This study presents a new methodology to evaluate long-term sustainable development of photovolta... more This study presents a new methodology to evaluate long-term sustainable development of photovoltaic power plants and other energy sources. There is lack of energy models that take socio-environmental issues into consideration before decision making in energy planning and that are robust enough to support the lack of data. The methodology presented in this study fills this gap. As case study, the methodology was applied in Kano State – Nigeria, to evaluate the potentials of PV development in the next 15 years in two scenarios: baseline scenario and sustainable scenario. A total of 1975 PV power plants, totalizing 12.8 GWp in sustainable scenario and a total of 42 power plants, totaling 0.27 GWp in baseline scenario were calculated/obtained. The study also discusses the robustness of the methodology due to the lack of data and presents policy recommendations for the development of photovoltaic in the country.
The objective of this work is to evaluate the potential availability of primary energy from wind ... more The objective of this work is to evaluate the potential availability of primary energy from wind and sun contained in an air Basin aiming at generating electricity by conventional technologies. Methodologically, the systematic behavior of the wind and the incidence of the Sun is set, through anemometric and solarimetric data in loco using two Anemometric Station measuring 100 and 150 m and one Solarimetric Station. The results show that the local wind profile varies: (i) throughout the year, with the highest velocities and, in turn, potential energy available during the winter months; and (ii) throughout the day with mean velocities greater during night periods than daytime, 5.4 and 6.3 m/s, respectively. The solar resource also features interannual variation and its conversion into energy depends on the type of technology employed considering that the thin-film technology offers better performance during the months of spring and summer and monocrystalline technology (m-Si) in the w...
CIRED 2021 - The 26th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution, 2021
This paper presents the design of an energy-efficient and self-sufficient residential building fo... more This paper presents the design of an energy-efficient and self-sufficient residential building for the typical weather in Nigeria and by extension sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), considering aerogel material and photovoltaic power generation. Firstly, a typical residential building design of the selected region is modelled using aerogel material to minimize the energy consumption of the building while also improving its thermal comfort. Then, an isolated photovoltaic system, with an optimally sized battery energy storage system (BESS), is incorporated to make the building energy self-sufficient. The proposal aims at tackling the extreme weather condition and the recurrent power outage of the region. The outcome of the designed system shows that the use of aerogel insulation material attained a 6% reduction in the recorded mean air and operative temperatures while also maintaining acceptable range of humidity. The use of aerogel also reduces energy consumption in the building by 11.7%. Also, incorporating a PV system with an optimally sized BESS tackles power shortage issue effectively, making the building energy self-sufficient.
Despite progress in understanding diazotrophic distribution in surface soils, few studies have in... more Despite progress in understanding diazotrophic distribution in surface soils, few studies have investigated the distribution of diazotrophic bacteria in deeper soil layers. Here, we leveraged high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of nifH genes obtained to assess the influence of biochar amended soil (BC) and control (CK), and soil depths (0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm) on diazotrophic abundance and community structures, soil enzyme activities and physio-chemical properties. Multivariate ANOVA analysis revealed that soil depth had profound impact on majority of the soil parameters measured than fertilization. Although soil physio-chemical properties, enzymes activities, diazotrophic genera and enriched operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were significantly influenced across the entire soil profiles, we also observed that BC amended soil significantly increased cane stalk height and weight, nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), organic matter (OM), total carbon (TC) and available potassium (AK), and ...
In recent years, the overwhelming growth of solar photovoltaics (PV) energy generation as an alte... more In recent years, the overwhelming growth of solar photovoltaics (PV) energy generation as an alternative to conventional fossil fuel generation has encouraged the search for efficient and more reliable operation and maintenance practices, since PV systems require constant maintenance for consistent generation efficiency. One option, explored recently, is artificial intelligence (AI) to replace conventional maintenance strategies. The growing importance of AI in various real-life applications, especially in solar PV applications, cannot be over-emphasized. This study presents an extensive review of AI-based methods for fault detection and diagnosis in PV systems. It explores various fault types that are common in PV systems and various AI-based fault detection and diagnosis techniques proposed in the literature. Of note, there are currently fewer literatures in this area of PV application as compared to the other areas. This is due to the fact that the topic has just recently been ex...
