have now identified a third substitution, i.e., Phe 256 3 Val, that occurs when the Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line DC-3F is selected for TG resistance. Although the Phe 256 3 Val substitution at codon 256 results in a SERCA whose enzymological properties in terms of Ca 2؉ transport and ATP hydrolysis are essentially similar to that of wild-type (wt) SERCA, the mutant enzyme is more than 40-fold resistant to TG inhibition. To analyze further the role of aa 256 in TG-SERCA interactions, mutational analysis of this particular residue was also carried out. Of all the mutations introduced, only the Phe 256 3 Glu substitution interferes with expression of the ATPase. The Phe 256 3 Arg substitution does not interfere with SERCA expression, but the resulting enzyme is totally inactive. In terms of sensitivity of the various mutants to TG, maximal reduction in the ATPase's affinity for TG occurs with amino acid substitutions containing branched side chains, i.e. with the Phe 256 3 Val, Phe 256 3 Ile, and Phe 256 3 Thr mutants. Since a corresponding Phe is conserved in the Na ؉ , K ؉-ATPase which is not sensitive to TG, our findings suggest that this amino acid provides stabilization of the stalk segment with respect to the membrane interface, thereby optimizing specific interactions of TG with neighboring S3 residues (L. Zhong and G. Inesi, J. Biol. Chem. 273, 12994-12998, 1998). It is likely that a relatively high frequency of codon 256 mutations favor the aa 256 mutants as a specific adaptive response to TG selection.
Seizures are an infrequent and serious neurological complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with li... more Seizures are an infrequent and serious neurological complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with limited data describing the etiology and the clinical context in which these occur or the associated electrographic and imaging findings. This series details four cases of seizures occurring in patients with COVID-19 with distinct time points, underlying pathology, and proposed physiological mechanisms. An enhanced understanding of seizure manifestations in COVID-19 and their clinical course may allow for earlier detection and improved patient management.
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