Background There is increasing intervention activities provided during pharmacist-led diabetes ma... more Background There is increasing intervention activities provided during pharmacist-led diabetes management. Nevertheless, there is an unclear definition of the activities involved during the intervention. Thus, this study aimed to describe the type of intervention strategies and service model provided during pharmacist-led type 2 diabetes management and service outcomes. Methods This study utilized the scoping review methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2015. Articles on pharmacist-led diabetes management focusing on the service content, delivery methods, settings, frequency of appointments, collaborative work with other healthcare providers, and reported outcomes were searched and identified from four electronic databases: Ovid Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from 1990 to October 2020. Relevant medical subject headings and keywords, such as “diabetes,” “medication adherence,” “blood glucose,” “HbA1c,” and “pharmacist,” were used to identify publis...
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2016
Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of video recording feedback in compar... more Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of video recording feedback in comparison to verbal feedback in communication and counselling among pharmacy students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Methods: Fourth year pharmacy students (N=45) were randomly assigned into three groups, where students received either video feedback (N=16), verbal feedback (N=16) or no feedback (control group) [N=13] after counselling session. The students’ performances of communication and counselling skills were assessed by assessors consisting academician and practising pharmacist prior and post interventions. Results: Communication skills of the students in the video and verbal groups were significantly improved compared to the control group (p<0.05). It was found that student’s counselling skills were not significantly influenced by their academic performances (cumulative grade point average) and cultural background of different races. However, gender may has significant influenc...
Background There is a paucity of data on pharmacists’ competency and learning needs in antimicrob... more Background There is a paucity of data on pharmacists’ competency and learning needs in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). Objectives To identify and prioritize learning needs based on self-perceived competence of ward pharmacists in AMS, to identify predictors of self-perceived competence, learning methods in AMS and perceived barriers to learning. Methods A cross-sectional survey involving ward pharmacists from Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) and hospitals under the Ministry of Health was conducted from May to July 2018. Results A total of 553 ward pharmacists from 67 hospitals responded to this survey (71.3% response rate). Knowledge of infections, antimicrobials and AMS systems, confidence to advise on various issues relating to antimicrobial therapy and participation in clinical audit and evaluation were among the learning needs identified (median score 3.00). Meanwhile, knowledge on the epidemiology of infections, off-label use of antimicrobials and pharmacoeconomics relat...
The conventional counseling method focuses on imparting knowledge meanwhile active engagement app... more The conventional counseling method focuses on imparting knowledge meanwhile active engagement approach would enhance patient’s participation and control in the health management process. This study explored the various elements that affect the pharmacist-patient active engagement during diabetes counseling sessions in primary healthcare settings. A qualitative study using thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews was utilized. Subjects were recruited from five primary healthcare clinics in Kuala Lumpur. Ten pharmacists actively running the diabetes medication therapy adherence clinical (DMTAC) counseling and 15 patients who are currently enrolled under the DMTAC program participated in this study. A combination of computer software ATLAS.ti and hand-written methods were used in the mind mapping to assist with the development of the themes. The qualitative analysis identified themes associated with pharmacist active engagement approach include establish rapport (subthemes: intr...
This study evaluated the association of self reported adherence with concurrent and subsequent gl... more This study evaluated the association of self reported adherence with concurrent and subsequent glycemic control amongst type 2 diabetes patients at a tertiary care hospital in Malaysia. Demographic and clinical variables were assessed at baseline, after three and six months in 73 type 2 diabetes patients. Regression analysis, using SPSS, evaluated the concurrent and longitudinal association of medication adherence and glycemic control. Potential confounders of variables were identified using bi-variate correlation analyses. Concurrent Medication adherence and HbA1c association was significant after adjusting for ethnicity (P = 0.005). For longitudinal observation at 3 months, the association was significant after adjusting for ethnicity (P = 0.016); however, it became non-significant when baseline glycemic control was included in the model (P = 0.28). Easy to administer MALMAS significantly predicted concurrent glycemic control independent of potential confounders. This association ...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2018
Objective: High prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Malaysia demands the appropriate interventio... more Objective: High prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Malaysia demands the appropriate interventions to alleviate or postpone its burden on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The studies which provide useful knowledge about the components of such interventions are important. The aim of this study was to describe how demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes patients influence their HRQoL using EQ-5D.Methods: This study used the baseline data of a randomized controlled study carried out to examine the impact of a pharmacist intervention on poorly controlled diabetes patients. A generic HRQoL tool EQ-5D was used to report the data. Logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of problems in individual EQ-5D domains, and ANCOVA was undertaken to examine the effect of patients’ characteristic on EQ-5D mean scores and visual analog scale (VAS) mean scores.Results: Pain discomfort was reported to be significantly predicted by high HbA1c levels. Increasi...