2020 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition - Latin America (T&D LA), 2020
This paper presents the analysis of two BESS sizing methodology in solar PV systems, a proposed m... more This paper presents the analysis of two BESS sizing methodology in solar PV systems, a proposed methodology considering predicted hourly solar radiation data and the methodology recommended by panel manufacturers. In the proposed method, Solar radiation behavior is predicted by studying and processing historical hourly solar radiation data of a location in Brazil using Box-Jenkins method and autoregressive (AR) and time series models are used to generate hourly synthetic series. The generated series combined with hourly load demand and battery storage capacity are used in simulating a PV system and the BESS is sized considering energy deficit and supply interruption outcomes. Comparison is made between the result of the proposed methodology and that of panel manufacturers’ methodology considering two case studies. Results of the analysis showed that the proposed methodology is more adequate for BESS sizing. Probability analysis is also performed using multiple radiation scenarios of synthetic solar radiation data.
ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 2020
In this work, some full models that are mainly used for the control synthesis have been introduce... more In this work, some full models that are mainly used for the control synthesis have been introduced for vehicles moving at a curve on a rough surface. The safety performance of an autonomous vehicle based on the longitudinal, lateral and yaw dynamics were investigated. Moreover, steering and braking control under dangerous situations and yaw rate dynamics are of interest in this research. The dangerous situation was modelled as an external disturbance to the vehicle, and as such variations were investigated by the implementation of three controllers: LQR, H infinity – one degree and two-degree controllers. After analysis, H-infinity control approached was found to have the best solution for stability control of yaw vehicle dynamics.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari setiap variabel yang diteliti, ... more Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari setiap variabel yang diteliti, yakni antara Pengembangan Karir dan Self Efficacy terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan tetap PT. Huntsman Indonesia selama empat bulan yang berjumlah 90 orang. Teknik pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan sampel jenuh dengan sampel berjumlah 90 orang sebagai responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan pengukurannya menggunakan skala likert. Teknik pengolahan analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, uji kualitas data, analisis linier berganda, uji asumsi klasik, analisis koefisien korelasi, analisis koerfisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Kemudian data diproses menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan diolah menggunakan SPSS 23. Hasil penelitian dengan taraf signifikansi 5% menemukan bahwa: (1) Pengembangan Karir berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyaw...
This paper presents a two-step cost-based method of optimally sizing and selecting BESS in standa... more This paper presents a two-step cost-based method of optimally sizing and selecting BESS in standalone solar PV system applications considering predicted solar radiation data and economic performance (BESS cost analysis). The methodology is basically divided into two distinct parts; the first part is the sizing process and the second part is the selection process. In the first part, several BESS sizes suitable for a particular standalone PV system are determined using energy deficit and supply interruption outcomes of a PV system simulation with predicted hourly solar radiation series, hourly load demand and battery storage capacity as simulation parameters. In the second step, the economic performance of the determined BESS sizes is evaluated through a cost analysis process where two financial metrics; net present value (NPV) and payback period (PBP), are utilized. This step is necessary in order to ascertain the investment risks and benefits of the BESS sizes. To test its adequacy,...
The emergence of large amount of data requires an efficient means of processing and storage facil... more The emergence of large amount of data requires an efficient means of processing and storage facilities. Cloud computing provides an effective solution; MapReduce programming paradigm has the ability to handle such data by implementing Hadoop, but came up with some conflicting challenges in terms of Service Level Agreement (SLA) between major stakeholders. This paper focuses on coming up with a MapReduce model through system identification in order to address the requirement of the service time to meet-up the SLA within the limit of defined threshold in the presence of uncertainties in the system. A second order nonlinear model was obtained, which shows a good representation of the real system and could be used to develop control laws on the real system.
