Schistosomiasis is classically described as a rural disease that occurs in areas with poor sanita... more Schistosomiasis is classically described as a rural disease that occurs in areas with poor sanitary conditions. However, over recent decades, there has been an expansion of schistosomiasis foci towards urban areas faced with a rapid and disordered urbanization. In Bamako, Mali, the impact of environmental change on vector-borne diseases such as schistosomiasis is not well known. This study sought to identify the presence of schistosomiasis transmission hotspots in Bamako. Using this perspective, we aimed to describe the risk factors of the endemization and maintenance of schistosomiasis. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the six municipalities (communes) in Bamako. Environmental information was obtained from earth observation satellites in order to maximize ecological contrasts. Twenty-nine blocks of 200 m x 200 m were identified. We selected a school inside or nearest to each block for urine and stool samples examination. The study cohort was school children aged between e...
Les arthropodes hematophages assurant la transmission biologique active des nombreux pathogenes d... more Les arthropodes hematophages assurant la transmission biologique active des nombreux pathogenes d’un animal a un autre, dont l’homme. La lutte anti-vectorielle et la surveillance epidemiologique des vecteurs sont essentielles pour la lutte et le controle des maladies vectorielles.L’identification correcte des arthropodes, la determination de l’origine du repas sanguin ainsi que des pathogenes associes sont des etapes cruciales dans la lutte contre les vecteurs. Nos travaux ont ainsi porte sur une combinaison des methodes (morphologie, moleculaire et MALDI-TOF MS) pour l’identification, la determination de repas de sang et des pathogenes associes avec les hotes et leurs arthropodes. La premiere partie de notre travail, etait utilisation d’outil MALDI-TOF MS pour identifier des tiques collectees au Mali et conservees dans de l’ethanol 70%. Les tiques etaient aussi testees par la biologie moleculaire pour rechercher les microorganismes. Nous avons egalement identifies par MALDI-TOF MS ...
Il n'existe, a notre connaissance, dans la litterature scientifique, que des donnees tres fra... more Il n'existe, a notre connaissance, dans la litterature scientifique, que des donnees tres fragmentaires concernant l'influence des hormones thyroidiennes sur les differentes etapes du metabolisme des catecholamines etudiees in vivo chez le jeune Rat, au cours du developpement. Le but du present travail etait d'etudier les effets des hormones thyroidiennes sur l'influx de la tyrosine du sang vers certaines aires cerebrales, la synthese et la degradation des catecholamines in vivo chez le jeune Rat au cours du developpement. Cette etude nous a conduit a mesurer, en lus, la disponibilite en substrat (la tyrosine) dans les tissus et organes que nous voulions etudier. C'est ainsi que l'hypothyroidie neonatale provoque, chez le jeune Rat, une augmentation de la tyrosinemie. En outre, elle entraine: A) Au niveau central: 1. Une augmentation de l'in flux de la tyrosine tritiee du sang vers l'hypothalamus apres injection intraveineuse de l'acide amine mar...
In deprived countries such as mali, upper-volta (burkina-faso) and niger which are for historical... more In deprived countries such as mali, upper-volta (burkina-faso) and niger which are for historical and geographical reasons bearing poverty, it has become a necessity, more an obsession to open up. Il l is all the more essential when we know that, these countries heavily rely on transports for their access to the international market, their food supplies and the good running of their economies. Through this their importance and their impact can be measured. The quick settlement of a transportation policy should be integrated in a global policy of development which should modify the socio-economc structures of which the growth was wrong, blocked or extroverted. If not, not only development runs the risk to be hindered, but also other territories areas , and even the whole country will be made enclaves. Interactions of transportation are more and more numeros and more and more various to intervene here and there. This is why, we have foud it quite interesting to show how from as turnin...
INTRODUCTION: La sante bucco-dentaire fait partie integrante de la sante generale et du bien-etre... more INTRODUCTION: La sante bucco-dentaire fait partie integrante de la sante generale et du bien-etre de tous les individus selon l’OMS. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer l’etat buccodentaire des patients vus en consultation dans le service d’Odontostomatologie du Centre de Sante de Reference de Ouelessebougou au MALI. METHODOLOGIE: Il s’agissait d’une etude prospective, transversale de type descriptif d’ une periode de 3 mois allant du 01 Aout au 30 octobre 2018.L’etude portait sur tous les patients venus en premiere consultation dans le service. RESULTATS: Dans cette etude, le sexe masculin representait 52% des cas avec un sex ratio de 1,08 %. La tranche d’âge la plus representee etait celle de 16 a 30 ans avec 53,25 %. La moyenne d’âge etait de 30 ans. Parmi les pathologies bucco-dentaires, la carie dentaire etait la plus representee avec 94,14 % suivie des affections parodontales avec 71,82%. Cette etude a montre que 79 % des patients se brossaient les dents. Parmi les 122 p...
