The intestinal parasitic infections are usually caused by helminths and protozoa that can lead to... more The intestinal parasitic infections are usually caused by helminths and protozoa that can lead to the public health problem such as acute and chronic diarrhea, dehydration and abdominal pain. Common factors that cause intestinal parasitic infection among school children are poor hygiene habits, overcrowding, drinking unsafe water and poor immnunity. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the presence of the protozoa and helminths among school children aged 10 years old from four different schools in Kuantan, Pahang. The informed consent form is given to parents before conducting this research. Only 62 school children were willing to participate in this study. The collected stool specimens were examined microscopically by direct smear for detecting the presence of helminths. Trichrome staining and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining were performed to identify the presence of cysts and oocysts.
Trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan parasite is commonly found in the genitourinary tr... more Trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan parasite is commonly found in the genitourinary tract. Binary fission is the only plausible mode of reproduction shown thus far but this does not account for the rapid growth rates seen in in vitro cultures within a short period of time. We have previously shown ultrastructural evidence of another asexual mode of reproduction other than binary fission seen in Trichmonas vaginalis. The present study compares the number of multi-nucleated forms isolated from cervical neoplasia (CN) and non-cervical neoplasia (NCN) patients. The present study highlights the detailed characterization of the morphological aspects of 4 CN and 4 NCN isolates by using fixed staining and fluorescent staining of nuclear content. A sequential transformation highlighting nuclear division leading to the formation of multi-nucleated parasite is shown. We observe that this mode of reproduction is not commonly seen and postulate that it could be triggered to increase progeny formation due to stress. These forms were viable when tested with trypan blue dye test. The study confirms that the parasite divides by an asexual mode of reproduction other than binary fission and the parasites isolated from cervical neoplasia showing larger numbers of nuclei accounting for higher parasite numbers in cultures.
Purpose: This study predicted three-dimensional (3D) protein structure of Cryptosporidium parvum ... more Purpose: This study predicted three-dimensional (3D) protein structure of Cryptosporidium parvum subtilisin-like serine protease (CpSUB) using homology modelling as the approach of 3D structure prediction. Methods: CpSUB is an extracellular protein comprising of 1324 amino acid residues. Its amino acid sequence was computed to determine the physiochemical properties. 3D protein structure was developed by using MODELLER v9.18 software before subjected to model refinement and assessment. The refined model was then computed for functional annotation. Quality assessment analysis of the protein model for CpSUB through its PROCHECK Ramachandran Plot and other reliable protein structure assessment tools indicated that the selected protein model is a reliable model. Result: The result from functional annotation revealed that it is sorted to cd07473 superfamily or peptidase S8 family domain in subtilisin-like proteins. To our best knowledge, this protein model of CpSUB was first proposed for...
This study was conducted to identify the presence of Cryptosporidium isolated from goats under di... more This study was conducted to identify the presence of Cryptosporidium isolated from goats under different farming systems in Terengganu. A total of 200 fecal samples were randomly collected from goats in three farms (intensive, semi-intensive and extensive system). The samples were processed by using formol-ether concentration technique. Permanent stained slides were prepared using Modified Ziehl Neelsen stain. Out of 200 goats, 98 (49%) were found to be infected with Cryptosporidium. Goats reared under the extensive farm management system showed the highest prevalence of infection (56.7%), followed by the semi-intensive farm management system (51.4%) and the lowest prevalence was reported in the goats reared under the intensive farm management system (40%). The findings showed that goats reared under intensive system were less susceptible to cryptosporidiosis.
Clay minerals are used for therapeutic purposes, with a beneficial effect on health especially in... more Clay minerals are used for therapeutic purposes, with a beneficial effect on health especially in pharmaceutical formulations in the form of administered topically such as for dermatological protectors, cosmetics due to its high specific area and absorption capacity. It is commonly used for aesthetic medicine due to its cation exchange capacity, cooling index and useful for treating dermatological diseases,pain alleviation of chronic rheumatic inflammations, clean, moisturise skin, combat compact lipodystrophies, acne and cellulite. Currently, many scholars tried to achieve understanding of the Hadith scriptures on the subject in the advent of modern science, but normally misleading interpretation happened due to some researchers did not follow the flow of hadith science (ulum al-hadith) methodology by which to correlate ahadith with recent scientific findings. Some of the Hadith texts are still beyond explanation, awaiting further scientific advancements in order to avoid of misint...