2019 2nd International Conference of the IEEE Nigeria Computer Chapter (NigeriaComputConf), 2019
This paper studies Quancer Magnetic levitation plant and proposed a robust control for the system... more This paper studies Quancer Magnetic levitation plant and proposed a robust control for the system using H-infinity approach. The performance and robustness of the proposed method was compared with the existing Proportional Integral Velocity (PIV) + Feed-forward (FF) control designed by the manufacturer. The performance analysis of the existing PIV+FF controller was made to build the desired specification template. A dynamic state feedback controller satisfying H-infinity performance, that is numerically solved using Riccati approach was designed. Simulation results obtained, shows superior robustness to uncertainties of the proposed control over the existing control with sufficient tracking performance.
This paper presents a methodology for optimal Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) sizing in phot... more This paper presents a methodology for optimal Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) sizing in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The method is based on an established mathematical relationship between generated energy, demand and storage, allowing one to determine energy deficit and supply interruption periods. Autoregressive and time series models were used to generate daily synthetic series data from a set of hourly estimated global irradiance for the city of Petrolina in Brazil. The proposed method facilitates the assessment of the performance of several possible BESS, indicate the risk of energy deficit and the possible frequency of energy interruption.
2021 14th IEEE International Conference on Industry Applications (INDUSCON), 2021
Generation of energy from renewable energy sources has been gaining momentum and popularity in re... more Generation of energy from renewable energy sources has been gaining momentum and popularity in recent years. This is owing to the global commitment to decelerate global warming, reduce greenhouse gas emission and avoid environmental pollution by cutting down fossil fuel-based generation to the barest minimum. Solar energy generation as an alternative is one of the most common renewable energy generation technologies in the world today. The technology however, has its setbacks and requires constant maintenance in order to maintain high generation efficiency and avoid faults and generation downtime. This study reviews the strategies and methods for mitigating the various faults associated with solar photovoltaic systems. It also attempts examining the effects of these strategies on the overall performance of photovoltaic systems.
International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review, 2019
The intensity of competition among contemporary Higher Education Institution (HEIs) has led to ma... more The intensity of competition among contemporary Higher Education Institution (HEIs) has led to many of such institutions to focus more on how to provide high quality education so as to attain a suitable position in the university world ranking by adopting a suitable performance management. This study aims to demonstrate how UUM implement and uses the BSC to enhance and improve its strategic plans by addressing the issues facing its strategic management process. This study employed a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected using interview and reviewing the university quarterly and annual reports, organizational structure and the university’s webpage as well as its news bulletins. Data were analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis. Consistent with Kaplan and Norton BSC model in public sector, findings indicates that the case institution implements the BSC ideology by adapting the concept such that it reflects the unique contextual needs of UUM. This study found that...
This study is aimed at examining the spatial distribution and locational implications of public c... more This study is aimed at examining the spatial distribution and locational implications of public conveniences in Kano metropolis. This research utilized mixed methods; where both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Both primary and secondary source of data were used in this study. The primary data were obtained from field measurementsile the secondary data were obtained from the Kano State Ministry of Environment, Kano State Urban Planning Development Authority (KNUPDA) as well as journals and previous theses. Materials used for this study include: Geo-positioning system (GPS) device (Garmin cx76 model) used for taking coordinates of the public conveniences (PCs). Computer software (Arc GIS 10.3) was also used in processing and analyzing of data generated from field. Availability sampling was used in administering questionnaires while purposive sampling was used for interview. The study find out that PCs are built rampantly without approval from appropriate government aut...
Amylases are group of enzymes produced by plants, animals and microorganisms, the enzyme has the ... more Amylases are group of enzymes produced by plants, animals and microorganisms, the enzyme has the ability to hydrolyze or degrade starch molecules into polymers containing units of glucose, thus, it is one of the most useful enzymes used by industries dependent on starch in their production processes. The enzyme has varying applications in food, fermentation, textile, pharmaceutical industries among others. Generally, amylase from microbial sources (i.e. fungal and bacterial origin) has over shadowed others in industrial usage. As such, this Paper aimed at reviewing amylase enzyme as a whole and some of its common industrial applications. The review visited the types of amylase based on hydrolases classification, its sources with emphasis to microorganisms, methods of production as well as effects of some chemical and physical parameters. The review also discusses some of the most common industrial application or uses of amylase enzyme in food, brewing, chemicals, paper, pharmaceutic...
