AIM The present study was done to evaluate the in vivo cariostatic efficacy of aqueous and ethano... more AIM The present study was done to evaluate the in vivo cariostatic efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of liquorice to ascertain whether it could be developed into a caries-preventive regimen basically targeted for use in the pediatric population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty schoolchildren of 6-12-year-old were selected for the study. Powder of Glycyrrhiza glabra is used to prepare the gel with various concentration of aqueous and ethanolic liquorice gel. The preweighed dose was delivered through the vials. The drug concentrations were based on their respective minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against Streptococcus mutans, which were calculated earlier. And it is divided into three groups, i.e., group I: aqueous liquorice extract 1.75 g/10 mL saline, group II: ethanolic liquorice extract 350 mg/10 mL, and group III: hexidine (0.2% chlorhexidine, CHX). For statistical analysis, Tukey's post hoc with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t test were appli...
Background: Saliva plays a major role in preserving the integrity of oral tissues. Chronic renal ... more Background: Saliva plays a major role in preserving the integrity of oral tissues. Chronic renal failure patient undergoes many oral and salivary changes for which they require special oral health care. The patient undergoing hemodialysis session has altered salivary composition. Many changes occur during hemodialysis that severely affect the flow rate and the biochemical composition of saliva. Methods: A total of 50 patients of end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis for renal insufficiency were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria set prior to the study. These patients were compared with the control group who had already undergone hemodialysis. A total of 30 patients were selected as a control group. In this study, unstimulated whole saliva was collected by the spitting method before and after the dialysis session. Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacities were measured. Results: Hemodialysis had a significant effect on the salivary flow rate. The mean pH of unstimulated whole saliva showed no significant changes before and after dialysis. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, chloride, and potassium in the whole saliva changed markedly before and after a hemodialysis session, whereas no significant difference was seen in the concentration of sodium and calcium. Conclusion: Through this study, we came into a conclusion that hemodialysis had a significant effect on salivary secretion and the biochemical composition of saliva. We conclude that the observed changes in salivary concentrations and the flow rate are mainly due to an increased watery secretion from the salivary glands and also saliva can be used as a tool for monitoring hemodialysis.
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2017
Introduction: The mental foramen is located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars. Var... more Introduction: The mental foramen is located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars. Variations in its position can be a cause of complications during local anesthesia or surgical procedures as well as in the diagnosis of lesions periapically. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the position and symmetry of mental foramen on a digital orthopantomogram (OPG), and the objective was to determine the frequency of location of mental foramen in relation to apices of teeth and interdental spaces on the panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: The study was done in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, and 750 participants were selected in this study whose radiographic evaluation of mental foramen was done using OPG. The position of the image of the mental foramen was recorded according to criteria given by Wei Cheong Ngeow and Yusof Yuzawati. Statistical Analysis: The collected data were subsequently processed and analyzed using SPSS statistical package version 17. Results: We found that mental foramen is located below the second premolar in 74.4% of the patients followed by between two premolars in 19.3% of the population. In both males and females, most common position was in line with the second premolar followed by between two premolars. The mental foramen was symmetrical in 613 patients (81.7%) and asymmetrical in 137 patients (18.3%). Conclusion: In the present study, it was found that the most common position of the mental foramen was below second premolar followed by between two premolars. It was symmetrical in 81.7% of the population. In males and females, the most common position was below second premolar followed by between two premolars.
Point-Spread Function (PSF) modelling offers the capability to account for resolution degrading p... more Point-Spread Function (PSF) modelling offers the capability to account for resolution degrading phenomena within the PET reconstruction framework. PSF modelling improves resolution and enhances contrast, but at the same time significantly alters image noise properties and induces edge overshoot effect. Thus, studying the effect of PSF modelling on quantitation task performance can be very important. Frameworks explored in the past involve a dichotomy of PSF vs. no-PSF modelling. By contrast, the present work focuses on quantitative performance evaluation of standard uptake value (SUV) PET images, while incorporating a wide spectrum of PSF models, including those that under- and over-estimate the true PSF, for the potential of enhanced quantitation of standardized uptake values (SUVs). The developed framework first analytically models the true PSF, considering a range of resolution degradation phenomena (including photon non-collinearity, inter-crystal penetration and scattering) as present in data acquisitions with modern commercial PET systems. In the context of oncologic liver FDG PET imaging, we generated 200 noisy datasets per image-set (with clinically realistic noise levels) using an XCAT anthropomorphic phantom with liver tumours of varying sizes. These were subsequently reconstructed using the OS-EM algorithm with varying PSF-modelled kernels. We focused on quantitation of both SUVmean and SUVmax, including assessment of contrast recovery coefficients (CRC), as well as noise-bias characteristics (including both image roughness and coefficient-of-variability (CoV)), for different tumours/iterations/PSF kernels. It was observed that overestimated PSF yielded more accurate contrast recovery for a range of tumours, and typically improved quantitative performance. For a clinically reasonable number of iterations, edge enhancement due to PSF modelling (especially due to over-estimated PSF) was in fact seen to lower SUVmean bias in small tumours. Overall, the results indicate that exactly matched PSF modelling does not offer optimized PET quantitation, and that PSF overestimation may provide enhanced SUV quantitation. Furthermore, generalized PSF modelling may provide a valuable approach for in quantitative tasks such as diagnosis, prognostication and treatment-response assessment.
