Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
Polyethylene oxide (PEO) incorporated with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was prepared using the ... more Polyethylene oxide (PEO) incorporated with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was prepared using the solution casting technique forming PEO/KMnO4 complex composite films. The physicochemical properties, doping mechanism, and electron transition bands of PEO/KMnO4 were investigated. Introducing KMnO4 PEO matrix led to a decrease in crystallinity degree and optical bandgap energy due to the creation of polarons and bipolarons that form new energy levels in the bandgap between the HOMO and LUMO; in addition, to form of a new transition band appears at about 380 nm is attributed to the $$n{-}{\pi }^{*}$$ n - π ∗ electronic transitions are generated due to the unsaturated center of the molecules. The existence of KMnO4 in the polymer matrix leads to the blocking of light in the 250–400 nm range. Consequently, PEO/KMnO4 complex composite films could be used as UV-light shielding filters. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of the PEO/KMnO4 complex composite films increases as KMnO4 conce...
The effect of hydrogen and nitrogen impurities on the physical properties of transparent conducti... more The effect of hydrogen and nitrogen impurities on the physical properties of transparent conductive oxides is investigated in this study. Therefore, 5 wt.% of copper and 5 wt.% of nickel co-doped zinc oxide ((Cu–Ni)/ZnO) films were prepared using the sol–gel method. The (Cu–Ni)/ZnO films were annealed in an oven at 500 °C for 2 h under air, vacuum, nitrogen, and argon atmospheres. The synthesized zinc hydroxide film was transformed to zinc oxide film during the annealing by evaporating $${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$$ H 2 O . Films annealed under the mentioned atmosphere including as-prepared one were characterized by analyzing with UV–Vis and FTIR spectra in addition to the 2D mapping electrical conductivity of the surface measured by the 4-point probe. The annealed films under air, vacuum, and argon atmospheres led to generate H-related impurities bounded to the oxygen vacancy ($${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{O}}$$ H O ) which they act as shallow donor defects resulting in forming (Cu–Ni)/Z...
Synthesis, optical, mechanical, and structural characterization of organic–inorganic nanocomposit... more Synthesis, optical, mechanical, and structural characterization of organic–inorganic nanocomposite thin films based on polyethylene oxide and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymers incorporated with (1:0), (0.75:0.25), (0.5:0.5), (0.25:0.75), and (0:1) content percentage ratios of ZnO-NPs: Al2O3-NPs nanoparticles are reported. The optical properties, including the absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric function, and optical band gap for the films, are investigated from the measured transmittance and reflectance using a newly derived mathematical model. The as-grown PVA-PEO polymeric thin films exhibit transmittance of 87% while it decreases down to 75% with ZnO-NPs and decreases in between by the addition of Al2O3-NPs. However, the refractive index increases from 2.0 with ZnO-NPs to 2.7 with Al2O3-NPs. The band gap energy is from 3.98 to 3.89 eV accordingly. The dislocation density,\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$,$$\end{document} crystallite size, and average internal strain obtained from the X-ray diffraction patterns exhibit abnormal behavior for equal ratio (0.5:0.5) of the two types of NPs compared with other ratios. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements to elucidate the major vibrational modes and bonding in the nanocomposite thin films. A redshift of the major peaks has been observed for all investigated compositional ratios indicating a shift of the absorption edge confirming the band gap reduction. The SEM micrographs show a clear form of nanocomposites with PVA-PEO/ZnO-NPs compared to those when Al2O3-NPs or a combination of the two kinds of NPs are introduced to the complex matrix. Our detailed analysis of the physical properties of PVA-PEO/ZnO-Al2O3 indicates their potential to be candidate materials for modern optical and optoelectronic devices.
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2022
PMMA polymer doped by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has attracted much attention as prom... more PMMA polymer doped by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has attracted much attention as promising materials for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. The undoped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and PMMA/MWCNTs nanocomposite films doped with varying concentrations of Zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) are synthesized using the casting method. It is found that the transmittance (T%\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T\%$$\end{document}) decreases significantly as wt% = 5% of MWCNTs is injected into PMMA matrix. In addition, increasing the concentration of ZrO2 NPs into PMMA- MWCNTs nanocomposite thin films results in a further reduction of the transmittance and a further increase of the reflectance (R%\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R\%$$\end{document}). The optical band gap energy (Eg) of PMMA-MWCNTs/ZrO2 NPs decreases from 4.063 eV\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$eV$$\end{document} to 3.845 eV\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$eV$$\end{document} upon injection of 5% of MWCNTs and gradually increasing the ZrO2 concentration in PMMA matrix. Furthermore, other essential optical parameters are estimated using different classical models such as Drude, Spitzer-Fan, Sellmeier, and Wemple–DiDomenico (WDD). Interestingly, thermal stability of PMMA-MWCNTs nanocomposite films is enhanced dramatically upon increasing the content of ZrO2 NPs. The synthesized nanocomposite thin films could be potential candidates for fabrication realistic scaled optoelectronic devices.
