Ali Sheikh Ahmed Ph.D. Candidate at the Doctoral School of Military Sciences, Faculty of International Security Studies. National University of Public Service Budapest, Hungary Also, Ali Sheikh Ahmed is the founder of Aged and Children Pastoralists Association (ACPA)—a non-profit organisation operating major countries in the Horn of Africa Region. Supervisors: Thesis supervisors 1: Prof. Erzsébet N. Rózsa and Thesis supervisors 2: Prof. Viktor Marsai
Faisal Roble’s Rejoinder on Bahir Dar Graduation Conference Remarks, 2019
It was late in the evening when I first received Faisal Roble's letters filled with complex trepi... more It was late in the evening when I first received Faisal Roble's letters filled with complex trepidation that he released to the public through social media a few days ago. The first letter appeared on his Facebook page and was written in the Somali language, and therein he made a pledge that he will publish the English version entitled "Bahir-Dar: Torturing Somali History" on Wardheernews.com, a site he founded and where, often, he is too fond of filing his usual follies. As I continued to pore over them again and again, I found that this cultured man, Faisal Roble, for some reason best known to him, took the trouble of making an abhorrent outcry forewarning against what seemed to many a fictitious ogre evolving from the Amhara region. A monster whose intent is to invade and exterminate conclusively, the Somali nation in the Somali region of Ethiopia. Spine-chilling reading indeed, God forbid! Although the entire texts were not seminal enough to call for a swift rebuttal, I felt compelled to do so. Once more, I rewarded myself the chance to re-read Faisal's tawdry construction, which failed to present the external reality in a true light. From the tranquility of my own analysis, I decided to counter his arguments with a concrete proposition based on fact to de-construct his rattling and uproarious discourse. In so doing, I prefer to focus on the starting point of my diagnostic review of Faisal's letters, though I felt the one in the Somali version had more information than the English article, or perhaps my Somali reading habits are more careful than my English reading. Thus, on the evidence I shall provide here, the reader of this article should be able to judge whether Faisal could be considered competent or simply acting on his ego, in order to weave a tale of deception.
DRAFT " We fight neither for glory nor for wealth nor honors; but only and alone we fight for fre... more DRAFT " We fight neither for glory nor for wealth nor honors; but only and alone we fight for freedom, which no good man surrenders but with his life. " ― Bernard De Linton in 1320 "
At the advent of the 19th century coincided with the awakening of Somalis political consciousness... more At the advent of the 19th century coincided with the awakening of Somalis political consciousness and the Euro-Christian imperialist partition of the larger Somalis hinterland into four portions distributed to; Britain, France, Italy and Ethiopia, the latter represents as the only then black imperialist. Being characterized as the most homogeneous society in Sub-Sahara Africa with the same language, same religion (Sunni Muslims) and adopted one cultural pattern, it didn’t allow them to hunt their colonial interest peacefully. Thus, in a short span, of less than a year the rise of the Dervishes state that carried out the most savagery resistance in the 19th defied all the imperialist misconstruction against Somalis on the authority of being smeared as disorganization and disorderly clannish society
Scientific Periodical of the Military National Security Service, 2020
Abstract
The emergence of this deadly, infectious, viral disease in Wuhan of Hubei, China, the c... more Abstract The emergence of this deadly, infectious, viral disease in Wuhan of Hubei, China, the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the world has quickly realized that the rapid spread of the virus worldwide has presented one of the most difficult challenges confronting our present world. Within the realm of four months, nearly five millions cases have been recorded, of which more than a quarter of a million have been fatal as of 13th May 2020. Numerous nations have taken extraordinary measures to stop the spread. From 13th April 2020, practically all nations showed a high-level of escalated alertness to halt the promptness and the transmission rates of the deadly coronavirus in their geographical spheres of control. However, despite this COVID-19 spared no one and has taken a heavy toll on every sphere of human life triggering a lot of direct and indirect public suffering, particularly in countries in the southern hemisphere. Thus, under this article, the author probes the current pandemic’s origin, the level of its catastrophic course in both the short and long term. With hindsight of the ongoing conspiracy theories about the novel coronavirus, and the flip side of an understated response among African states, the author will closely study the socio-political, economy and the public health challenges African state likely to face at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, Politics, Economic, Socio-cultural, Health, Elections
Following the amounting accusation of autocracy, the heritage of exclusionary rulership with an u... more Following the amounting accusation of autocracy, the heritage of exclusionary rulership with an underlying ethnic undertone that confined the parameters of political power finally yielded nearly three years of unemployed youth-led street protests initially in Oromia region and later spread all over the country, demanding for political reform and socio-economic improvements. All these paved the way for PM Abiy Ahmed on April 2nd, 2018 in what seemed to be a transition in the form of a “play-within-a-play”. In this article, I offer an account that explains the image of Ethiopia’s democratic transition in 2018. Undeniably using my own physical experience and observations as an academic and a humanitarian practitioner owing to my more than 15 years of stay in the country where I have often been close to the decision-making tables in Addis Ababa as well as in the Somali region. Of course, I will also use all other seminally relevant information helpful to draw an explanation to the interminable socio-political and economic transformation in Ethiopia.
