An impressive growth in per capita income in Thailand's economy between 1987 and 1988 occurre... more An impressive growth in per capita income in Thailand's economy between 1987 and 1988 occurred mainly due to a dramatic fall in household size and the growing importance of non-rice crops. This article examines the changes in Thailand's rural economy by generating household level data through repeat surveys of six villages. The study finds that income distribution has worsened and although the proportion of poor households has declined, the intensity and severity of poverty has increased.
Bangladesh is known as a predominantly male-dominated society with traditional and religious beli... more Bangladesh is known as a predominantly male-dominated society with traditional and religious beliefs that restrict women’s mobility and participation in economic and social activities. This article is based on national rural representative household-level data collected in 1987 and 2000 from 62 villages in Bangladesh jointly conducted by the International Rice Research Institute and Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies. First, this
International Journal of Current Research and Review
Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is more common than adenocarcinoma. It is ... more Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is more common than adenocarcinoma. It is most common in Asian countries and more prevalent in black population as compared to white population. Its incidence has a decreasing trend, recent years. This disease is very rarely seen in children and adolescents. Case Report: A 12-year-old boy with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of lower esophagus is reported because it is a very rare disease in children. Patient presented with vomiting and dysphagia. Surgery was not possible due to widespread disease. Chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy was given. Patient started taking semisolids after two courses of chemotherapy. Discussion: Esophageal carcinoma is disease of old age and most prevalent in Asian countries. Most patients with this disease are male and have age more than 50 years. This disease is very rarely found in children, the youngest patient presented with the disease was eight years old. It frequently metastasizes ...
BackgroundRates of care abandonment for retinoblastoma (RB) demonstrate significant geographical ... more BackgroundRates of care abandonment for retinoblastoma (RB) demonstrate significant geographical variation; however, other variables that place a patient at risk of abandoning care remain unclear. This study aims to identify the risk factors for care abandonment across a multinational set of patients.MethodsA prospective, observational study of 692 patients from 11 RB centres in 10 countries was conducted from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with higher rates of care abandonment.ResultsLogistic regression showed a higher risk of abandoning care based on country (high-risk countries include Bangladesh (OR=18.1), Pakistan (OR=45.5) and Peru (OR=9.23), p<0.001), female sex (OR=2.39, p=0.013) and advanced clinical stage (OR=4.22, p<0.001). Enucleation as primary treatment was not associated with a higher risk of care abandonment (OR=0.59, p=0.206).ConclusionCountry, advanced disease and female sex we...
Introduction: Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal neoplasm. Following preoperative the... more Introduction: Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal neoplasm. Following preoperative therapy, various histological subtypes, risks and clinical stages are determined as per following SIOP 2001 protocol. To determine the clinicopathological features of different histopathological subtypes and stages of Wilms tumor after completing course of preoperative as well as postoperative chemotherapy following SIOP 2001 protocol. Methodology: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study and sample size calculated by non-probability technique. Ninety-three patients with abdominal masses in the Hematology/Oncology Department were included. After radiological and histopathological diagnosis, four weeks of preoperative chemotherapy, given to patients, followed by partial and radical nephrectomies by surgical team. Specimens received in Histopathology Department grossed and microscopically examined for different post chemotherapy histological subtypes. Further risk categorization and clin...
Background: Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal neoplasm. Following preoperative thera... more Background: Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal neoplasm. Following preoperative therapy, various histological subtypes, risks, and clinical stages are determined. The survival outcome of different subtypes is excellent depending upon the stage of the patient. In developed countries, overall survival and disease-free survival are excellent due to early presentation and closer follow-up. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Children’s Hospital Lahore. All diagnosed WT cases from 1st January 2014 who completed their treatment before 31st December 2018 was included. Entire management was based on SIOP 2001. Patients presenting before nephrectomy received four cycles of preoperative chemotherapy depending upon the clinical stage. After nephrectomy, the postoperative chemotherapy regimen was based on the stage, risk stratification, and metastatic status of the patient. The survival outcome of different histopathological ...
Background/Objectives Retinoblastoma is a common childhood intraocular malignancy, the bilateral ... more Background/Objectives Retinoblastoma is a common childhood intraocular malignancy, the bilateral form of which most commonly results from a de novo germline pathogenic variant in the RB1 gene. Both advanced maternal age and decreasing birth order are known to increase the risk of de novo germline pathogenic variants, while the influence of national wealth is understudied. This cohort study aimed to retrospectively observe whether these factors influence the ratio of bilateral retinoblastoma cases compared to unilateral retinoblastoma, thereby inferring an influence on the development of de novo germline pathogenic variants in RB1. Subjects/Methods Data from 688 patients from 11 centres in 10 countries were analysed using a series of statistical methods. Results No associations were found between advanced maternal age, birth order or GDP per capita and the ratio of bilateral to unilateral retinoblastoma cases (p values = 0.534, 0.201, 0.067, respectively), indicating that these facto...
Background: It is essential that blood and its components should be used appropriately. There are... more Background: It is essential that blood and its components should be used appropriately. There are only a few clear indications for transfusing Fresh frozen Plasma (FFP).The British Society of Hematology recommends FFP usage either when the patient is actively bleeding or in patients who are at high bleeding risk and have coagulation profile abnormality with PT (prothrombin time) or aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) values significantly above the normal ranges for age and gestation concurrent to invasive procedures, it is also recommended that prophylactic FFP should not be transfused -have minor prolongation of PT/aPTT, even prior to surgery, but it may be considered for surgery to critical sites. This study was conducted to determine the usage and estimate appropriateness of FFP transfusion in neonatology. Subjects and methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study included all neonates who received FFP from July to Sep 2018. We recorded their demographics, indica...