Parasitic infection is one of major public health problems especially in developing countries. Cr... more Parasitic infection is one of major public health problems especially in developing countries. Cryptosporidium is one of the common human parasites that cause waterborne disease outbreak in industrialized countries. In this present study, we aimed to determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and to determine whether a statistical association existed between the occurrences and physical parameters in water samples from selected recreational lakes in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Samples were collected from three stations of Lake TG and Lake TB for three consecutive months, from November 2014 to January 2015. The samples were processed to detect the presence of the waterborne protozoa using flat-bed membrane filtration technique. Between the two lakes, the occurrence of Cryptosporidium was higher in Lake TB (0.66 oocysts/L) as compared to Lake TG (0.53 oocysts/L). For monthly occurrence trend for both lakes, the number of Cryptosporidium oocysts present was highest in November, followe...
Bagirsak helmintleri ve bagirsak protozoon enfeksiyonlari, bugun dunyadaki gencler ve yetiskinler... more Bagirsak helmintleri ve bagirsak protozoon enfeksiyonlari, bugun dunyadaki gencler ve yetiskinler arasindaki hastaliklarin onde gelen nedenlerinden biridir. Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides) ve Trichuris trichiura (T. trichiura), ozellikle cocuklar arasinda enfekte olan en yaygin bagirsak helmintleridir. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum ve Blastocystis hominis gibi insanlar uzerinde etkili olan cesitli bagirsak protozoonlari enfekte kisinin diskilarindan bulasmaktadir. Bu kesitsel arastirma Kuantan, Pahang, Malezya'da yapilmistir. Bu anket Kuantan, Pahang, Malezya'da kentsel ve kirsal bolgelerdeki okul cocuklarinin ebeveyinlerinden toplanmistir. Calismaya katilan okul cagi cocuklari ebeveyni olan 136 kisi kentsel ve cevresel ilkogretim okullarindan rastgele secilmistir. Kentsel ilkokul (UPS)’yi "Sekolah Kebangsaan U" ya da "Sekolah Kebangsaan U" dan 68 kisi, kentsel alanlardaki okul cocuklarinin ebeveynlerini temsil etme...
The present study was performed as a preliminary study to determine the occurrence of gastrointes... more The present study was performed as a preliminary study to determine the occurrence of gastrointestinal nematodes in two farms, Farm A and Farm B farm which both are located in Kuantan, Pahang. Present study also aims to identify the main genus of nematodes that predominantly infecting the goats as well as to identify the animal management systems as the possible factors of nematodes infections in the goats raised in the two farms. Methodology and results: Faecal samples were collected per rectum from 42 goats of both farms. Formal ether concentration technique and trichrome staining were performed to detect eggs of the nematodes under light microscope. Present result showed that there was occurrence of nematodes in goats reared in both farms. Present finding found that there was a significant difference (p= 0.014, p-value <0.05) in the occurrence of nematodes infections in goats from Farm A and Farm B whereby Farm A recorded higher occurrence (47.6%) as compared to Farm B (7.2%)....
The success of goat management in terms of milk and meat production relied on the types of feedin... more The success of goat management in terms of milk and meat production relied on the types of feeding materials. The use of imported crops is more common, leading to the stagnation and underutilization in the availability of local crops. In this study, local crops feeding regime or new feeding regime was formulated to compare with the existence imported crops feeding regime or old feeding regime used by the goat farmer. Goats’ body weight gain and daily milk yield were measured as indicators of the feed formulation efficacy and goats’ performance. A total of twenty adult female Saneen goats with body weight approximately 30-35 kg were fed with two different feed formulations for six months. The goats were fed with imported feeding regime (Diet 1) for the first three months and continued with local crops feeding regime (Diet 2) for the next three months. Body weight and daily milk production was measured on Day 7, 14, 21 and 28 of every month. The goats fed with Diet 2 showed higher bod...