President Farmajo’s Election: A Brief Hiatus or Hype in Ethiopia’s Regional Hegemonic Ambition , 2019
Abstract
The paper aims to identify the existing state of affairs and relationships between Somal... more Abstract The paper aims to identify the existing state of affairs and relationships between Somalia and Ethiopia in the era of President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo, and the multiplicity of other states (Middle East and Turkey) with vested interests in Somalia that might radicalize diplomatic relations following the 2017 election. Rival foreign countries present in the Horn of Africa that sought hegemonic dominance, including the USA, China, Turkey, Russia, and the Middle East, watched the political changes that took place in Somalia after the election of President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo. However, upon taking the presidential oath, Farmajo’s leadership and foreign policy turned towards Turkey and Qatar as an alternative power to lean against in the event of pursuing his irredentist ambitions as was constantly outlined in his rhetorical speech before the election is now on the making. Nevertheless, the revolving question is, would it cause a brief hiatus or hype in Ethiopia’s regional hegemonic ambition? Keywords: Ethiopia, Somalia, Election, Rhetoric, Relation and Hegemony
AARMS—Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science, 2019
The paper aims to identify the existing state of affairs and relationships between Somalia and Et... more The paper aims to identify the existing state of affairs and relationships between Somalia and Ethiopia in the era of President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo, and the multiplicity of other states (Middle East and Turkey) with vested interests in Somalia that might radicalize diplomatic relations following the 2017 election. Rival foreign countries present in the Horn of Africa that sought hegemonic dominance, including the USA, China, Turkey, Russia, and the Middle East, watched the political changes that took place in Somalia after the election of President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo. However, upon taking the presidential oath, Farmajo’s leadership and foreign policy turned towards Turkey and Qatar as an alternative power to lean against in the event of pursuing his irredentist ambitions as was constantly outlined in his rhetorical speech before the election is now on the making. Nevertheless, the revolving question is, would it cause a brief hiatus or hype in Ethiopia’s regional hegemonic ambition?
The commonly used snappy titles of " illiberal state " whenever referring the political style of ... more The commonly used snappy titles of " illiberal state " whenever referring the political style of the Ethiopian ruling party—the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) is now no more prevalently in force. After months of political tense and irregularly unpopular unrest resulting wanton destruction of both public and private properties in Oromia and Amhara regions; now the country hold back to handy stability of every respect. The " Negotiated Democracy " as accosted by the EPRDF elitist as a politically optional instrument to address the public concerns has worked to the maximal end. The flimsy and the already fragile states of Egypt and Eretria's plot of destabilizing Ethiopia not only once but several times were thwarted despondently. The only black empire in Africa (Read Ethiopians) proofed their old civilization right as they placed hegemony of the state at the peak over the primacy of individual interest. The astonishing collaboration between the ordinary citizen and the state security personnel in maintaining and quelling the affected regions in the shortest span of time has spitted out dirty dyes on the face of the arch-foe enemies of Ethiopia. What is more, their fake prophecies against this great nation have fallen apart. The country is now blushing into a new rejuvenation of hope and hurrahs and the emergency law turned to be a matter of marvel much more than a mere melody. The unholy alliances of Egypt and Eretria in the past have contrived every possible venue to disrupt the economically booming Ethiopia through the use of self-centred, de-schooled and self-designated exile politicians. What we have learnt of late is the unaccounted public funds they used to ignite public disobediences in Ethiopia through every rat-path. In an ideal situation such enormous funds would have been utilized to regulate the endangering poverty befallen to their citizen. I optimistically look forward the day when the Egyptians and Eritreans public will question these self-designated dictators make them face the music. The advanced intelligence services in Ethiopia have unfurl on a EBC public –TV show the money-motivated conspiracy theory ratcheted by the draw-latched president Abdulfatah El-Sisi's government in Egypt planning together with few betrayal and outlawed groups in exile carrying the names of Ethiopian in a kangaroo session somewhere in abroad. The national EBC TV-show exposed the worst awkwardness and the political wildness of the president El-Sisi's unlawful government engineering road-map to disrupt the inexorable nations and nationalities in Ethiopian. Ethiopian is committed in achieving middle-class lifestyle as a developmental agenda stipulated in their current five years developmental index GTP