This study presents a new methodology to evaluate long-term sustainable development of photovolta... more This study presents a new methodology to evaluate long-term sustainable development of photovoltaic power plants and other energy sources. There is lack of energy models that take socio-environmental issues into consideration before decision making in energy planning and that are robust enough to support the lack of data. The methodology presented in this study fills this gap. As case study, the methodology was applied in Kano State – Nigeria, to evaluate the potentials of PV development in the next 15 years in two scenarios: baseline scenario and sustainable scenario. A total of 1975 PV power plants, totalizing 12.8 GWp in sustainable scenario and a total of 42 power plants, totaling 0.27 GWp in baseline scenario were calculated/obtained. The study also discusses the robustness of the methodology due to the lack of data and presents policy recommendations for the development of photovoltaic in the country.
The objective of this work is to evaluate the potential availability of primary energy from wind ... more The objective of this work is to evaluate the potential availability of primary energy from wind and sun contained in an air Basin aiming at generating electricity by conventional technologies. Methodologically, the systematic behavior of the wind and the incidence of the Sun is set, through anemometric and solarimetric data in loco using two Anemometric Station measuring 100 and 150 m and one Solarimetric Station. The results show that the local wind profile varies: (i) throughout the year, with the highest velocities and, in turn, potential energy available during the winter months; and (ii) throughout the day with mean velocities greater during night periods than daytime, 5.4 and 6.3 m/s, respectively. The solar resource also features interannual variation and its conversion into energy depends on the type of technology employed considering that the thin-film technology offers better performance during the months of spring and summer and monocrystalline technology (m-Si) in the w...
CIRED 2021 - The 26th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution, 2021
This paper presents the design of an energy-efficient and self-sufficient residential building fo... more This paper presents the design of an energy-efficient and self-sufficient residential building for the typical weather in Nigeria and by extension sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), considering aerogel material and photovoltaic power generation. Firstly, a typical residential building design of the selected region is modelled using aerogel material to minimize the energy consumption of the building while also improving its thermal comfort. Then, an isolated photovoltaic system, with an optimally sized battery energy storage system (BESS), is incorporated to make the building energy self-sufficient. The proposal aims at tackling the extreme weather condition and the recurrent power outage of the region. The outcome of the designed system shows that the use of aerogel insulation material attained a 6% reduction in the recorded mean air and operative temperatures while also maintaining acceptable range of humidity. The use of aerogel also reduces energy consumption in the building by 11.7%. Also, incorporating a PV system with an optimally sized BESS tackles power shortage issue effectively, making the building energy self-sufficient.
Despite progress in understanding diazotrophic distribution in surface soils, few studies have in... more Despite progress in understanding diazotrophic distribution in surface soils, few studies have investigated the distribution of diazotrophic bacteria in deeper soil layers. Here, we leveraged high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of nifH genes obtained to assess the influence of biochar amended soil (BC) and control (CK), and soil depths (0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm) on diazotrophic abundance and community structures, soil enzyme activities and physio-chemical properties. Multivariate ANOVA analysis revealed that soil depth had profound impact on majority of the soil parameters measured than fertilization. Although soil physio-chemical properties, enzymes activities, diazotrophic genera and enriched operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were significantly influenced across the entire soil profiles, we also observed that BC amended soil significantly increased cane stalk height and weight, nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), organic matter (OM), total carbon (TC) and available potassium (AK), and ...
In recent years, the overwhelming growth of solar photovoltaics (PV) energy generation as an alte... more In recent years, the overwhelming growth of solar photovoltaics (PV) energy generation as an alternative to conventional fossil fuel generation has encouraged the search for efficient and more reliable operation and maintenance practices, since PV systems require constant maintenance for consistent generation efficiency. One option, explored recently, is artificial intelligence (AI) to replace conventional maintenance strategies. The growing importance of AI in various real-life applications, especially in solar PV applications, cannot be over-emphasized. This study presents an extensive review of AI-based methods for fault detection and diagnosis in PV systems. It explores various fault types that are common in PV systems and various AI-based fault detection and diagnosis techniques proposed in the literature. Of note, there are currently fewer literatures in this area of PV application as compared to the other areas. This is due to the fact that the topic has just recently been ex...