Background The Cimicidae are obligatory blood-feeding ectoparasites of medical and veterinary imp... more Background The Cimicidae are obligatory blood-feeding ectoparasites of medical and veterinary importance. We aim in the current study to assess the ability of MALDI-TOF MS to identify Cimex hirundinis swallow bugs collected in house martin nests. Methods Swallow bugs were picked out from abandoned nests of house martin swallows and identified morphologically to the species level. The bugs were randomly selected, dissected and then subjected to MALDI-TOF MS and molecular analyses. Results A total of 65 adults and 50 nymphs were used in the attempt to determine whether this tool could identify the bug species and discriminate their developmental stages. Five adults and four nymphs of C. hirundinis specimens were molecularly identified to update our MS homemade arthropod database. BLAST analysis of COI gene sequences from these C. hirundinis revealed 98.66–99.12% identity with the corresponding sequences of C. hirundinis of the GenBank. The blind test against the database supplemented ...
Lice pose major public and veterinary health problems with economic consequences. Their identific... more Lice pose major public and veterinary health problems with economic consequences. Their identification is essential and requires the development of an innovative strategy. MALDI-TOF MS has recently been proposed as a quick, inexpensive, and accurate tool for the identification of arthropods. Alcohol is one of the most frequently used storage methods and makes it possible to store samples for long periods at room temperature. Several recent studies have reported that alcohol alters protein profiles resulting from MS analysis. After preliminary studies on frozen lice, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of alcohol preservation on the accuracy of lice identification by MALDI-TOF MS. To this end, lice stored in alcohol for variable periods were submitted for MS analysis and sample preparation protocols were optimized. The reproducibility and specificity of the MS spectra obtained on both these arthropod families allowed us to implement the reference MS spectra dat...
Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.), 2016
Résumé Au Mali la leishmaniose cutanée (LC) est bien décrite en milieu rural, mais sa transmissio... more Résumé Au Mali la leishmaniose cutanée (LC) est bien décrite en milieu rural, mais sa transmission n’est pas encore établie en milieu urbain. L’objectif de l’étude était de décrire la faune phlébotomienne à Bamako et dans ses environs. Les pièges CDC et adhésifs servaient à collecter les phlébotomes en 2011 et 2012 à Bamako. Les pièges étaient placés dans le district de Bamako répartis en 30 zones (200 m × 200 m) à l’aide des images de satellite SPOT-5. La délimitation des zones était basée sur les facteurs écologiques (relief, hydrographie, couverture végétale) et anthropologiques (nature des maisons, dépôts d’ordure). Les pièges étaient placés en 2011 à Sotuba, zone périurbaine, puis à Donéguébougou et Banambani, deux villages environnants de Bamako. Au total 122 phlébotomes étaient collectés 27 (22,13 %) à Banambani, 12 (9,83 %) à Donéguébougou, 2 (1,63 %) à Sotuba et 81 (66,39 %) à Bamako. La densité des phlébotomes en novembre était plus élevée, avec 48 spécimens capturés (39,3 %), que celle d’avril, mai et décembre (p ≥ 0,001). A Bamako, les zones 6 et 28 étaient associées aux densités les plus élevées de phlébotomes respectivement 32 (26,22 %) et 23 (18,85 %) (p ≤ 0,005). Les résultats suggèrent que le genre Phlebotomus n’était pas présent à Bamako, et que la densité des vecteurs variait en fonction des zones et des mois.
This article is part of the "Curriculum, Cross-curricular education". Its objective is ... more This article is part of the "Curriculum, Cross-curricular education". Its objective is to highlight the state of the basic education curriculum in Mali, especially in the urban commune of Ségou, after more than five years of practice in its generalization phase. In order to carry out this study, we have used the traditional methods in the social sciences, such as the quantitative and the qualitative methods. The quantitative method involved a sample of 180 people (50% of women and 50% of men). The qualitative method involved the interview with main actors in the education sector. These methodological investigations allow to identify obstacles that prevent the normal functioning of the curriculum in Mali. According to different actors, this is a curriculum that is not up to expectations. Thus, they oppose its generalization to the present state and advocate, for want of a better, a return to the traditional method based on syllabics. In this work, we focus on how the resear...