Cryptosporidium is one of waterborne pathogens causing gastrointestinal illness in humans and ani... more Cryptosporidium is one of waterborne pathogens causing gastrointestinal illness in humans and animals. In Malaysia, Cryptosporidium related diseases is seemingly neglected and under reported especially at the East Coast region. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim to provide new information on the occurrence of the Cryptosporidium and its physical assessments in two selected rivers, Balok River and Kuantan River located in Kuantan City, Pahang, Malaysia. Water samples were collected from the downstream of Balok River and Kuantan River for three consecutive months which is known as monsoon season starting from November 2014 until January 2015. The water samples were filtered using flat-bed filtration membrane and immunomagnetic separation methods to detect the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Physical parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature and turbidity were measured in situ using hydrolab quanta. The results showed that the occurrence of Cryptospor...
The intestinal parasitic infections are usually caused by helminths and protozoa that can lead to... more The intestinal parasitic infections are usually caused by helminths and protozoa that can lead to the public health problem such as acute and chronic diarrhea, dehydration and abdominal pain. Common factors that cause intestinal parasitic infection among school children are poor hygiene habits, overcrowding, drinking unsafe water and poor immnunity. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the presence of the protozoa and helminths among school children aged 10 years old from four different schools in Kuantan, Pahang. The informed consent form is given to parents before conducting this research. Only 62 school children were willing to participate in this study. The collected stool specimens were examined microscopically by direct smear for detecting the presence of helminths. Trichrome staining and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining were performed to identify the presence of cysts and oocysts.
Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite can cause cryptosporidiosis which is a gastrointestinal dis... more Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite can cause cryptosporidiosis which is a gastrointestinal disease that can infect human and livestock. Therefore, the study attempts to find the occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in a commercial farm located in Kuantan, Pahang. A total of 151 faecal samples from cattle were collected. The samples were processed by using formol-ether concentration technique and stained by modified Ziehl-Neelsen. The result showed that 15.9% (24/151) cattle were positive for Cryptosporidium infection. The findings of this study suggested that proper hygiene practices must be applied in the farm to reduce the Cryptosporidium infection among cattle.
Livestock is a group of domesticated animal that is reared in an agricultural setting. It usually... more Livestock is a group of domesticated animal that is reared in an agricultural setting. It usually served as a source of income for most peoples in Malaysia. However, the productions of this livestock especially goats have been decreasing due to the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths infection. The aim of this study was to identify the presence and species of gastrointestinal helminths from 120 fecal samples collected directly from the rectum of goats from a farm located in Kuantan, Pahang. Firstly, the physical observation was evaluated on all goats. Then, their fecal sample was examined within 96 hours using Formal-ether Sedimentation method for the morphological characteristics identification of gastrointestinal helminthic species under the microscope. This study has identified the majority of goats with a good physical condition, that they have no sign of blood loss and have appropriate body frame. However, the microscopic identification has revealed 89 from the total sampl...
Cryptosporidium infection is a major problem in neonatal ruminants. Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic... more Cryptosporidium infection is a major problem in neonatal ruminants. Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic small protozoan parasite (4-6µm) that inhabit microvillus border of epithelium mucosal in many vertebrates including livestock. Cryptosporidium spp. is known as one of the most common water and foodborne diseases. It is a common cause diarrhea in human and animals. This review highlights the occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection livestock particularly in cattle, goats, sheep and buffaloes are explained in this review paper including the clinical and pathological features and the interaction of Cryptosporidium spp. with other enteropathogens. The information about the transmission, epidemiological factors of the infection and economic losses are also discussed in this paper. Cryptosporidium infection is a major problem in livestock as the infection causes neonatal diarrhea syndrome. Cryptosporidium infections in small ruminants may be a source for cryptosporidiosis in human. Since ther...
Atherosclerosis is the most common disease of large and medium-sized arteries linked to oxidative... more Atherosclerosis is the most common disease of large and medium-sized arteries linked to oxidative stress, dyslipidemia as well as chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential health benefits of Baccaurea angulata (BA) fruit juice on the aorta of diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits, to detect an accumulation of fatty streak and evaluate the percentage of atherosclerotic lesion accrued. Thirty-five healthy male adults New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to seven different groups. Four groups were fed 1% cholesterol diet and 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mL of BA fruit juice per kg of rabbit daily (atherogenic groups), while the other three groups were fed commercial rabbit pellet and 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mL of juice per kg of rabbit daily (normocholesterolemic groups) for 90 days. The thoracic and abdominal aorta between the heart origin and bifurcation into iliac arteries of all the rabbits were carefully removed and analyzed accordingly. The supplementation ...