This study aimed to evaluate the community pharmacists’ knowledge of tackling the issue of inadve... more This study aimed to evaluate the community pharmacists’ knowledge of tackling the issue of inadvertent doping in Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 384 community pharmacists working in Malaysia using a self-administered questionnaire. All the respondents were pharmacists fully registered with the Pharmacy Board of Malaysia and had been working in the community setting for at least one year. Of the 426 community pharmacists approached, 384 community pharmacists participated in this study, giving a response rate of 90.14%. The majority of the respondents were females (63.5%), graduated from local universities (74.9%), with median years of practising as a community pharmacist of six years (interquartile range, IQR = 9 years). The respondents were found to have moderate levels of doping-related knowledge (median score of 52 out of 100). Anabolic steroids (95.8%), stimulants (78.6%) and growth factors (65.6%) were recognised as prohibited substances by most of the res...
Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology
Background: Appropriate level of healthcare utilization is one of the aims in translating health ... more Background: Appropriate level of healthcare utilization is one of the aims in translating health system inputs into improving the outcome of population health. Healthcare utilization services in Malaysia remains relatively low as compared to the rate in most high-income countries and some gaps exist across socioeconomic status. After the financial handouts deemed Household Living Aid (HLA) to low-income earners, Malaysia has recently implemented a financial health protection scheme toward for low-income group known as PeKa B40 to improve their access for healthcare services. This study aims to determine the healthcare utilization among the low-income population living in urban Klang Valley, and to explore the relationship between healthcare utilization with the demographic characteristics of this population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study using face to face structured questionnaire. All 447 respondents included were low-income earners enrolled in the HLA. Chi-square a...
The objective of this study was to explore the experiences and side-effects of breast cancer pati... more The objective of this study was to explore the experiences and side-effects of breast cancer patients on chemotherapy in Malaysia. Purposive sampling of 36 breast cancer patients who have completed chemotherapy and agreed to participate in semi-structured in-depth interviews. A constant comparative method and thematic analysis were used to analyze the interviews. Data were categorized into six main themes: know nothing of chemotherapy; fear of chemotherapy; patients' beliefs in alternative treatments; symptom management; staying healthy after chemotherapy; and concerns of patients after chemotherapy. Despite complaints about the bad experiences of their chemotherapy-induced side-effects, these patients still managed to complete the entire course of chemotherapy. Moreover, there is a need for a clinical pharmacy service in the oncology clinic setting in Malaysia in order to provide relevant information to help patients understand the chemotherapy received.
Background There is increasing intervention activities provided during pharmacist-led diabetes ma... more Background There is increasing intervention activities provided during pharmacist-led diabetes management. Nevertheless, there is an unclear definition of the activities involved during the intervention. Thus, this study aimed to describe the type of intervention strategies and service model provided during pharmacist-led type 2 diabetes management and service outcomes. Methods This study utilized the scoping review methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2015. Articles on pharmacist-led diabetes management focusing on the service content, delivery methods, settings, frequency of appointments, collaborative work with other healthcare providers, and reported outcomes were searched and identified from four electronic databases: Ovid Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from 1990 to October 2020. Relevant medical subject headings and keywords, such as “diabetes,” “medication adherence,” “blood glucose,” “HbA1c,” and “pharmacist,” were used to identify publis...
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2016
Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of video recording feedback in compar... more Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of video recording feedback in comparison to verbal feedback in communication and counselling among pharmacy students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Methods: Fourth year pharmacy students (N=45) were randomly assigned into three groups, where students received either video feedback (N=16), verbal feedback (N=16) or no feedback (control group) [N=13] after counselling session. The students’ performances of communication and counselling skills were assessed by assessors consisting academician and practising pharmacist prior and post interventions. Results: Communication skills of the students in the video and verbal groups were significantly improved compared to the control group (p<0.05). It was found that student’s counselling skills were not significantly influenced by their academic performances (cumulative grade point average) and cultural background of different races. However, gender may has significant influenc...
Background There is a paucity of data on pharmacists’ competency and learning needs in antimicrob... more Background There is a paucity of data on pharmacists’ competency and learning needs in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). Objectives To identify and prioritize learning needs based on self-perceived competence of ward pharmacists in AMS, to identify predictors of self-perceived competence, learning methods in AMS and perceived barriers to learning. Methods A cross-sectional survey involving ward pharmacists from Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) and hospitals under the Ministry of Health was conducted from May to July 2018. Results A total of 553 ward pharmacists from 67 hospitals responded to this survey (71.3% response rate). Knowledge of infections, antimicrobials and AMS systems, confidence to advise on various issues relating to antimicrobial therapy and participation in clinical audit and evaluation were among the learning needs identified (median score 3.00). Meanwhile, knowledge on the epidemiology of infections, off-label use of antimicrobials and pharmacoeconomics relat...