2020 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition - Latin America (T&D LA), 2020
This paper presents the analysis of two BESS sizing methodology in solar PV systems, a proposed m... more This paper presents the analysis of two BESS sizing methodology in solar PV systems, a proposed methodology considering predicted hourly solar radiation data and the methodology recommended by panel manufacturers. In the proposed method, Solar radiation behavior is predicted by studying and processing historical hourly solar radiation data of a location in Brazil using Box-Jenkins method and autoregressive (AR) and time series models are used to generate hourly synthetic series. The generated series combined with hourly load demand and battery storage capacity are used in simulating a PV system and the BESS is sized considering energy deficit and supply interruption outcomes. Comparison is made between the result of the proposed methodology and that of panel manufacturers’ methodology considering two case studies. Results of the analysis showed that the proposed methodology is more adequate for BESS sizing. Probability analysis is also performed using multiple radiation scenarios of synthetic solar radiation data.
ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 2020
In this work, some full models that are mainly used for the control synthesis have been introduce... more In this work, some full models that are mainly used for the control synthesis have been introduced for vehicles moving at a curve on a rough surface. The safety performance of an autonomous vehicle based on the longitudinal, lateral and yaw dynamics were investigated. Moreover, steering and braking control under dangerous situations and yaw rate dynamics are of interest in this research. The dangerous situation was modelled as an external disturbance to the vehicle, and as such variations were investigated by the implementation of three controllers: LQR, H infinity – one degree and two-degree controllers. After analysis, H-infinity control approached was found to have the best solution for stability control of yaw vehicle dynamics.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari setiap variabel yang diteliti, ... more Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari setiap variabel yang diteliti, yakni antara Pengembangan Karir dan Self Efficacy terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan tetap PT. Huntsman Indonesia selama empat bulan yang berjumlah 90 orang. Teknik pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan sampel jenuh dengan sampel berjumlah 90 orang sebagai responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan pengukurannya menggunakan skala likert. Teknik pengolahan analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, uji kualitas data, analisis linier berganda, uji asumsi klasik, analisis koefisien korelasi, analisis koerfisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Kemudian data diproses menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan diolah menggunakan SPSS 23. Hasil penelitian dengan taraf signifikansi 5% menemukan bahwa: (1) Pengembangan Karir berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyaw...
This paper presents a two-step cost-based method of optimally sizing and selecting BESS in standa... more This paper presents a two-step cost-based method of optimally sizing and selecting BESS in standalone solar PV system applications considering predicted solar radiation data and economic performance (BESS cost analysis). The methodology is basically divided into two distinct parts; the first part is the sizing process and the second part is the selection process. In the first part, several BESS sizes suitable for a particular standalone PV system are determined using energy deficit and supply interruption outcomes of a PV system simulation with predicted hourly solar radiation series, hourly load demand and battery storage capacity as simulation parameters. In the second step, the economic performance of the determined BESS sizes is evaluated through a cost analysis process where two financial metrics; net present value (NPV) and payback period (PBP), are utilized. This step is necessary in order to ascertain the investment risks and benefits of the BESS sizes. To test its adequacy,...
The emergence of large amount of data requires an efficient means of processing and storage facil... more The emergence of large amount of data requires an efficient means of processing and storage facilities. Cloud computing provides an effective solution; MapReduce programming paradigm has the ability to handle such data by implementing Hadoop, but came up with some conflicting challenges in terms of Service Level Agreement (SLA) between major stakeholders. This paper focuses on coming up with a MapReduce model through system identification in order to address the requirement of the service time to meet-up the SLA within the limit of defined threshold in the presence of uncertainties in the system. A second order nonlinear model was obtained, which shows a good representation of the real system and could be used to develop control laws on the real system.
