Reflectivity is the essence of quality teaching and learning. Reflective teachers understand the ... more Reflectivity is the essence of quality teaching and learning. Reflective teachers understand the issues of education and are better able to help their students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of teachers regarding the role of reflective practice in improving teachers’ classroom teaching skills. For data collection a close ended questionnaire was designed and administered to 150 teachers in 30 Community Based Schools in district Chitral, KPK Pakistan. These teachers were provided a six months rigorous training in reflective practice. After that they were allowed to teach in their respective fields in the sampled schools. After lapse of one month, they were provided with questionnaires as a part of follow up activity. Their perceptions are recorded and presented here in a descriptive form. Results of the study showed that teachers who were trained in reflective practice have found a big difference in their teaching skills. The sampled teachers are now abl...
The aim of the study was to evaluate a suitable combination of olive and apple pulp for the prepa... more The aim of the study was to evaluate a suitable combination of olive and apple pulp for the preparation of olive apple blended leather, stored at ambient temperature. The treatments were T0, T1, T2 and T3. The samples were wrapped in aluminum foil and then packed in polyethylene plastic bags and evaluation was carried out for a total period of 150 days. Physiochemically analysis; acidity and moisture and sensory character- istics; color, texture, taste and overall acceptability (using Larmond Scale) were evaluated at 30 days interval. A significant decrease was recorded in moisture (from 13.60% to 11.53%), color (from7.20 to 4.60), taste (from 7.53 to 5.40), texture (from 7.23 to 5.13) and overall acceptability (from 7.33 to 4.85). A significant increase was recorded in acidity (from 0.67% to 0.84%). Among all the treatments T 3 was found most accept- able both physiochemically and organoleptically.
This work is carried out investigate the effect of some chemical preservatives like (Potassium me... more This work is carried out investigate the effect of some chemical preservatives like (Potassium metabisulphite, citric acid, Potassium-sorbate and Sodium-benzoate) on physicochemical quality of black mulberry pulpy juice for the period of three months with 15 days interval. Acidity, pH, sugar/acid ratio, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar as well as organolyptically color, flavor and overall acceptability changes were monitored. Ascorbic acid, pH, sour acid ratio, non-reducing sugar, colour, flavor, and overall acceptability was declined from 25.21-9.69 mg/100g, 3.61-3.16, 12.60-8.78, 1.85-1.40%, 5.97- 4.10, 7.07-3.65, 7.22-3.23 respectively. While during the storage period TSS was increased 18.10-19.72, titrate able acidity was augmented 1.44 to 2.25mg% and increment in reducing sugar was recorded 6.10 to 7.06%. Sample MJ3 was most acceptable among the other treatments whereas MJ0 showed poorest result during storage period.
The present study pertains to the development of a gluten free ready to serve buckwheat nutritiou... more The present study pertains to the development of a gluten free ready to serve buckwheat nutritious powdered product. The process consists of dehulling and extrusion of dehulled buckwheat from which ready to serve buckwheat flour is obtained. The ready to serve flour is further utilized for product development by mixing it with skimmed milk powder, sugar and food grade additives. The developed product has excellent palatability, agreeable odor and flavor. The developed product is highly nutritious, energizing and refreshing. The gluten free character makes it a perfect nutritional supplement for gluten allergic and other celiac patients as well as for those who have difficulty in mastication swallowing and digestion. The product is dissolvable in hot and cold both water and milk.
Abstract The analgesic, antidiarrheal, and neuro-pharmacological potentials of Medicago denticula... more Abstract The analgesic, antidiarrheal, and neuro-pharmacological potentials of Medicago denticulata leaves extract were screened in animal models. Potential analgesic response was noted (*P
This study investigates the factors that affect farmers’ access to agricultural credit and its ro... more This study investigates the factors that affect farmers’ access to agricultural credit and its role in adopting improved agricultural technologies in the rain-fed zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Using logistic models, we assess and compare the relative role of farmers’ socioeconomic attributes in their access to credit and adoption strategies. The results indicate a moderate positive association between farmers’ access to agricultural credit and their adoption of improved agricultural technologies. The binary logit model’s results indicate that farmers with a large-sized farm, high farm income, better access to information, and large physical asset ownership showed a positive influence on credit access. However, farming experience showed a negative effect on farmers’ access to agricultural credit. Regarding farmers’ credit sources, this study found that asset-rich farmers with more farming experience and better access to information relied more on banks than on input prov...