II. The most ridiculers events, and of course which marked the worst satire of the decade come to pass when the Ethiopian national EBC TV exposed corrupt Egyptian oligarchies loyal to president El-Sisi wrapping up over their body the deadwood scientific socialist DERG FLAG during the peak of the recent past unrest. Their intention was to openly designate selfish wish to retreat Ethiopia back to the era of military dictators, ruthless coup d'étators and political butchers at a time when neoliberal economy is at its booming peak. One would suggest that, the political reason for the Egyptian oligarchies to rejoice with the outfit Ethiopian betrayals in exile was simply the greed believe of one day Ethiopia will fall apart, balkanize the nearly ninety plus heterogeneous nationalities/society. What would they gain then? They will easily manipulate Ethiopian wealth and waters and manhandle them into a protracted and distressed ethnic cleansing. What would happen then? In the least scenario, they would
Amb. Eng. Mahboub Maalim is the current Executive Secretary (ES) of Intergovernmental Authority o... more Amb. Eng. Mahboub Maalim is the current Executive Secretary (ES) of Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), in his capacity as the ES of IGAD he conscientiously availed to himself a transformative commitment of IGAD Member Nations, UN and International community. This is reflected in the increased funding opportunities and portfolio of approved projects and programmes currently ongoing in IGAD countries.
At the advent of the 19 th century coincided with the awakening of Somalis political consciousnes... more At the advent of the 19 th century coincided with the awakening of Somalis political consciousness and the Euro-Christian imperialist partition of the larger Somalis hinterland into four portions distributed to; Britain, France, Italy and Ethiopia, the latter represents as the only then black imperialist. Being characterized as the most homogeneous society in Sub-Sahara Africa with the same language, same religion (Sunni Muslims) and adopted one cultural pattern, it didn't allow them to hunt their colonial interest peacefully. Thus, in a short span, of less than a year the rise of the Dervishes state that carried out the most savagery resistance in the 19 th defied all the imperialist misconstruction against Somalis on the authority of being smeared as disorganization and disorderly clannish society. Introduction The contemporary Somali historian and students of history could find it hard to believe that Somalis lived, generation after generation, century after century, without authentic political organization or strong traditional government institutions uniting all Somali tribes into one political order. Even though that being the case, there still some level of collective tradition laws for coordination to maintain inter and intra collective good and fair dispensation of justices. In essence, the only law of the land was their long kept traditional customs, virtues and values known as " Xeer institution ". In unlikely event a crime is/was committed, the injured party would ask the offending clan to administer " justice " by taking note from a similar incident in the past and thus a legal ruling would be executed judiciously. Although this system led very often than not denigrated as dreadful unkindness. In the past literatures little as it was focused, mainly when considering the anti-imperialist nationalist Sayyid Mohammad Abdulle Hassan and his Dervishes state of the 19 th century. The few interested authors end up orbiting around the freedom struggle particularly the Dervishes military expeditions against the British colonial administration in Northern Somalis land without necessarily giving attention to the bearing strength, passion and the intensity of his religious and organizational influence across Somalis that shaped puritanical thinking of their Islamic faith up to the present day. Therefore, this paper will reveal three salient features that help expedite the Dervish/Darwish state takeoff and environmental factors enhanced its achievements. Considerable emphasis are accorded in the other chapters of the main book, however in this chapter[paper] faint attention is given to his profuse Islamic knowledge he tussled to acquire during his teenage to adulthood through travelling different countries including Yemen, Makkah and Harar city state and the role it has played in wake of his Dervishes conscription process. The other aspect that will enjoy lesser degree attention among others his " charismatic and articulate " traits and how it had help him to attract large scale of followers for his freedom vision in a span of less than quarter of century without material incentives. Finally, the will talk of the introduction of Neo-Sufi sect, Saalihiyya as the as the Islamic knowledge wing of the Dervishes under the leadership
Faisal Roble’s Rejoinder on Bahir Dar Graduation Conference Remarks, 2019