The conventional counseling method focuses on imparting knowledge meanwhile active engagement app... more The conventional counseling method focuses on imparting knowledge meanwhile active engagement approach would enhance patient’s participation and control in the health management process. This study explored the various elements that affect the pharmacist-patient active engagement during diabetes counseling sessions in primary healthcare settings. A qualitative study using thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews was utilized. Subjects were recruited from five primary healthcare clinics in Kuala Lumpur. Ten pharmacists actively running the diabetes medication therapy adherence clinical (DMTAC) counseling and 15 patients who are currently enrolled under the DMTAC program participated in this study. A combination of computer software ATLAS.ti and hand-written methods were used in the mind mapping to assist with the development of the themes. The qualitative analysis identified themes associated with pharmacist active engagement approach include establish rapport (subthemes: intr...
This study evaluated the association of self reported adherence with concurrent and subsequent gl... more This study evaluated the association of self reported adherence with concurrent and subsequent glycemic control amongst type 2 diabetes patients at a tertiary care hospital in Malaysia. Demographic and clinical variables were assessed at baseline, after three and six months in 73 type 2 diabetes patients. Regression analysis, using SPSS, evaluated the concurrent and longitudinal association of medication adherence and glycemic control. Potential confounders of variables were identified using bi-variate correlation analyses. Concurrent Medication adherence and HbA1c association was significant after adjusting for ethnicity (P = 0.005). For longitudinal observation at 3 months, the association was significant after adjusting for ethnicity (P = 0.016); however, it became non-significant when baseline glycemic control was included in the model (P = 0.28). Easy to administer MALMAS significantly predicted concurrent glycemic control independent of potential confounders. This association ...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2018
Objective: High prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Malaysia demands the appropriate interventio... more Objective: High prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Malaysia demands the appropriate interventions to alleviate or postpone its burden on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The studies which provide useful knowledge about the components of such interventions are important. The aim of this study was to describe how demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes patients influence their HRQoL using EQ-5D.Methods: This study used the baseline data of a randomized controlled study carried out to examine the impact of a pharmacist intervention on poorly controlled diabetes patients. A generic HRQoL tool EQ-5D was used to report the data. Logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of problems in individual EQ-5D domains, and ANCOVA was undertaken to examine the effect of patients’ characteristic on EQ-5D mean scores and visual analog scale (VAS) mean scores.Results: Pain discomfort was reported to be significantly predicted by high HbA1c levels. Increasi...
This study aimed to evaluate the community pharmacists’ knowledge of tackling the issue of inadve... more This study aimed to evaluate the community pharmacists’ knowledge of tackling the issue of inadvertent doping in Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 384 community pharmacists working in Malaysia using a self-administered questionnaire. All the respondents were pharmacists fully registered with the Pharmacy Board of Malaysia and had been working in the community setting for at least one year. Of the 426 community pharmacists approached, 384 community pharmacists participated in this study, giving a response rate of 90.14%. The majority of the respondents were females (63.5%), graduated from local universities (74.9%), with median years of practising as a community pharmacist of six years (interquartile range, IQR = 9 years). The respondents were found to have moderate levels of doping-related knowledge (median score of 52 out of 100). Anabolic steroids (95.8%), stimulants (78.6%) and growth factors (65.6%) were recognised as prohibited substances by most of the res...
Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology
Background: Appropriate level of healthcare utilization is one of the aims in translating health ... more Background: Appropriate level of healthcare utilization is one of the aims in translating health system inputs into improving the outcome of population health. Healthcare utilization services in Malaysia remains relatively low as compared to the rate in most high-income countries and some gaps exist across socioeconomic status. After the financial handouts deemed Household Living Aid (HLA) to low-income earners, Malaysia has recently implemented a financial health protection scheme toward for low-income group known as PeKa B40 to improve their access for healthcare services. This study aims to determine the healthcare utilization among the low-income population living in urban Klang Valley, and to explore the relationship between healthcare utilization with the demographic characteristics of this population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study using face to face structured questionnaire. All 447 respondents included were low-income earners enrolled in the HLA. Chi-square a...
The objective of this study was to explore the experiences and side-effects of breast cancer pati... more The objective of this study was to explore the experiences and side-effects of breast cancer patients on chemotherapy in Malaysia. Purposive sampling of 36 breast cancer patients who have completed chemotherapy and agreed to participate in semi-structured in-depth interviews. A constant comparative method and thematic analysis were used to analyze the interviews. Data were categorized into six main themes: know nothing of chemotherapy; fear of chemotherapy; patients' beliefs in alternative treatments; symptom management; staying healthy after chemotherapy; and concerns of patients after chemotherapy. Despite complaints about the bad experiences of their chemotherapy-induced side-effects, these patients still managed to complete the entire course of chemotherapy. Moreover, there is a need for a clinical pharmacy service in the oncology clinic setting in Malaysia in order to provide relevant information to help patients understand the chemotherapy received.
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