Abstract This study aims to develop ezetimibe-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and compare... more Abstract This study aims to develop ezetimibe-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and compare them with marketed product and drug suspension for dissolution and bioavailability. Ezetimibe-loaded SLNs were fabricated using high pressure homogeniser (HPH). The content of SLNs were (drug, solid lipid and surfactant; 50/300/25 mg/ml of distilled water). They were characterized through particle size, poly dispersive index (PDI), zeta potential and entrapment efficiency (EE). Moreover, dynamic scattering calorimetry (DSC) and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) were also performed. Furthermore, in-vitro release study was performed followed by pharmacokinetics study in rats after oral administration of ezetimibe-loaded SLNs and compared with marketed product and powder drug suspension. The mean particle size, PDI and zeta potential of ezetimibe-loaded SLNs were 156.9 nm, 0.125 and −20.5 mV, respectively with 90.7% EE. DSC and PXRD study exhibited that the drug was crystalline in powder form, however converted into amorphous form when entrapped in SLNs. Enhanced dissolution and bioavailability of ezetimibe was observed from ezetimibe-loaded SLNs as compared to marketed product and drug suspension. Stability studies revealed that the formulation remains unchanged for 3 months. Thus SLN is a suitable carrier for ezetimibe with enhanced dissolution and bioavailability as compared to the marketed product.
The aim of this study was to develop docetaxel-incorporated lipid nanoparticles (DTX-NPs) to impr... more The aim of this study was to develop docetaxel-incorporated lipid nanoparticles (DTX-NPs) to improve the pharmacokinetic behaviour of docetaxel (DTX) after oral and parenteral administration via sustained release. DTX-NPs were prepared by nanotemplate engineering technique with palmityl alcohol as a solid lipid and Tween-40/Span-40/Myrj S40 as a surfactants mixture. Spherical DTX-NPs below 100 nm were successfully prepared with a narrow particle size distribution, 96% of incorporation efficiency and 686 times increase in DTX solubility. DTX-NPs showed a sustained release over 24 h in phosphate-buffered saline and simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, while DTX-micelles released DTX completely within 12 h. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of DTX-NPs against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 1.9 times lower than that of DTX-micelles and DTX solution. DTX-NPs demonstrated 3.7- and 2.8-fold increase in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve compared with DTX-micelles after oral and parenteral administration, respectively.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of five insecticides ie Lorsban (40% EC), De... more A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of five insecticides ie Lorsban (40% EC), Decis (25% EC), Pyrifos (40% EC), Karate (25% EC), and Ripcord (10% EC) on the survival of rhizosphere N2-fixing microorganisms, nodulation, pod damage (by pod borer), and ...
Reflectivity is the essence of quality teaching and learning. Reflective teachers understand the ... more Reflectivity is the essence of quality teaching and learning. Reflective teachers understand the issues of education and are better able to help their students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of teachers regarding the role of reflective practice in improving teachers’ classroom teaching skills. For data collection a close ended questionnaire was designed and administered to 150 teachers in 30 Community Based Schools in district Chitral, KPK Pakistan. These teachers were provided a six months rigorous training in reflective practice. After that they were allowed to teach in their respective fields in the sampled schools. After lapse of one month, they were provided with questionnaires as a part of follow up activity. Their perceptions are recorded and presented here in a descriptive form. Results of the study showed that teachers who were trained in reflective practice have found a big difference in their teaching skills. The sampled teachers are now abl...
The aim of the study was to evaluate a suitable combination of olive and apple pulp for the prepa... more The aim of the study was to evaluate a suitable combination of olive and apple pulp for the preparation of olive apple blended leather, stored at ambient temperature. The treatments were T0, T1, T2 and T3. The samples were wrapped in aluminum foil and then packed in polyethylene plastic bags and evaluation was carried out for a total period of 150 days. Physiochemically analysis; acidity and moisture and sensory character- istics; color, texture, taste and overall acceptability (using Larmond Scale) were evaluated at 30 days interval. A significant decrease was recorded in moisture (from 13.60% to 11.53%), color (from7.20 to 4.60), taste (from 7.53 to 5.40), texture (from 7.23 to 5.13) and overall acceptability (from 7.33 to 4.85). A significant increase was recorded in acidity (from 0.67% to 0.84%). Among all the treatments T 3 was found most accept- able both physiochemically and organoleptically.
This work is carried out investigate the effect of some chemical preservatives like (Potassium me... more This work is carried out investigate the effect of some chemical preservatives like (Potassium metabisulphite, citric acid, Potassium-sorbate and Sodium-benzoate) on physicochemical quality of black mulberry pulpy juice for the period of three months with 15 days interval. Acidity, pH, sugar/acid ratio, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar as well as organolyptically color, flavor and overall acceptability changes were monitored. Ascorbic acid, pH, sour acid ratio, non-reducing sugar, colour, flavor, and overall acceptability was declined from 25.21-9.69 mg/100g, 3.61-3.16, 12.60-8.78, 1.85-1.40%, 5.97- 4.10, 7.07-3.65, 7.22-3.23 respectively. While during the storage period TSS was increased 18.10-19.72, titrate able acidity was augmented 1.44 to 2.25mg% and increment in reducing sugar was recorded 6.10 to 7.06%. Sample MJ3 was most acceptable among the other treatments whereas MJ0 showed poorest result during storage period.