It was late in the evening when I first received Faisal Roble's letters filled with complex trepi... more It was late in the evening when I first received Faisal Roble's letters filled with complex trepidation that he released to the public through social media a few days ago. The first letter appeared on his Facebook page and was written in the Somali language, and therein he made a pledge that he will publish the English version entitled "Bahir-Dar: Torturing Somali History" on Wardheernews.com, a site he founded and where, often, he is too fond of filing his usual follies. As I continued to pore over them again and again, I found that this cultured man, Faisal Roble, for some reason best known to him, took the trouble of making an abhorrent outcry forewarning against what seemed to many a fictitious ogre evolving from the Amhara region. A monster whose intent is to invade and exterminate conclusively, the Somali nation in the Somali region of Ethiopia. Spine-chilling reading indeed, God forbid! Although the entire texts were not seminal enough to call for a swift rebuttal, I felt compelled to do so. Once more, I rewarded myself the chance to re-read Faisal's tawdry construction, which failed to present the external reality in a true light. From the tranquility of my own analysis, I decided to counter his arguments with a concrete proposition based on fact to de-construct his rattling and uproarious discourse. In so doing, I prefer to focus on the starting point of my diagnostic review of Faisal's letters, though I felt the one in the Somali version had more information than the English article, or perhaps my Somali reading habits are more careful than my English reading. Thus, on the evidence I shall provide here, the reader of this article should be able to judge whether Faisal could be considered competent or simply acting on his ego, in order to weave a tale of deception.
DRAFT " We fight neither for glory nor for wealth nor honors; but only and alone we fight for fre... more DRAFT " We fight neither for glory nor for wealth nor honors; but only and alone we fight for freedom, which no good man surrenders but with his life. " ― Bernard De Linton in 1320 "
At the advent of the 19th century coincided with the awakening of Somalis political consciousness... more At the advent of the 19th century coincided with the awakening of Somalis political consciousness and the Euro-Christian imperialist partition of the larger Somalis hinterland into four portions distributed to; Britain, France, Italy and Ethiopia, the latter represents as the only then black imperialist. Being characterized as the most homogeneous society in Sub-Sahara Africa with the same language, same religion (Sunni Muslims) and adopted one cultural pattern, it didn’t allow them to hunt their colonial interest peacefully. Thus, in a short span, of less than a year the rise of the Dervishes state that carried out the most savagery resistance in the 19th defied all the imperialist misconstruction against Somalis on the authority of being smeared as disorganization and disorderly clannish society
Scientific Periodical of the Military National Security Service, 2020
Abstract
The emergence of this deadly, infectious, viral disease in Wuhan of Hubei, China, the c... more Abstract The emergence of this deadly, infectious, viral disease in Wuhan of Hubei, China, the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the world has quickly realized that the rapid spread of the virus worldwide has presented one of the most difficult challenges confronting our present world. Within the realm of four months, nearly five millions cases have been recorded, of which more than a quarter of a million have been fatal as of 13th May 2020. Numerous nations have taken extraordinary measures to stop the spread. From 13th April 2020, practically all nations showed a high-level of escalated alertness to halt the promptness and the transmission rates of the deadly coronavirus in their geographical spheres of control. However, despite this COVID-19 spared no one and has taken a heavy toll on every sphere of human life triggering a lot of direct and indirect public suffering, particularly in countries in the southern hemisphere. Thus, under this article, the author probes the current pandemic’s origin, the level of its catastrophic course in both the short and long term. With hindsight of the ongoing conspiracy theories about the novel coronavirus, and the flip side of an understated response among African states, the author will closely study the socio-political, economy and the public health challenges African state likely to face at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, Politics, Economic, Socio-cultural, Health, Elections
Following the amounting accusation of autocracy, the heritage of exclusionary rulership with an u... more Following the amounting accusation of autocracy, the heritage of exclusionary rulership with an underlying ethnic undertone that confined the parameters of political power finally yielded nearly three years of unemployed youth-led street protests initially in Oromia region and later spread all over the country, demanding for political reform and socio-economic improvements. All these paved the way for PM Abiy Ahmed on April 2nd, 2018 in what seemed to be a transition in the form of a “play-within-a-play”. In this article, I offer an account that explains the image of Ethiopia’s democratic transition in 2018. Undeniably using my own physical experience and observations as an academic and a humanitarian practitioner owing to my more than 15 years of stay in the country where I have often been close to the decision-making tables in Addis Ababa as well as in the Somali region. Of course, I will also use all other seminally relevant information helpful to draw an explanation to the interminable socio-political and economic transformation in Ethiopia.