The intestinal parasitic infections are usually caused by helminths and protozoa that can lead to... more The intestinal parasitic infections are usually caused by helminths and protozoa that can lead to the public health problem such as acute and chronic diarrhea, dehydration and abdominal pain. Common factors that cause intestinal parasitic infection among school children are poor hygiene habits, overcrowding, drinking unsafe water and poor immnunity. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the presence of the protozoa and helminths among school children aged 10 years old from four different schools in Kuantan, Pahang. The informed consent form is given to parents before conducting this research. Only 62 school children were willing to participate in this study. The collected stool specimens were examined microscopically by direct smear for detecting the presence of helminths. Trichrome staining and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining were performed to identify the presence of cysts and oocysts.
Trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan parasite is commonly found in the genitourinary tr... more Trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan parasite is commonly found in the genitourinary tract. Binary fission is the only plausible mode of reproduction shown thus far but this does not account for the rapid growth rates seen in in vitro cultures within a short period of time. We have previously shown ultrastructural evidence of another asexual mode of reproduction other than binary fission seen in Trichmonas vaginalis. The present study compares the number of multi-nucleated forms isolated from cervical neoplasia (CN) and non-cervical neoplasia (NCN) patients. The present study highlights the detailed characterization of the morphological aspects of 4 CN and 4 NCN isolates by using fixed staining and fluorescent staining of nuclear content. A sequential transformation highlighting nuclear division leading to the formation of multi-nucleated parasite is shown. We observe that this mode of reproduction is not commonly seen and postulate that it could be triggered to increase progeny formation due to stress. These forms were viable when tested with trypan blue dye test. The study confirms that the parasite divides by an asexual mode of reproduction other than binary fission and the parasites isolated from cervical neoplasia showing larger numbers of nuclei accounting for higher parasite numbers in cultures.
Purpose: This study predicted three-dimensional (3D) protein structure of Cryptosporidium parvum ... more Purpose: This study predicted three-dimensional (3D) protein structure of Cryptosporidium parvum subtilisin-like serine protease (CpSUB) using homology modelling as the approach of 3D structure prediction. Methods: CpSUB is an extracellular protein comprising of 1324 amino acid residues. Its amino acid sequence was computed to determine the physiochemical properties. 3D protein structure was developed by using MODELLER v9.18 software before subjected to model refinement and assessment. The refined model was then computed for functional annotation. Quality assessment analysis of the protein model for CpSUB through its PROCHECK Ramachandran Plot and other reliable protein structure assessment tools indicated that the selected protein model is a reliable model. Result: The result from functional annotation revealed that it is sorted to cd07473 superfamily or peptidase S8 family domain in subtilisin-like proteins. To our best knowledge, this protein model of CpSUB was first proposed for...
This study was conducted to identify the presence of Cryptosporidium isolated from goats under di... more This study was conducted to identify the presence of Cryptosporidium isolated from goats under different farming systems in Terengganu. A total of 200 fecal samples were randomly collected from goats in three farms (intensive, semi-intensive and extensive system). The samples were processed by using formol-ether concentration technique. Permanent stained slides were prepared using Modified Ziehl Neelsen stain. Out of 200 goats, 98 (49%) were found to be infected with Cryptosporidium. Goats reared under the extensive farm management system showed the highest prevalence of infection (56.7%), followed by the semi-intensive farm management system (51.4%) and the lowest prevalence was reported in the goats reared under the intensive farm management system (40%). The findings showed that goats reared under intensive system were less susceptible to cryptosporidiosis.
Clay minerals are used for therapeutic purposes, with a beneficial effect on health especially in... more Clay minerals are used for therapeutic purposes, with a beneficial effect on health especially in pharmaceutical formulations in the form of administered topically such as for dermatological protectors, cosmetics due to its high specific area and absorption capacity. It is commonly used for aesthetic medicine due to its cation exchange capacity, cooling index and useful for treating dermatological diseases,pain alleviation of chronic rheumatic inflammations, clean, moisturise skin, combat compact lipodystrophies, acne and cellulite. Currently, many scholars tried to achieve understanding of the Hadith scriptures on the subject in the advent of modern science, but normally misleading interpretation happened due to some researchers did not follow the flow of hadith science (ulum al-hadith) methodology by which to correlate ahadith with recent scientific findings. Some of the Hadith texts are still beyond explanation, awaiting further scientific advancements in order to avoid of misint...
