During their grow, coral skeletons reveal a pattern of alternating bands of high and low density ... more During their grow, coral skeletons reveal a pattern of alternating bands of high and low density with each year being represented by a pair of such bands. These annual density bands associated with the environmental changes of the ambient waters. In this study, we analyzed the annual linear growth rates of 5 colonies of Porites corals from Nusa Penida, Bali. These corals were X-rayed and analyzed for their annual linear growth rates using coral densitometry approach. The longest period of annual linear growth rates is 121 years (1892-2012) and obtained from coral sample NP4, while others (NP1, NP2, NP3, and NP5) have periods of 42, 64, 64, and 74 years, respectively. The average of annual linear growth rates from these colonies ranges from 8.9 to 10.0 mm/year over the past 42 years, where 3 colonies (NP1, NP2, and NP4) show an increasing trend and the rest of 2 colonies (NP3 and NP5) show a decreasing trend. Comparing the annual linear growth rates with sea surface temperature (SST)...
Pertumbuhan karang dapat diamati dari lapisan pertumbuhannya yang dapat merekam informasi perubah... more Pertumbuhan karang dapat diamati dari lapisan pertumbuhannya yang dapat merekam informasi perubahan lingkungan perairan secara kronologis. Untuk dapat mengetahui laju pertumbuhan tahunan karang di perairan Bunaken, Sulawesi Utara, telah diambil sampel karang Porites yang tumbuh pada kedalaman 6 m di Pulau Siladen Utara. Selanjutnya, untuk menghitung laju pertumbuhan tahunannya, sampel karang tersebut difoto sinar x dan kemudian hasilnya dihitung dengan menggunakan metode densitometri. Dari hasil perhitungan dapat diperoleh laju pertumbuhan tahunan karang selama 158 tahun, yaitu dari tahun 1854 hingga 2012, dimana karang cenderung mengalami kenaikan laju pertumbuhan, dengan rata-rata 10,18 mm/tahun. Hasil analisis korelasi antara laju pertumbuhan karang dengan suhu permukaan laut memberikan nilai korelasi yang relatif kecil, yaitu R=0,19. Coral growth can be observed from growth layers that can record changes in water environment information in chronological order. To be able to dete...
Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 2003
ABSTRACT We report the successful growth of Ga-polar GaN epilayers on O-polar ZnO templates pre-d... more ABSTRACT We report the successful growth of Ga-polar GaN epilayers on O-polar ZnO templates pre-deposited on c-sapphire. Prior to GaN growth, NH3 is exposed onto the ZnO template. The polarity of the GaN layers is confirmed by etching of the surface and by conversion beam electron diffraction (CBED), while the O-polar ZnO is confirmed by CBED. It is suggested that the NH3 pre-exposure helps form a Zn3N2 layer, which possesses inversion symmetry and inverts the crystal from anion polar to cation polar.
We report on GaN growth on Zn-polar ZnO substrates using plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (... more We report on GaN growth on Zn-polar ZnO substrates using plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (P-MBE). Before GaN growth, ZnO substrate annealing conditions were optimized. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns after low-...
We investigated the optical properties and electrical properties of N-doped ZnO layers grown on (... more We investigated the optical properties and electrical properties of N-doped ZnO layers grown on (0001) GaN/Al2O3 substrates by molecular beam epitaxy, employing 10 K photoluminescence (PL) measurements, current–voltage (IV) measurements, capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements, and 100 K photocapacitance (PHCAP) measurements. 10 K PL spectra showed that excitonic emission is dominant in N-doped ZnO layers grown after O-plasma exposure, while overall PL
... Hiroki Goto Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , a , ... more ... Hiroki Goto Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , a , Hisao Makino b , Agus Setiawan a , Takuma Suzuki a , Chihiro Harada a , Tsutomu Minegishi a ... 8. DC Reynolds, DC Look, B. Jogai, CW Litton, TC Collins, W. Harsch and G. Cantwell. ...
Wasiat wajibah adalah wasiat yang diberikan kepada orang tua dan kerabat dekat yang tidak mendapa... more Wasiat wajibah adalah wasiat yang diberikan kepada orang tua dan kerabat dekat yang tidak mendapatkan bagian harta peninggalan pewaris, baik karena termasuk dzawil ahram, mahjub maupun mahrom yang orang tuanya adalah orang yang berhak menerima ...