2019 2nd International Conference of the IEEE Nigeria Computer Chapter (NigeriaComputConf), 2019
This paper studies Quancer Magnetic levitation plant and proposed a robust control for the system... more This paper studies Quancer Magnetic levitation plant and proposed a robust control for the system using H-infinity approach. The performance and robustness of the proposed method was compared with the existing Proportional Integral Velocity (PIV) + Feed-forward (FF) control designed by the manufacturer. The performance analysis of the existing PIV+FF controller was made to build the desired specification template. A dynamic state feedback controller satisfying H-infinity performance, that is numerically solved using Riccati approach was designed. Simulation results obtained, shows superior robustness to uncertainties of the proposed control over the existing control with sufficient tracking performance.
This paper presents a methodology for optimal Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) sizing in phot... more This paper presents a methodology for optimal Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) sizing in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The method is based on an established mathematical relationship between generated energy, demand and storage, allowing one to determine energy deficit and supply interruption periods. Autoregressive and time series models were used to generate daily synthetic series data from a set of hourly estimated global irradiance for the city of Petrolina in Brazil. The proposed method facilitates the assessment of the performance of several possible BESS, indicate the risk of energy deficit and the possible frequency of energy interruption.
2021 14th IEEE International Conference on Industry Applications (INDUSCON), 2021
Generation of energy from renewable energy sources has been gaining momentum and popularity in re... more Generation of energy from renewable energy sources has been gaining momentum and popularity in recent years. This is owing to the global commitment to decelerate global warming, reduce greenhouse gas emission and avoid environmental pollution by cutting down fossil fuel-based generation to the barest minimum. Solar energy generation as an alternative is one of the most common renewable energy generation technologies in the world today. The technology however, has its setbacks and requires constant maintenance in order to maintain high generation efficiency and avoid faults and generation downtime. This study reviews the strategies and methods for mitigating the various faults associated with solar photovoltaic systems. It also attempts examining the effects of these strategies on the overall performance of photovoltaic systems.
International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review, 2019
The intensity of competition among contemporary Higher Education Institution (HEIs) has led to ma... more The intensity of competition among contemporary Higher Education Institution (HEIs) has led to many of such institutions to focus more on how to provide high quality education so as to attain a suitable position in the university world ranking by adopting a suitable performance management. This study aims to demonstrate how UUM implement and uses the BSC to enhance and improve its strategic plans by addressing the issues facing its strategic management process. This study employed a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected using interview and reviewing the university quarterly and annual reports, organizational structure and the university’s webpage as well as its news bulletins. Data were analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis. Consistent with Kaplan and Norton BSC model in public sector, findings indicates that the case institution implements the BSC ideology by adapting the concept such that it reflects the unique contextual needs of UUM. This study found that...
This study is aimed at examining the spatial distribution and locational implications of public c... more This study is aimed at examining the spatial distribution and locational implications of public conveniences in Kano metropolis. This research utilized mixed methods; where both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Both primary and secondary source of data were used in this study. The primary data were obtained from field measurementsile the secondary data were obtained from the Kano State Ministry of Environment, Kano State Urban Planning Development Authority (KNUPDA) as well as journals and previous theses. Materials used for this study include: Geo-positioning system (GPS) device (Garmin cx76 model) used for taking coordinates of the public conveniences (PCs). Computer software (Arc GIS 10.3) was also used in processing and analyzing of data generated from field. Availability sampling was used in administering questionnaires while purposive sampling was used for interview. The study find out that PCs are built rampantly without approval from appropriate government aut...
Amylases are group of enzymes produced by plants, animals and microorganisms, the enzyme has the ... more Amylases are group of enzymes produced by plants, animals and microorganisms, the enzyme has the ability to hydrolyze or degrade starch molecules into polymers containing units of glucose, thus, it is one of the most useful enzymes used by industries dependent on starch in their production processes. The enzyme has varying applications in food, fermentation, textile, pharmaceutical industries among others. Generally, amylase from microbial sources (i.e. fungal and bacterial origin) has over shadowed others in industrial usage. As such, this Paper aimed at reviewing amylase enzyme as a whole and some of its common industrial applications. The review visited the types of amylase based on hydrolases classification, its sources with emphasis to microorganisms, methods of production as well as effects of some chemical and physical parameters. The review also discusses some of the most common industrial application or uses of amylase enzyme in food, brewing, chemicals, paper, pharmaceutic...
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Papers by Ahmad Abubakar