Parasitic infection is one of major public health problems especially in developing countries. Cr... more Parasitic infection is one of major public health problems especially in developing countries. Cryptosporidium is one of the common human parasites that cause waterborne disease outbreak in industrialized countries. In this present study, we aimed to determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and to determine whether a statistical association existed between the occurrences and physical parameters in water samples from selected recreational lakes in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Samples were collected from three stations of Lake TG and Lake TB for three consecutive months, from November 2014 to January 2015. The samples were processed to detect the presence of the waterborne protozoa using flat-bed membrane filtration technique. Between the two lakes, the occurrence of Cryptosporidium was higher in Lake TB (0.66 oocysts/L) as compared to Lake TG (0.53 oocysts/L). For monthly occurrence trend for both lakes, the number of Cryptosporidium oocysts present was highest in November, followe...
Bagirsak helmintleri ve bagirsak protozoon enfeksiyonlari, bugun dunyadaki gencler ve yetiskinler... more Bagirsak helmintleri ve bagirsak protozoon enfeksiyonlari, bugun dunyadaki gencler ve yetiskinler arasindaki hastaliklarin onde gelen nedenlerinden biridir. Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides) ve Trichuris trichiura (T. trichiura), ozellikle cocuklar arasinda enfekte olan en yaygin bagirsak helmintleridir. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum ve Blastocystis hominis gibi insanlar uzerinde etkili olan cesitli bagirsak protozoonlari enfekte kisinin diskilarindan bulasmaktadir. Bu kesitsel arastirma Kuantan, Pahang, Malezya'da yapilmistir. Bu anket Kuantan, Pahang, Malezya'da kentsel ve kirsal bolgelerdeki okul cocuklarinin ebeveyinlerinden toplanmistir. Calismaya katilan okul cagi cocuklari ebeveyni olan 136 kisi kentsel ve cevresel ilkogretim okullarindan rastgele secilmistir. Kentsel ilkokul (UPS)’yi "Sekolah Kebangsaan U" ya da "Sekolah Kebangsaan U" dan 68 kisi, kentsel alanlardaki okul cocuklarinin ebeveynlerini temsil etme...
The present study was performed as a preliminary study to determine the occurrence of gastrointes... more The present study was performed as a preliminary study to determine the occurrence of gastrointestinal nematodes in two farms, Farm A and Farm B farm which both are located in Kuantan, Pahang. Present study also aims to identify the main genus of nematodes that predominantly infecting the goats as well as to identify the animal management systems as the possible factors of nematodes infections in the goats raised in the two farms. Methodology and results: Faecal samples were collected per rectum from 42 goats of both farms. Formal ether concentration technique and trichrome staining were performed to detect eggs of the nematodes under light microscope. Present result showed that there was occurrence of nematodes in goats reared in both farms. Present finding found that there was a significant difference (p= 0.014, p-value <0.05) in the occurrence of nematodes infections in goats from Farm A and Farm B whereby Farm A recorded higher occurrence (47.6%) as compared to Farm B (7.2%)....
The success of goat management in terms of milk and meat production relied on the types of feedin... more The success of goat management in terms of milk and meat production relied on the types of feeding materials. The use of imported crops is more common, leading to the stagnation and underutilization in the availability of local crops. In this study, local crops feeding regime or new feeding regime was formulated to compare with the existence imported crops feeding regime or old feeding regime used by the goat farmer. Goats’ body weight gain and daily milk yield were measured as indicators of the feed formulation efficacy and goats’ performance. A total of twenty adult female Saneen goats with body weight approximately 30-35 kg were fed with two different feed formulations for six months. The goats were fed with imported feeding regime (Diet 1) for the first three months and continued with local crops feeding regime (Diet 2) for the next three months. Body weight and daily milk production was measured on Day 7, 14, 21 and 28 of every month. The goats fed with Diet 2 showed higher bod...