The present study pertains to the development of a gluten free ready to serve buckwheat nutritiou... more The present study pertains to the development of a gluten free ready to serve buckwheat nutritious powdered product. The process consists of dehulling and extrusion of dehulled buckwheat from which ready to serve buckwheat flour is obtained. The ready to serve flour is further utilized for product development by mixing it with skimmed milk powder, sugar and food grade additives. The developed product has excellent palatability, agreeable odor and flavor. The developed product is highly nutritious, energizing and refreshing. The gluten free character makes it a perfect nutritional supplement for gluten allergic and other celiac patients as well as for those who have difficulty in mastication swallowing and digestion. The product is dissolvable in hot and cold both water and milk.
Abstract The analgesic, antidiarrheal, and neuro-pharmacological potentials of Medicago denticula... more Abstract The analgesic, antidiarrheal, and neuro-pharmacological potentials of Medicago denticulata leaves extract were screened in animal models. Potential analgesic response was noted (*P
This study investigates the factors that affect farmers’ access to agricultural credit and its ro... more This study investigates the factors that affect farmers’ access to agricultural credit and its role in adopting improved agricultural technologies in the rain-fed zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Using logistic models, we assess and compare the relative role of farmers’ socioeconomic attributes in their access to credit and adoption strategies. The results indicate a moderate positive association between farmers’ access to agricultural credit and their adoption of improved agricultural technologies. The binary logit model’s results indicate that farmers with a large-sized farm, high farm income, better access to information, and large physical asset ownership showed a positive influence on credit access. However, farming experience showed a negative effect on farmers’ access to agricultural credit. Regarding farmers’ credit sources, this study found that asset-rich farmers with more farming experience and better access to information relied more on banks than on input prov...
Abstract This study aims to develop ezetimibe-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and compare... more Abstract This study aims to develop ezetimibe-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and compare them with marketed product and drug suspension for dissolution and bioavailability. Ezetimibe-loaded SLNs were fabricated using high pressure homogeniser (HPH). The content of SLNs were (drug, solid lipid and surfactant; 50/300/25 mg/ml of distilled water). They were characterized through particle size, poly dispersive index (PDI), zeta potential and entrapment efficiency (EE). Moreover, dynamic scattering calorimetry (DSC) and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) were also performed. Furthermore, in-vitro release study was performed followed by pharmacokinetics study in rats after oral administration of ezetimibe-loaded SLNs and compared with marketed product and powder drug suspension. The mean particle size, PDI and zeta potential of ezetimibe-loaded SLNs were 156.9 nm, 0.125 and −20.5 mV, respectively with 90.7% EE. DSC and PXRD study exhibited that the drug was crystalline in powder form, however converted into amorphous form when entrapped in SLNs. Enhanced dissolution and bioavailability of ezetimibe was observed from ezetimibe-loaded SLNs as compared to marketed product and drug suspension. Stability studies revealed that the formulation remains unchanged for 3 months. Thus SLN is a suitable carrier for ezetimibe with enhanced dissolution and bioavailability as compared to the marketed product.
The aim of this study was to develop docetaxel-incorporated lipid nanoparticles (DTX-NPs) to impr... more The aim of this study was to develop docetaxel-incorporated lipid nanoparticles (DTX-NPs) to improve the pharmacokinetic behaviour of docetaxel (DTX) after oral and parenteral administration via sustained release. DTX-NPs were prepared by nanotemplate engineering technique with palmityl alcohol as a solid lipid and Tween-40/Span-40/Myrj S40 as a surfactants mixture. Spherical DTX-NPs below 100 nm were successfully prepared with a narrow particle size distribution, 96% of incorporation efficiency and 686 times increase in DTX solubility. DTX-NPs showed a sustained release over 24 h in phosphate-buffered saline and simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, while DTX-micelles released DTX completely within 12 h. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of DTX-NPs against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 1.9 times lower than that of DTX-micelles and DTX solution. DTX-NPs demonstrated 3.7- and 2.8-fold increase in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve compared with DTX-micelles after oral and parenteral administration, respectively.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of five insecticides ie Lorsban (40% EC), De... more A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of five insecticides ie Lorsban (40% EC), Decis (25% EC), Pyrifos (40% EC), Karate (25% EC), and Ripcord (10% EC) on the survival of rhizosphere N2-fixing microorganisms, nodulation, pod damage (by pod borer), and ...
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