Schistosomiasis is classically described as a rural disease that occurs in areas with poor sanita... more Schistosomiasis is classically described as a rural disease that occurs in areas with poor sanitary conditions. However, over recent decades, there has been an expansion of schistosomiasis foci towards urban areas faced with a rapid and disordered urbanization. In Bamako, Mali, the impact of environmental change on vector-borne diseases such as schistosomiasis is not well known. This study sought to identify the presence of schistosomiasis transmission hotspots in Bamako. Using this perspective, we aimed to describe the risk factors of the endemization and maintenance of schistosomiasis. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the six municipalities (communes) in Bamako. Environmental information was obtained from earth observation satellites in order to maximize ecological contrasts. Twenty-nine blocks of 200 m x 200 m were identified. We selected a school inside or nearest to each block for urine and stool samples examination. The study cohort was school children aged between e...
Les arthropodes hematophages assurant la transmission biologique active des nombreux pathogenes d... more Les arthropodes hematophages assurant la transmission biologique active des nombreux pathogenes d’un animal a un autre, dont l’homme. La lutte anti-vectorielle et la surveillance epidemiologique des vecteurs sont essentielles pour la lutte et le controle des maladies vectorielles.L’identification correcte des arthropodes, la determination de l’origine du repas sanguin ainsi que des pathogenes associes sont des etapes cruciales dans la lutte contre les vecteurs. Nos travaux ont ainsi porte sur une combinaison des methodes (morphologie, moleculaire et MALDI-TOF MS) pour l’identification, la determination de repas de sang et des pathogenes associes avec les hotes et leurs arthropodes. La premiere partie de notre travail, etait utilisation d’outil MALDI-TOF MS pour identifier des tiques collectees au Mali et conservees dans de l’ethanol 70%. Les tiques etaient aussi testees par la biologie moleculaire pour rechercher les microorganismes. Nous avons egalement identifies par MALDI-TOF MS ...
Il n'existe, a notre connaissance, dans la litterature scientifique, que des donnees tres fra... more Il n'existe, a notre connaissance, dans la litterature scientifique, que des donnees tres fragmentaires concernant l'influence des hormones thyroidiennes sur les differentes etapes du metabolisme des catecholamines etudiees in vivo chez le jeune Rat, au cours du developpement. Le but du present travail etait d'etudier les effets des hormones thyroidiennes sur l'influx de la tyrosine du sang vers certaines aires cerebrales, la synthese et la degradation des catecholamines in vivo chez le jeune Rat au cours du developpement. Cette etude nous a conduit a mesurer, en lus, la disponibilite en substrat (la tyrosine) dans les tissus et organes que nous voulions etudier. C'est ainsi que l'hypothyroidie neonatale provoque, chez le jeune Rat, une augmentation de la tyrosinemie. En outre, elle entraine: A) Au niveau central: 1. Une augmentation de l'in flux de la tyrosine tritiee du sang vers l'hypothalamus apres injection intraveineuse de l'acide amine mar...
In deprived countries such as mali, upper-volta (burkina-faso) and niger which are for historical... more In deprived countries such as mali, upper-volta (burkina-faso) and niger which are for historical and geographical reasons bearing poverty, it has become a necessity, more an obsession to open up. Il l is all the more essential when we know that, these countries heavily rely on transports for their access to the international market, their food supplies and the good running of their economies. Through this their importance and their impact can be measured. The quick settlement of a transportation policy should be integrated in a global policy of development which should modify the socio-economc structures of which the growth was wrong, blocked or extroverted. If not, not only development runs the risk to be hindered, but also other territories areas , and even the whole country will be made enclaves. Interactions of transportation are more and more numeros and more and more various to intervene here and there. This is why, we have foud it quite interesting to show how from as turnin...
INTRODUCTION: La sante bucco-dentaire fait partie integrante de la sante generale et du bien-etre... more INTRODUCTION: La sante bucco-dentaire fait partie integrante de la sante generale et du bien-etre de tous les individus selon l’OMS. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer l’etat buccodentaire des patients vus en consultation dans le service d’Odontostomatologie du Centre de Sante de Reference de Ouelessebougou au MALI. METHODOLOGIE: Il s’agissait d’une etude prospective, transversale de type descriptif d’ une periode de 3 mois allant du 01 Aout au 30 octobre 2018.L’etude portait sur tous les patients venus en premiere consultation dans le service. RESULTATS: Dans cette etude, le sexe masculin representait 52% des cas avec un sex ratio de 1,08 %. La tranche d’âge la plus representee etait celle de 16 a 30 ans avec 53,25 %. La moyenne d’âge etait de 30 ans. Parmi les pathologies bucco-dentaires, la carie dentaire etait la plus representee avec 94,14 % suivie des affections parodontales avec 71,82%. Cette etude a montre que 79 % des patients se brossaient les dents. Parmi les 122 p...