Cryptosporidium is one of waterborne pathogens causing gastrointestinal illness in humans and ani... more Cryptosporidium is one of waterborne pathogens causing gastrointestinal illness in humans and animals. In Malaysia, Cryptosporidium related diseases is seemingly neglected and under reported especially at the East Coast region. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim to provide new information on the occurrence of the Cryptosporidium and its physical assessments in two selected rivers, Balok River and Kuantan River located in Kuantan City, Pahang, Malaysia. Water samples were collected from the downstream of Balok River and Kuantan River for three consecutive months which is known as monsoon season starting from November 2014 until January 2015. The water samples were filtered using flat-bed filtration membrane and immunomagnetic separation methods to detect the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Physical parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature and turbidity were measured in situ using hydrolab quanta. The results showed that the occurrence of Cryptospor...
The intestinal parasitic infections are usually caused by helminths and protozoa that can lead to... more The intestinal parasitic infections are usually caused by helminths and protozoa that can lead to the public health problem such as acute and chronic diarrhea, dehydration and abdominal pain. Common factors that cause intestinal parasitic infection among school children are poor hygiene habits, overcrowding, drinking unsafe water and poor immnunity. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the presence of the protozoa and helminths among school children aged 10 years old from four different schools in Kuantan, Pahang. The informed consent form is given to parents before conducting this research. Only 62 school children were willing to participate in this study. The collected stool specimens were examined microscopically by direct smear for detecting the presence of helminths. Trichrome staining and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining were performed to identify the presence of cysts and oocysts.
Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite can cause cryptosporidiosis which is a gastrointestinal dis... more Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite can cause cryptosporidiosis which is a gastrointestinal disease that can infect human and livestock. Therefore, the study attempts to find the occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in a commercial farm located in Kuantan, Pahang. A total of 151 faecal samples from cattle were collected. The samples were processed by using formol-ether concentration technique and stained by modified Ziehl-Neelsen. The result showed that 15.9% (24/151) cattle were positive for Cryptosporidium infection. The findings of this study suggested that proper hygiene practices must be applied in the farm to reduce the Cryptosporidium infection among cattle.
Livestock is a group of domesticated animal that is reared in an agricultural setting. It usually... more Livestock is a group of domesticated animal that is reared in an agricultural setting. It usually served as a source of income for most peoples in Malaysia. However, the productions of this livestock especially goats have been decreasing due to the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths infection. The aim of this study was to identify the presence and species of gastrointestinal helminths from 120 fecal samples collected directly from the rectum of goats from a farm located in Kuantan, Pahang. Firstly, the physical observation was evaluated on all goats. Then, their fecal sample was examined within 96 hours using Formal-ether Sedimentation method for the morphological characteristics identification of gastrointestinal helminthic species under the microscope. This study has identified the majority of goats with a good physical condition, that they have no sign of blood loss and have appropriate body frame. However, the microscopic identification has revealed 89 from the total sampl...
Cryptosporidium infection is a major problem in neonatal ruminants. Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic... more Cryptosporidium infection is a major problem in neonatal ruminants. Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic small protozoan parasite (4-6µm) that inhabit microvillus border of epithelium mucosal in many vertebrates including livestock. Cryptosporidium spp. is known as one of the most common water and foodborne diseases. It is a common cause diarrhea in human and animals. This review highlights the occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection livestock particularly in cattle, goats, sheep and buffaloes are explained in this review paper including the clinical and pathological features and the interaction of Cryptosporidium spp. with other enteropathogens. The information about the transmission, epidemiological factors of the infection and economic losses are also discussed in this paper. Cryptosporidium infection is a major problem in livestock as the infection causes neonatal diarrhea syndrome. Cryptosporidium infections in small ruminants may be a source for cryptosporidiosis in human. Since ther...
Atherosclerosis is the most common disease of large and medium-sized arteries linked to oxidative... more Atherosclerosis is the most common disease of large and medium-sized arteries linked to oxidative stress, dyslipidemia as well as chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential health benefits of Baccaurea angulata (BA) fruit juice on the aorta of diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits, to detect an accumulation of fatty streak and evaluate the percentage of atherosclerotic lesion accrued. Thirty-five healthy male adults New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to seven different groups. Four groups were fed 1% cholesterol diet and 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mL of BA fruit juice per kg of rabbit daily (atherogenic groups), while the other three groups were fed commercial rabbit pellet and 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mL of juice per kg of rabbit daily (normocholesterolemic groups) for 90 days. The thoracic and abdominal aorta between the heart origin and bifurcation into iliac arteries of all the rabbits were carefully removed and analyzed accordingly. The supplementation ...
Uploads
Papers by Afzan Mat Yusof