AIM The present study was done to evaluate the in vivo cariostatic efficacy of aqueous and ethano... more AIM The present study was done to evaluate the in vivo cariostatic efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of liquorice to ascertain whether it could be developed into a caries-preventive regimen basically targeted for use in the pediatric population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty schoolchildren of 6-12-year-old were selected for the study. Powder of Glycyrrhiza glabra is used to prepare the gel with various concentration of aqueous and ethanolic liquorice gel. The preweighed dose was delivered through the vials. The drug concentrations were based on their respective minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against Streptococcus mutans, which were calculated earlier. And it is divided into three groups, i.e., group I: aqueous liquorice extract 1.75 g/10 mL saline, group II: ethanolic liquorice extract 350 mg/10 mL, and group III: hexidine (0.2% chlorhexidine, CHX). For statistical analysis, Tukey's post hoc with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t test were appli...
Background: Saliva plays a major role in preserving the integrity of oral tissues. Chronic renal ... more Background: Saliva plays a major role in preserving the integrity of oral tissues. Chronic renal failure patient undergoes many oral and salivary changes for which they require special oral health care. The patient undergoing hemodialysis session has altered salivary composition. Many changes occur during hemodialysis that severely affect the flow rate and the biochemical composition of saliva. Methods: A total of 50 patients of end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis for renal insufficiency were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria set prior to the study. These patients were compared with the control group who had already undergone hemodialysis. A total of 30 patients were selected as a control group. In this study, unstimulated whole saliva was collected by the spitting method before and after the dialysis session. Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacities were measured. Results: Hemodialysis had a significant effect on the salivary flow rate. The mean pH of unstimulated whole saliva showed no significant changes before and after dialysis. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, chloride, and potassium in the whole saliva changed markedly before and after a hemodialysis session, whereas no significant difference was seen in the concentration of sodium and calcium. Conclusion: Through this study, we came into a conclusion that hemodialysis had a significant effect on salivary secretion and the biochemical composition of saliva. We conclude that the observed changes in salivary concentrations and the flow rate are mainly due to an increased watery secretion from the salivary glands and also saliva can be used as a tool for monitoring hemodialysis.
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2017
Introduction: The mental foramen is located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars. Var... more Introduction: The mental foramen is located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars. Variations in its position can be a cause of complications during local anesthesia or surgical procedures as well as in the diagnosis of lesions periapically. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the position and symmetry of mental foramen on a digital orthopantomogram (OPG), and the objective was to determine the frequency of location of mental foramen in relation to apices of teeth and interdental spaces on the panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: The study was done in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, and 750 participants were selected in this study whose radiographic evaluation of mental foramen was done using OPG. The position of the image of the mental foramen was recorded according to criteria given by Wei Cheong Ngeow and Yusof Yuzawati. Statistical Analysis: The collected data were subsequently processed and analyzed using SPSS statistical package version 17. Results: We found that mental foramen is located below the second premolar in 74.4% of the patients followed by between two premolars in 19.3% of the population. In both males and females, most common position was in line with the second premolar followed by between two premolars. The mental foramen was symmetrical in 613 patients (81.7%) and asymmetrical in 137 patients (18.3%). Conclusion: In the present study, it was found that the most common position of the mental foramen was below second premolar followed by between two premolars. It was symmetrical in 81.7% of the population. In males and females, the most common position was below second premolar followed by between two premolars.
Point-Spread Function (PSF) modelling offers the capability to account for resolution degrading p... more Point-Spread Function (PSF) modelling offers the capability to account for resolution degrading phenomena within the PET reconstruction framework. PSF modelling improves resolution and enhances contrast, but at the same time significantly alters image noise properties and induces edge overshoot effect. Thus, studying the effect of PSF modelling on quantitation task performance can be very important. Frameworks explored in the past involve a dichotomy of PSF vs. no-PSF modelling. By contrast, the present work focuses on quantitative performance evaluation of standard uptake value (SUV) PET images, while incorporating a wide spectrum of PSF models, including those that under- and over-estimate the true PSF, for the potential of enhanced quantitation of standardized uptake values (SUVs). The developed framework first analytically models the true PSF, considering a range of resolution degradation phenomena (including photon non-collinearity, inter-crystal penetration and scattering) as present in data acquisitions with modern commercial PET systems. In the context of oncologic liver FDG PET imaging, we generated 200 noisy datasets per image-set (with clinically realistic noise levels) using an XCAT anthropomorphic phantom with liver tumours of varying sizes. These were subsequently reconstructed using the OS-EM algorithm with varying PSF-modelled kernels. We focused on quantitation of both SUVmean and SUVmax, including assessment of contrast recovery coefficients (CRC), as well as noise-bias characteristics (including both image roughness and coefficient-of-variability (CoV)), for different tumours/iterations/PSF kernels. It was observed that overestimated PSF yielded more accurate contrast recovery for a range of tumours, and typically improved quantitative performance. For a clinically reasonable number of iterations, edge enhancement due to PSF modelling (especially due to over-estimated PSF) was in fact seen to lower SUVmean bias in small tumours. Overall, the results indicate that exactly matched PSF modelling does not offer optimized PET quantitation, and that PSF overestimation may provide enhanced SUV quantitation. Furthermore, generalized PSF modelling may provide a valuable approach for in quantitative tasks such as diagnosis, prognostication and treatment-response assessment.
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