An impressive growth in per capita income in Thailand's economy between 1987 and 1988 occurre... more An impressive growth in per capita income in Thailand's economy between 1987 and 1988 occurred mainly due to a dramatic fall in household size and the growing importance of non-rice crops. This article examines the changes in Thailand's rural economy by generating household level data through repeat surveys of six villages. The study finds that income distribution has worsened and although the proportion of poor households has declined, the intensity and severity of poverty has increased.
Bangladesh is known as a predominantly male-dominated society with traditional and religious beli... more Bangladesh is known as a predominantly male-dominated society with traditional and religious beliefs that restrict women’s mobility and participation in economic and social activities. This article is based on national rural representative household-level data collected in 1987 and 2000 from 62 villages in Bangladesh jointly conducted by the International Rice Research Institute and Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies. First, this
International Journal of Current Research and Review
Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is more common than adenocarcinoma. It is ... more Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is more common than adenocarcinoma. It is most common in Asian countries and more prevalent in black population as compared to white population. Its incidence has a decreasing trend, recent years. This disease is very rarely seen in children and adolescents. Case Report: A 12-year-old boy with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of lower esophagus is reported because it is a very rare disease in children. Patient presented with vomiting and dysphagia. Surgery was not possible due to widespread disease. Chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy was given. Patient started taking semisolids after two courses of chemotherapy. Discussion: Esophageal carcinoma is disease of old age and most prevalent in Asian countries. Most patients with this disease are male and have age more than 50 years. This disease is very rarely found in children, the youngest patient presented with the disease was eight years old. It frequently metastasizes ...
BackgroundRates of care abandonment for retinoblastoma (RB) demonstrate significant geographical ... more BackgroundRates of care abandonment for retinoblastoma (RB) demonstrate significant geographical variation; however, other variables that place a patient at risk of abandoning care remain unclear. This study aims to identify the risk factors for care abandonment across a multinational set of patients.MethodsA prospective, observational study of 692 patients from 11 RB centres in 10 countries was conducted from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with higher rates of care abandonment.ResultsLogistic regression showed a higher risk of abandoning care based on country (high-risk countries include Bangladesh (OR=18.1), Pakistan (OR=45.5) and Peru (OR=9.23), p<0.001), female sex (OR=2.39, p=0.013) and advanced clinical stage (OR=4.22, p<0.001). Enucleation as primary treatment was not associated with a higher risk of care abandonment (OR=0.59, p=0.206).ConclusionCountry, advanced disease and female sex we...
Introduction: Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal neoplasm. Following preoperative the... more Introduction: Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal neoplasm. Following preoperative therapy, various histological subtypes, risks and clinical stages are determined as per following SIOP 2001 protocol. To determine the clinicopathological features of different histopathological subtypes and stages of Wilms tumor after completing course of preoperative as well as postoperative chemotherapy following SIOP 2001 protocol. Methodology: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study and sample size calculated by non-probability technique. Ninety-three patients with abdominal masses in the Hematology/Oncology Department were included. After radiological and histopathological diagnosis, four weeks of preoperative chemotherapy, given to patients, followed by partial and radical nephrectomies by surgical team. Specimens received in Histopathology Department grossed and microscopically examined for different post chemotherapy histological subtypes. Further risk categorization and clin...
Background: Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal neoplasm. Following preoperative thera... more Background: Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal neoplasm. Following preoperative therapy, various histological subtypes, risks, and clinical stages are determined. The survival outcome of different subtypes is excellent depending upon the stage of the patient. In developed countries, overall survival and disease-free survival are excellent due to early presentation and closer follow-up. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Children’s Hospital Lahore. All diagnosed WT cases from 1st January 2014 who completed their treatment before 31st December 2018 was included. Entire management was based on SIOP 2001. Patients presenting before nephrectomy received four cycles of preoperative chemotherapy depending upon the clinical stage. After nephrectomy, the postoperative chemotherapy regimen was based on the stage, risk stratification, and metastatic status of the patient. The survival outcome of different histopathological ...
Background/Objectives Retinoblastoma is a common childhood intraocular malignancy, the bilateral ... more Background/Objectives Retinoblastoma is a common childhood intraocular malignancy, the bilateral form of which most commonly results from a de novo germline pathogenic variant in the RB1 gene. Both advanced maternal age and decreasing birth order are known to increase the risk of de novo germline pathogenic variants, while the influence of national wealth is understudied. This cohort study aimed to retrospectively observe whether these factors influence the ratio of bilateral retinoblastoma cases compared to unilateral retinoblastoma, thereby inferring an influence on the development of de novo germline pathogenic variants in RB1. Subjects/Methods Data from 688 patients from 11 centres in 10 countries were analysed using a series of statistical methods. Results No associations were found between advanced maternal age, birth order or GDP per capita and the ratio of bilateral to unilateral retinoblastoma cases (p values = 0.534, 0.201, 0.067, respectively), indicating that these facto...
Background: It is essential that blood and its components should be used appropriately. There are... more Background: It is essential that blood and its components should be used appropriately. There are only a few clear indications for transfusing Fresh frozen Plasma (FFP).The British Society of Hematology recommends FFP usage either when the patient is actively bleeding or in patients who are at high bleeding risk and have coagulation profile abnormality with PT (prothrombin time) or aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) values significantly above the normal ranges for age and gestation concurrent to invasive procedures, it is also recommended that prophylactic FFP should not be transfused -have minor prolongation of PT/aPTT, even prior to surgery, but it may be considered for surgery to critical sites. This study was conducted to determine the usage and estimate appropriateness of FFP transfusion in neonatology. Subjects and methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study included all neonates who received FFP from July to Sep 2018. We recorded their demographics, indica...
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