During their grow, coral skeletons reveal a pattern of alternating bands of high and low density ... more During their grow, coral skeletons reveal a pattern of alternating bands of high and low density with each year being represented by a pair of such bands. These annual density bands associated with the environmental changes of the ambient waters. In this study, we analyzed the annual linear growth rates of 5 colonies of Porites corals from Nusa Penida, Bali. These corals were X-rayed and analyzed for their annual linear growth rates using coral densitometry approach. The longest period of annual linear growth rates is 121 years (1892-2012) and obtained from coral sample NP4, while others (NP1, NP2, NP3, and NP5) have periods of 42, 64, 64, and 74 years, respectively. The average of annual linear growth rates from these colonies ranges from 8.9 to 10.0 mm/year over the past 42 years, where 3 colonies (NP1, NP2, and NP4) show an increasing trend and the rest of 2 colonies (NP3 and NP5) show a decreasing trend. Comparing the annual linear growth rates with sea surface temperature (SST)...
Pertumbuhan karang dapat diamati dari lapisan pertumbuhannya yang dapat merekam informasi perubah... more Pertumbuhan karang dapat diamati dari lapisan pertumbuhannya yang dapat merekam informasi perubahan lingkungan perairan secara kronologis. Untuk dapat mengetahui laju pertumbuhan tahunan karang di perairan Bunaken, Sulawesi Utara, telah diambil sampel karang Porites yang tumbuh pada kedalaman 6 m di Pulau Siladen Utara. Selanjutnya, untuk menghitung laju pertumbuhan tahunannya, sampel karang tersebut difoto sinar x dan kemudian hasilnya dihitung dengan menggunakan metode densitometri. Dari hasil perhitungan dapat diperoleh laju pertumbuhan tahunan karang selama 158 tahun, yaitu dari tahun 1854 hingga 2012, dimana karang cenderung mengalami kenaikan laju pertumbuhan, dengan rata-rata 10,18 mm/tahun. Hasil analisis korelasi antara laju pertumbuhan karang dengan suhu permukaan laut memberikan nilai korelasi yang relatif kecil, yaitu R=0,19. Coral growth can be observed from growth layers that can record changes in water environment information in chronological order. To be able to dete...
Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 2003
ABSTRACT We report the successful growth of Ga-polar GaN epilayers on O-polar ZnO templates pre-d... more ABSTRACT We report the successful growth of Ga-polar GaN epilayers on O-polar ZnO templates pre-deposited on c-sapphire. Prior to GaN growth, NH3 is exposed onto the ZnO template. The polarity of the GaN layers is confirmed by etching of the surface and by conversion beam electron diffraction (CBED), while the O-polar ZnO is confirmed by CBED. It is suggested that the NH3 pre-exposure helps form a Zn3N2 layer, which possesses inversion symmetry and inverts the crystal from anion polar to cation polar.
We report on GaN growth on Zn-polar ZnO substrates using plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (... more We report on GaN growth on Zn-polar ZnO substrates using plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (P-MBE). Before GaN growth, ZnO substrate annealing conditions were optimized. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns after low-...
We investigated the optical properties and electrical properties of N-doped ZnO layers grown on (... more We investigated the optical properties and electrical properties of N-doped ZnO layers grown on (0001) GaN/Al2O3 substrates by molecular beam epitaxy, employing 10 K photoluminescence (PL) measurements, current–voltage (IV) measurements, capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements, and 100 K photocapacitance (PHCAP) measurements. 10 K PL spectra showed that excitonic emission is dominant in N-doped ZnO layers grown after O-plasma exposure, while overall PL
... Hiroki Goto Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , a , ... more ... Hiroki Goto Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , a , Hisao Makino b , Agus Setiawan a , Takuma Suzuki a , Chihiro Harada a , Tsutomu Minegishi a ... 8. DC Reynolds, DC Look, B. Jogai, CW Litton, TC Collins, W. Harsch and G. Cantwell. ...
Wasiat wajibah adalah wasiat yang diberikan kepada orang tua dan kerabat dekat yang tidak mendapa... more Wasiat wajibah adalah wasiat yang diberikan kepada orang tua dan kerabat dekat yang tidak mendapatkan bagian harta peninggalan pewaris, baik karena termasuk dzawil ahram, mahjub maupun mahrom yang orang tuanya adalah orang yang berhak menerima ...
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