President Farmajo’s Election: A Brief Hiatus or Hype in Ethiopia’s Regional Hegemonic Ambition , 2019
Abstract
The paper aims to identify the existing state of affairs and relationships between Somal... more Abstract The paper aims to identify the existing state of affairs and relationships between Somalia and Ethiopia in the era of President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo, and the multiplicity of other states (Middle East and Turkey) with vested interests in Somalia that might radicalize diplomatic relations following the 2017 election. Rival foreign countries present in the Horn of Africa that sought hegemonic dominance, including the USA, China, Turkey, Russia, and the Middle East, watched the political changes that took place in Somalia after the election of President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo. However, upon taking the presidential oath, Farmajo’s leadership and foreign policy turned towards Turkey and Qatar as an alternative power to lean against in the event of pursuing his irredentist ambitions as was constantly outlined in his rhetorical speech before the election is now on the making. Nevertheless, the revolving question is, would it cause a brief hiatus or hype in Ethiopia’s regional hegemonic ambition? Keywords: Ethiopia, Somalia, Election, Rhetoric, Relation and Hegemony
AARMS—Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science, 2019
The paper aims to identify the existing state of affairs and relationships between Somalia and Et... more The paper aims to identify the existing state of affairs and relationships between Somalia and Ethiopia in the era of President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo, and the multiplicity of other states (Middle East and Turkey) with vested interests in Somalia that might radicalize diplomatic relations following the 2017 election. Rival foreign countries present in the Horn of Africa that sought hegemonic dominance, including the USA, China, Turkey, Russia, and the Middle East, watched the political changes that took place in Somalia after the election of President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo. However, upon taking the presidential oath, Farmajo’s leadership and foreign policy turned towards Turkey and Qatar as an alternative power to lean against in the event of pursuing his irredentist ambitions as was constantly outlined in his rhetorical speech before the election is now on the making. Nevertheless, the revolving question is, would it cause a brief hiatus or hype in Ethiopia’s regional hegemonic ambition?
The commonly used snappy titles of " illiberal state " whenever referring the political style of ... more The commonly used snappy titles of " illiberal state " whenever referring the political style of the Ethiopian ruling party—the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) is now no more prevalently in force. After months of political tense and irregularly unpopular unrest resulting wanton destruction of both public and private properties in Oromia and Amhara regions; now the country hold back to handy stability of every respect. The " Negotiated Democracy " as accosted by the EPRDF elitist as a politically optional instrument to address the public concerns has worked to the maximal end. The flimsy and the already fragile states of Egypt and Eretria's plot of destabilizing Ethiopia not only once but several times were thwarted despondently. The only black empire in Africa (Read Ethiopians) proofed their old civilization right as they placed hegemony of the state at the peak over the primacy of individual interest. The astonishing collaboration between the ordinary citizen and the state security personnel in maintaining and quelling the affected regions in the shortest span of time has spitted out dirty dyes on the face of the arch-foe enemies of Ethiopia. What is more, their fake prophecies against this great nation have fallen apart. The country is now blushing into a new rejuvenation of hope and hurrahs and the emergency law turned to be a matter of marvel much more than a mere melody. The unholy alliances of Egypt and Eretria in the past have contrived every possible venue to disrupt the economically booming Ethiopia through the use of self-centred, de-schooled and self-designated exile politicians. What we have learnt of late is the unaccounted public funds they used to ignite public disobediences in Ethiopia through every rat-path. In an ideal situation such enormous funds would have been utilized to regulate the endangering poverty befallen to their citizen. I optimistically look forward the day when the Egyptians and Eritreans public will question these self-designated dictators make them face the music. The advanced intelligence services in Ethiopia have unfurl on a EBC public –TV show the money-motivated conspiracy theory ratcheted by the draw-latched president Abdulfatah El-Sisi's government in Egypt planning together with few betrayal and outlawed groups in exile carrying the names of Ethiopian in a kangaroo session somewhere in abroad. The national EBC TV-show exposed the worst awkwardness and the political wildness of the president El-Sisi's unlawful government