We report the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/polyv... more We report the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) polymeric blend doped with different concentrations of Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs). The PMMA–PVA/CuO nanocomposite hybrid thin films containing wt.% = 0%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% of CuO NPs are deposited on glass substrates via dip-coating technique. Key optical parameters are measured, analyzed, and interpreted. Tauc, Urbach, Spitzer–Fan, and Drude models are employed to calculate the optical bandgap energy (Eg) and the optoelectronic parameters of PMMA–PVA/CuO nanocomposites. The refractive index and Eg of undoped PMMA–PVA are found to be (1.5–1.85) and 4.101 eV, respectively. Incorporation of specific concentrations of CuO NPs into PMMA–PVA blend leads to a considerable decrease in Eg and to an increase of the refractive index. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) transmittance spectra are measured and analyzed for undoped and doped polymer...
Sol-gel technique is used to synthesize as-grown zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron-nickel (Fe-Ni) co-dope... more Sol-gel technique is used to synthesize as-grown zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron-nickel (Fe-Ni) co-doped ZnO thin films deposited on glass substrates using dip coating technique. The structural properties and crystal imperfections of as-prepared thin films are investigated. We performed the structural analysis of films using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD analysis reveal that the as-prepared films exhibit wurtzite structure. Furthermore, XRD-line profile analysis is performed to study the correlation between structural properties and imperfections of the nanocomposite thin films. The crystallite size and microstrains parameters are predicted using the Williamson–Hall method. We found that the crystallites size increases as the co-doped (Fe-Ni) concentration is increased. However, microstrains of the nanocomposite films decreases as (Fe-Ni) concentration is increased. The optical properties of the (Fe-Ni) co-doped nanocomposite films are investigated by performing UV-Vis (250 nm–700 nm) ...
The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2006
... principles A. Alsaad a and A. Ahmad Department of Physical Sciences, Jordan University of Sci... more ... principles A. Alsaad a and A. Ahmad Department of Physical Sciences, Jordan University of Science & Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan ... Page 3. A. Alsaad and A. Ahmad: Piezoelectricity of ordered (ScxGa1−xN) alloys from first principles 153 Fig. ...
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
Polyethylene oxide (PEO) incorporated with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was prepared using the ... more Polyethylene oxide (PEO) incorporated with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was prepared using the solution casting technique forming PEO/KMnO4 complex composite films. The physicochemical properties, doping mechanism, and electron transition bands of PEO/KMnO4 were investigated. Introducing KMnO4 PEO matrix led to a decrease in crystallinity degree and optical bandgap energy due to the creation of polarons and bipolarons that form new energy levels in the bandgap between the HOMO and LUMO; in addition, to form of a new transition band appears at about 380 nm is attributed to the $$n{-}{\pi }^{*}$$ n - π ∗ electronic transitions are generated due to the unsaturated center of the molecules. The existence of KMnO4 in the polymer matrix leads to the blocking of light in the 250–400 nm range. Consequently, PEO/KMnO4 complex composite films could be used as UV-light shielding filters. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of the PEO/KMnO4 complex composite films increases as KMnO4 conce...
The effect of hydrogen and nitrogen impurities on the physical properties of transparent conducti... more The effect of hydrogen and nitrogen impurities on the physical properties of transparent conductive oxides is investigated in this study. Therefore, 5 wt.% of copper and 5 wt.% of nickel co-doped zinc oxide ((Cu–Ni)/ZnO) films were prepared using the sol–gel method. The (Cu–Ni)/ZnO films were annealed in an oven at 500 °C for 2 h under air, vacuum, nitrogen, and argon atmospheres. The synthesized zinc hydroxide film was transformed to zinc oxide film during the annealing by evaporating $${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$$ H 2 O . Films annealed under the mentioned atmosphere including as-prepared one were characterized by analyzing with UV–Vis and FTIR spectra in addition to the 2D mapping electrical conductivity of the surface measured by the 4-point probe. The annealed films under air, vacuum, and argon atmospheres led to generate H-related impurities bounded to the oxygen vacancy ($${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{O}}$$ H O ) which they act as shallow donor defects resulting in forming (Cu–Ni)/Z...
