This article focuses on the mobility of Lutheran communities in early modern Europe. The emphasis... more This article focuses on the mobility of Lutheran communities in early modern Europe. The emphasis is on emigrations from the Habsburg territories during the time of re-catholicization in the late 16th century until the early 18th century. To shed light on the specific conditions and processes of the Lutheran confessional migration, these waves of migration will be considered in the context of the early modern migration movements in general, but also situated in the contemporary developments regarding confessional politics and piety. Besides the migration processes themselves, this article looks at the possibilities of settlement and integration for Lutheran migrants; special attention will also be given to the cultural transfers that took place in the context of migration, as well as to the communication structures and the formation of particular immigrant traditions.
Early modern fundraising journeys were an important tool for the economic and religious survival ... more Early modern fundraising journeys were an important tool for the economic and religious survival of minorities, as well as for the creation of transnational ties of communication and support. This essay addresses a fundraising journey of the Bohemian Unity of Brethren from Poland to Great Britain in 1715/17. Focusing on the diary of the fundraiser Christian Sitkovius, it argues that this journey was crucial in providing a theological and communicative basis for later links between the Bohemian Brethren and Zinzendorf’s Moravian Church, as well as for the Moravians’ establishment in the British empire. The article offers important insights into contemporary practices of traveling and religious self-fashioning as well as into the relationship between religion and economy among Protestants in the early eighteenth century. It also adds new information about the early history of the Moravian Church in the Atlantic World.
Evangelical spiritual emigrants of the 17th century dominate in foreign country mainly by two asp... more Evangelical spiritual emigrants of the 17th century dominate in foreign country mainly by two aspects: the Fatherland and its own library. This chapter describes the role of Protestant, Lutheran and reformed minister in the central European migrations of the 17th and early 18th century. These great emigrations won their dynamics directly or indirectly from the re-catholisation Habsburg territories. The chapter illuminates spiritual migrants and their relationship between exile and emigration country and between individual exile areas based on the geographical reference points. It explains journalism and traditional education within the exile and the role of chaplain in the authorship and dissemination of territories. In the context of the Counter-Reformation to do in the Habsburg territories around the turn of the 17th century, the migration of the Habsburg countries grew to central Germany rapidly to a significant size. The original text of the chapter is in German. Keywords: evangelical spiritual emigrants; central European migrations; central Germany; Habsburg territories; journalism; traditional education
This article focuses on the mobility of Lutheran communities in early modern Europe. The emphasis... more This article focuses on the mobility of Lutheran communities in early modern Europe. The emphasis is on emigrations from the Habsburg territories during the time of re-catholicization in the late 16th century until the early 18th century. To shed light on the specific conditions and processes of the Lutheran confessional migration, these waves of migration will be considered in the context of the early modern migration movements in general, but also situated in the contemporary developments regarding confessional politics and piety. Besides the migration processes themselves, this article looks at the possibilities of settlement and integration for Lutheran migrants; special attention will also be given to the cultural transfers that took place in the context of migration, as well as to the communication structures and the formation of particular immigrant traditions.
Early modern fundraising journeys were an important tool for the economic and religious survival ... more Early modern fundraising journeys were an important tool for the economic and religious survival of minorities, as well as for the creation of transnational ties of communication and support. This essay addresses a fundraising journey of the Bohemian Unity of Brethren from Poland to Great Britain in 1715/17. Focusing on the diary of the fundraiser Christian Sitkovius, it argues that this journey was crucial in providing a theological and communicative basis for later links between the Bohemian Brethren and Zinzendorf’s Moravian Church, as well as for the Moravians’ establishment in the British empire. The article offers important insights into contemporary practices of traveling and religious self-fashioning as well as into the relationship between religion and economy among Protestants in the early eighteenth century. It also adds new information about the early history of the Moravian Church in the Atlantic World.
Evangelical spiritual emigrants of the 17th century dominate in foreign country mainly by two asp... more Evangelical spiritual emigrants of the 17th century dominate in foreign country mainly by two aspects: the Fatherland and its own library. This chapter describes the role of Protestant, Lutheran and reformed minister in the central European migrations of the 17th and early 18th century. These great emigrations won their dynamics directly or indirectly from the re-catholisation Habsburg territories. The chapter illuminates spiritual migrants and their relationship between exile and emigration country and between individual exile areas based on the geographical reference points. It explains journalism and traditional education within the exile and the role of chaplain in the authorship and dissemination of territories. In the context of the Counter-Reformation to do in the Habsburg territories around the turn of the 17th century, the migration of the Habsburg countries grew to central Germany rapidly to a significant size. The original text of the chapter is in German. Keywords: evangelical spiritual emigrants; central European migrations; central Germany; Habsburg territories; journalism; traditional education
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