engineering road-map to disrupt the inexorable nations and nationalities in Ethiopian. Ethiopian is committed in achieving middle-class lifestyle as a developmental agenda stipulated in their current five years developmental index GTP II. The most ridiculers events, and of course which marked the worst satire of the decade come to pass when the Ethiopian national EBC TV exposed corrupt Egyptian oligarchies loyal to president El-Sisi wrapping up over their body the deadwood scientific socialist DERG FLAG during the peak of the recent past unrest. Their intention was to openly designate selfish wish to retreat Ethiopia back to the era of military dictators, ruthless coup d'étators and political butchers at a time when neoliberal economy is at its booming peak. One would suggest that, the political reason for the Egyptian oligarchies to rejoice with the outfit Ethiopian betrayals in exile was simply the greed believe of one day Ethiopia will fall apart, balkanize the nearly ninety plus heterogeneous nationalities/society. What would they gain then? They will easily manipulate Ethiopian wealth and waters and manhandle them into a protracted and distressed ethnic cleansing. What would happen then? In the least scenario, they would
Amb. Eng. Mahboub Maalim is the current Executive Secretary (ES) of Intergovernmental Authority o... more Amb. Eng. Mahboub Maalim is the current Executive Secretary (ES) of Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), in his capacity as the ES of IGAD he conscientiously availed to himself a transformative commitment of IGAD Member Nations, UN and International community. This is reflected in the increased funding opportunities and portfolio of approved projects and programmes currently ongoing in IGAD countries.
At the advent of the 19 th century coincided with the awakening of Somalis political consciousnes... more At the advent of the 19 th century coincided with the awakening of Somalis political consciousness and the Euro-Christian imperialist partition of the larger Somalis hinterland into four portions distributed to; Britain, France, Italy and Ethiopia, the latter represents as the only then black imperialist. Being characterized as the most homogeneous society in Sub-Sahara Africa with the same language, same religion (Sunni Muslims) and adopted one cultural pattern, it didn't allow them to hunt their colonial interest peacefully. Thus, in a short span, of less than a year the rise of the Dervishes state that carried out the most savagery resistance in the 19 th defied all the imperialist misconstruction against Somalis on the authority of being smeared as disorganization and disorderly clannish society. Introduction The contemporary Somali historian and students of history could find it hard to believe that Somalis lived, generation after generation, century after century, without authentic political organization or strong traditional government institutions uniting all Somali tribes into one political order. Even though that being the case, there still some level of collective tradition laws for coordination to maintain inter and intra collective good and fair dispensation of justices. In essence, the only law of the land was their long kept traditional customs, virtues and values known as " Xeer institution ". In unlikely event a crime is/was committed, the injured party would ask the offending clan to administer " justice " by taking note from a similar incident in the past and thus a legal ruling would be executed judiciously. Although this system led very often than not denigrated as dreadful unkindness. In the past literatures little as it was focused, mainly when considering the anti-imperialist nationalist Sayyid Mohammad Abdulle Hassan and his Dervishes state of the 19 th century. The few interested authors end up orbiting around the freedom struggle particularly the Dervishes military expeditions against the British colonial administration in Northern Somalis land without necessarily giving attention to the bearing strength, passion and the intensity of his religious and organizational influence across Somalis that shaped puritanical thinking of their Islamic faith up to the present day. Therefore, this paper will reveal three salient features that help expedite the Dervish/Darwish state takeoff and environmental factors enhanced its achievements. Considerable emphasis are accorded in the other chapters of the main book, however in this chapter[paper] faint attention is given to his profuse Islamic knowledge he tussled to acquire during his teenage to adulthood through travelling different countries including Yemen, Makkah and Harar city state and the role it has played in wake of his Dervishes conscription process. The other aspect that will enjoy lesser degree attention among others his " charismatic and articulate " traits and how it had help him to attract large scale of followers for his freedom vision in a span of less than quarter of century without material incentives. Finally, the will talk of the introduction of Neo-Sufi sect, Saalihiyya as the as the Islamic knowledge wing of the Dervishes under the leadership
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Papers by Ali Sheikh