Synthesis, optical, mechanical, and structural characterization of organic–inorganic nanocomposit... more Synthesis, optical, mechanical, and structural characterization of organic–inorganic nanocomposite thin films based on polyethylene oxide and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymers incorporated with (1:0), (0.75:0.25), (0.5:0.5), (0.25:0.75), and (0:1) content percentage ratios of ZnO-NPs: Al2O3-NPs nanoparticles are reported. The optical properties, including the absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric function, and optical band gap for the films, are investigated from the measured transmittance and reflectance using a newly derived mathematical model. The as-grown PVA-PEO polymeric thin films exhibit transmittance of 87% while it decreases down to 75% with ZnO-NPs and decreases in between by the addition of Al2O3-NPs. However, the refractive index increases from 2.0 with ZnO-NPs to 2.7 with Al2O3-NPs. The band gap energy is from 3.98 to 3.89 eV accordingly. The dislocation density,\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$,$$\end{document} crystallite size, and average internal strain obtained from the X-ray diffraction patterns exhibit abnormal behavior for equal ratio (0.5:0.5) of the two types of NPs compared with other ratios. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements to elucidate the major vibrational modes and bonding in the nanocomposite thin films. A redshift of the major peaks has been observed for all investigated compositional ratios indicating a shift of the absorption edge confirming the band gap reduction. The SEM micrographs show a clear form of nanocomposites with PVA-PEO/ZnO-NPs compared to those when Al2O3-NPs or a combination of the two kinds of NPs are introduced to the complex matrix. Our detailed analysis of the physical properties of PVA-PEO/ZnO-Al2O3 indicates their potential to be candidate materials for modern optical and optoelectronic devices.
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2022
PMMA polymer doped by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has attracted much attention as prom... more PMMA polymer doped by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has attracted much attention as promising materials for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. The undoped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and PMMA/MWCNTs nanocomposite films doped with varying concentrations of Zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) are synthesized using the casting method. It is found that the transmittance (T%\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T\%$$\end{document}) decreases significantly as wt% = 5% of MWCNTs is injected into PMMA matrix. In addition, increasing the concentration of ZrO2 NPs into PMMA- MWCNTs nanocomposite thin films results in a further reduction of the transmittance and a further increase of the reflectance (R%\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R\%$$\end{document}). The optical band gap energy (Eg) of PMMA-MWCNTs/ZrO2 NPs decreases from 4.063 eV\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$eV$$\end{document} to 3.845 eV\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$eV$$\end{document} upon injection of 5% of MWCNTs and gradually increasing the ZrO2 concentration in PMMA matrix. Furthermore, other essential optical parameters are estimated using different classical models such as Drude, Spitzer-Fan, Sellmeier, and Wemple–DiDomenico (WDD). Interestingly, thermal stability of PMMA-MWCNTs nanocomposite films is enhanced dramatically upon increasing the content of ZrO2 NPs. The synthesized nanocomposite thin films could be potential candidates for fabrication realistic scaled optoelectronic devices.
We report the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/polyv... more We report the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA) polymeric blend doped with different concentrations of Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs). The PMMA–PVA/CuO nanocomposite hybrid thin films containing wt.% = 0%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% of CuO NPs are deposited on glass substrates via dip-coating technique. Key optical parameters are measured, analyzed, and interpreted. Tauc, Urbach, Spitzer–Fan, and Drude models are employed to calculate the optical bandgap energy (Eg) and the optoelectronic parameters of PMMA–PVA/CuO nanocomposites. The refractive index and Eg of undoped PMMA–PVA are found to be (1.5–1.85) and 4.101 eV, respectively. Incorporation of specific concentrations of CuO NPs into PMMA–PVA blend leads to a considerable decrease in Eg and to an increase of the refractive index. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) transmittance spectra are measured and analyzed for undoped and doped polymer...
Sol-gel technique is used to synthesize as-grown zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron-nickel (Fe-Ni) co-dope... more Sol-gel technique is used to synthesize as-grown zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron-nickel (Fe-Ni) co-doped ZnO thin films deposited on glass substrates using dip coating technique. The structural properties and crystal imperfections of as-prepared thin films are investigated. We performed the structural analysis of films using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD analysis reveal that the as-prepared films exhibit wurtzite structure. Furthermore, XRD-line profile analysis is performed to study the correlation between structural properties and imperfections of the nanocomposite thin films. The crystallite size and microstrains parameters are predicted using the Williamson–Hall method. We found that the crystallites size increases as the co-doped (Fe-Ni) concentration is increased. However, microstrains of the nanocomposite films decreases as (Fe-Ni) concentration is increased. The optical properties of the (Fe-Ni) co-doped nanocomposite films are investigated by performing UV-Vis (250 nm–700 nm) ...
The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2006
... principles A. Alsaad a and A. Ahmad Department of Physical Sciences, Jordan University of Sci... more ... principles A. Alsaad a and A. Ahmad Department of Physical Sciences, Jordan University of Science & Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan ... Page 3. A. Alsaad and A. Ahmad: Piezoelectricity of ordered (ScxGa1−xN) alloys from first principles 153 Fig. ...
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