Background The Cimicidae are obligatory blood-feeding ectoparasites of medical and veterinary imp... more Background The Cimicidae are obligatory blood-feeding ectoparasites of medical and veterinary importance. We aim in the current study to assess the ability of MALDI-TOF MS to identify Cimex hirundinis swallow bugs collected in house martin nests. Methods Swallow bugs were picked out from abandoned nests of house martin swallows and identified morphologically to the species level. The bugs were randomly selected, dissected and then subjected to MALDI-TOF MS and molecular analyses. Results A total of 65 adults and 50 nymphs were used in the attempt to determine whether this tool could identify the bug species and discriminate their developmental stages. Five adults and four nymphs of C. hirundinis specimens were molecularly identified to update our MS homemade arthropod database. BLAST analysis of COI gene sequences from these C. hirundinis revealed 98.66–99.12% identity with the corresponding sequences of C. hirundinis of the GenBank. The blind test against the database supplemented ...
Lice pose major public and veterinary health problems with economic consequences. Their identific... more Lice pose major public and veterinary health problems with economic consequences. Their identification is essential and requires the development of an innovative strategy. MALDI-TOF MS has recently been proposed as a quick, inexpensive, and accurate tool for the identification of arthropods. Alcohol is one of the most frequently used storage methods and makes it possible to store samples for long periods at room temperature. Several recent studies have reported that alcohol alters protein profiles resulting from MS analysis. After preliminary studies on frozen lice, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of alcohol preservation on the accuracy of lice identification by MALDI-TOF MS. To this end, lice stored in alcohol for variable periods were submitted for MS analysis and sample preparation protocols were optimized. The reproducibility and specificity of the MS spectra obtained on both these arthropod families allowed us to implement the reference MS spectra dat...
Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.), 2016
Résumé Au Mali la leishmaniose cutanée (LC) est bien décrite en milieu rural, mais sa transmissio... more Résumé Au Mali la leishmaniose cutanée (LC) est bien décrite en milieu rural, mais sa transmission n’est pas encore établie en milieu urbain. L’objectif de l’étude était de décrire la faune phlébotomienne à Bamako et dans ses environs. Les pièges CDC et adhésifs servaient à collecter les phlébotomes en 2011 et 2012 à Bamako. Les pièges étaient placés dans le district de Bamako répartis en 30 zones (200 m × 200 m) à l’aide des images de satellite SPOT-5. La délimitation des zones était basée sur les facteurs écologiques (relief, hydrographie, couverture végétale) et anthropologiques (nature des maisons, dépôts d’ordure). Les pièges étaient placés en 2011 à Sotuba, zone périurbaine, puis à Donéguébougou et Banambani, deux villages environnants de Bamako. Au total 122 phlébotomes étaient collectés 27 (22,13 %) à Banambani, 12 (9,83 %) à Donéguébougou, 2 (1,63 %) à Sotuba et 81 (66,39 %) à Bamako. La densité des phlébotomes en novembre était plus élevée, avec 48 spécimens capturés (39,3 %), que celle d’avril, mai et décembre (p ≥ 0,001). A Bamako, les zones 6 et 28 étaient associées aux densités les plus élevées de phlébotomes respectivement 32 (26,22 %) et 23 (18,85 %) (p ≤ 0,005). Les résultats suggèrent que le genre Phlebotomus n’était pas présent à Bamako, et que la densité des vecteurs variait en fonction des zones et des mois.
This article is part of the "Curriculum, Cross-curricular education". Its objective is ... more This article is part of the "Curriculum, Cross-curricular education". Its objective is to highlight the state of the basic education curriculum in Mali, especially in the urban commune of Ségou, after more than five years of practice in its generalization phase. In order to carry out this study, we have used the traditional methods in the social sciences, such as the quantitative and the qualitative methods. The quantitative method involved a sample of 180 people (50% of women and 50% of men). The qualitative method involved the interview with main actors in the education sector. These methodological investigations allow to identify obstacles that prevent the normal functioning of the curriculum in Mali. According to different actors, this is a curriculum that is not up to expectations. Thus, they oppose its generalization to the present state and advocate, for want of a better, a return to the traditional method based on syllabics. In this work, we focus on how the resear...
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