The emergence of this deadly, infectious, viral disease in Wuhan of Hubei, China, the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the world has quickly realized that the rapid spread of the virus worldwide has presented one of the most difficult challenges confronting our present world. Within the realm of four months, nearly five millions cases have been recorded, of which more than a quarter of a million have been fatal as of 13th May 2020. Numerous nations have taken extraordinary measures to stop the spread. From 13th April 2020, practically all nations showed a high-level of escalated alertness to halt the promptness and the transmission rates of the deadly coronavirus in their geographical spheres of control. However, despite this COVID-19 spared no one and has taken a heavy toll on every sphere of human life triggering a lot of direct and indirect public suffering, particularly in countries in the southern hemisphere. Thus, under this article, the author probes the current pandemic’s origin, the level of its catastrophic course in both the short and long term. With hindsight of the ongoing conspiracy theories about the novel coronavirus, and the flip side of an understated response among African states, the author will closely study the socio-political, economy and the public health challenges African state likely to face at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19, Politics, Economic, Socio-cultural, Health, Elections
The paper aims to identify the existing state of affairs and relationships between Somalia and Ethiopia in the era of President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo, and the multiplicity of other states (Middle East and Turkey) with vested interests in Somalia that might radicalize diplomatic relations following the 2017 election. Rival foreign countries present in the Horn of Africa that sought hegemonic dominance, including the USA, China, Turkey, Russia, and the Middle East, watched the political changes that took place in Somalia after the election of President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo. However, upon taking the presidential oath, Farmajo’s leadership and foreign policy turned towards Turkey and Qatar as an alternative power to lean against in the event of pursuing his irredentist ambitions as was constantly outlined in his rhetorical speech before the election is now on the making. Nevertheless, the revolving question is, would it cause a brief hiatus or hype in Ethiopia’s regional hegemonic ambition?
Keywords: Ethiopia, Somalia, Election, Rhetoric, Relation and Hegemony
The emergence of this deadly, infectious, viral disease in Wuhan of Hubei, China, the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the world has quickly realized that the rapid spread of the virus worldwide has presented one of the most difficult challenges confronting our present world. Within the realm of four months, nearly five millions cases have been recorded, of which more than a quarter of a million have been fatal as of 13th May 2020. Numerous nations have taken extraordinary measures to stop the spread. From 13th April 2020, practically all nations showed a high-level of escalated alertness to halt the promptness and the transmission rates of the deadly coronavirus in their geographical spheres of control. However, despite this COVID-19 spared no one and has taken a heavy toll on every sphere of human life triggering a lot of direct and indirect public suffering, particularly in countries in the southern hemisphere. Thus, under this article, the author probes the current pandemic’s origin, the level of its catastrophic course in both the short and long term. With hindsight of the ongoing conspiracy theories about the novel coronavirus, and the flip side of an understated response among African states, the author will closely study the socio-political, economy and the public health challenges African state likely to face at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19, Politics, Economic, Socio-cultural, Health, Elections
The paper aims to identify the existing state of affairs and relationships between Somalia and Ethiopia in the era of President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo, and the multiplicity of other states (Middle East and Turkey) with vested interests in Somalia that might radicalize diplomatic relations following the 2017 election. Rival foreign countries present in the Horn of Africa that sought hegemonic dominance, including the USA, China, Turkey, Russia, and the Middle East, watched the political changes that took place in Somalia after the election of President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo. However, upon taking the presidential oath, Farmajo’s leadership and foreign policy turned towards Turkey and Qatar as an alternative power to lean against in the event of pursuing his irredentist ambitions as was constantly outlined in his rhetorical speech before the election is now on the making. Nevertheless, the revolving question is, would it cause a brief hiatus or hype in Ethiopia’s regional hegemonic ambition?
Keywords: Ethiopia, Somalia, Election, Rhetoric, Relation and Hegemony