This article addresses the issue of information security in the Industrial Internet of Things (II... more This article addresses the issue of information security in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environment. Information security risk assessment in the IIoT is complicated by several factors: the complexity and heterogeneity of the system, the dynamic nature of the system, the distributed network infrastructure, the lack of standards and guidelines, and the increased consequences of security breaches. Given these factors, information security risk assessment in the IIoT requires a comprehensive approach adapted to the peculiarities and requirements of a particular system and industry. It is necessary to use specialized risk assessment methods and to take into account the context and peculiarities of the system. The method of information security risk assessment in the IIoT, based on the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy set theory, is proposed. This paper analyzes information security threats for IIoT systems, from which the most significant criteria are selected. The rules, bas...
In this article was attempts to solve the problem of (+) over evaluated and/or (–) under evaluate... more In this article was attempts to solve the problem of (+) over evaluated and/or (–) under evaluated inter-sectoral flows in monetary terms, final demand budgets and value of employment, as well as technological and structural coefficients of the input-output table for statistics economics of Kazakhstan for 2018. Then using mathematical programming problems minimizing the objective function Euclidean distance between value of employment and final demand, total outlays, and total output, as well as using technical and structural coefficients of economic statistics was evaluation of equalization of flows of input-output table of flows and budgets. In particular, the value of the statistics of flows of agricultural sector, manufacturing, and service sector, respectively, was over evaluated by 0.1987, 1.2503 and under evaluated by 1.449 billion U.S. dollars in 2018. And the value employment flows, respectively, was under evaluated by 0.5513, 6.4375 and over evaluated by 6.9787 billion U.S. dollars.
In this research considers of the problems of (+) over- and/or (–) under- evaluation of aggregate... more In this research considers of the problems of (+) over- and/or (–) under- evaluation of aggregated flows in monetary terms of accounts and budgets of the agents of two sectoral economies, – agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing industry and the rest of national economics. To achieve the goal of the study, the input-output table statistical data obtained from the reports of the Asian Development Bank for 2007-2020 for the Republic of Kazakhstan at current prices in of U.S. billions of dollars. Here was determined the time phases of divergence, convergence, and equilibrium of the values of such macroeconomic indicators as inter-industry Produce / selling and Purchase / buying, Gross value added and Final demand, Imports and Exports. The results obtained based on this systematic research on input-output analysis can be used in decision-making in macroeconomic policy in the face of external challenges and uncertainty.
In this paper, based on OECD statistical data for 1995-2018 and the Input-Output model, a systema... more In this paper, based on OECD statistical data for 1995-2018 and the Input-Output model, a systematic study of the industrial and innovative development of the construction sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out. As, for the Produce / selling and Purchase / buying, the Gross value added and Final demand, the Import and Export transactions of structural agents, estimates are given and the bands of the left-hand critical, the left-sided moderate, the equilibrium, the right-sided moderate, the right-sided critical are confidence intervals constructed. Further, based on the erogeneity of the value of the standard deviation, the distributions of the absolute frequencies of the flows of transactions along the bands of confidence intervals are estimated, which, in turn, allow us to assess the state and condition of equilibrium of the industrial and innovative development of the construction industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
In this paper has been studied a two-sector input-output model between Wholesale and retail trade... more In this paper has been studied a two-sector input-output model between Wholesale and retail trade industry and Rest of economics. Here, the distribution of the total Input transactions between supply agents of Produce / selling, Gross value added and Import and the distribution of the total Output transactions between Purchase / buying, Final demand and Export consumer agents of the wholesale and retail trade industry create overheating and cooling uncertainty problems of national economy and problems of moderate and critical management of national economy. Particularly identified, – the convergence phase for Produce / selling transactions from 0.577 (or 14.89%) in 1995 to 3.849 U.S. billion dollars (or 14.29%) in 2011 to the state of Equilibrium growth and the divergence phase from 3.779 (or 14.11%) in 2012 to 0.569 U.S. billion dollars (or 3.10%) in 2018 from the state of Equilibrium growth, and also in accordance with the rules of “three sigma” from 24 years of observation in 20 ...
In this research considers of the problems of (+) over- and/or (–) under- evaluation of aggregate... more In this research considers of the problems of (+) over- and/or (–) under- evaluation of aggregated flows in monetary terms of accounts and budgets of the agents of two sectoral economies, – agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing industry and the rest of national economics. To achieve the goal of the study, the input-output table statistical data obtained from the reports of the Asian Development Bank for 2007-2020 for the Republic of Kazakhstan at current prices in of U.S. billions of dollars. Here was determined the time phases of divergence, convergence, and equilibrium of the values of such macroeconomic indicators as inter-industry Produce / selling and Purchase / buying, Gross value added and Final demand, Imports and Exports. The results obtained based on this systematic research on input-output analysis can be used in decision-making in macroeconomic policy in the face of external challenges and uncertainty.
In this article was attempts to solve the problem of (+) over evaluated and/or (–) under evaluate... more In this article was attempts to solve the problem of (+) over evaluated and/or (–) under evaluated inter-sectoral flows in monetary terms, final demand budgets and value of employment, as well as technological and structural coefficients of the input-output table for statistics economics of Kazakhstan for 2018. Then using mathematical programming problems minimizing the objective function Euclidean distance between value of employment and final demand, total outlays, and total output, as well as using technical and structural coefficients of economic statistics was evaluation of equalization of flows of input-output table of flows and budgets. In particular, the value of the statistics of flows of agricultural sector, manufacturing, and service sector, respectively, was over evaluated by 0.1987, 1.2503 and under evaluated by 1.449 billion U.S. dollars in 2018. And the value employment flows, respectively, was under evaluated by 0.5513, 6.4375 and over evaluated by 6.9787 billion U.S. dollars.
This article addresses the issue of information security in the Industrial Internet of Things (II... more This article addresses the issue of information security in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environment. Information security risk assessment in the IIoT is complicated by several factors: the complexity and heterogeneity of the system, the dynamic nature of the system, the distributed network infrastructure, the lack of standards and guidelines, and the increased consequences of security breaches. Given these factors, information security risk assessment in the IIoT requires a comprehensive approach adapted to the peculiarities and requirements of a particular system and industry. It is necessary to use specialized risk assessment methods and to take into account the context and peculiarities of the system. The method of information security risk assessment in the IIoT, based on the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy set theory, is proposed. This paper analyzes information security threats for IIoT systems, from which the most significant criteria are selected. The rules, bas...
In this article was attempts to solve the problem of (+) over evaluated and/or (–) under evaluate... more In this article was attempts to solve the problem of (+) over evaluated and/or (–) under evaluated inter-sectoral flows in monetary terms, final demand budgets and value of employment, as well as technological and structural coefficients of the input-output table for statistics economics of Kazakhstan for 2018. Then using mathematical programming problems minimizing the objective function Euclidean distance between value of employment and final demand, total outlays, and total output, as well as using technical and structural coefficients of economic statistics was evaluation of equalization of flows of input-output table of flows and budgets. In particular, the value of the statistics of flows of agricultural sector, manufacturing, and service sector, respectively, was over evaluated by 0.1987, 1.2503 and under evaluated by 1.449 billion U.S. dollars in 2018. And the value employment flows, respectively, was under evaluated by 0.5513, 6.4375 and over evaluated by 6.9787 billion U.S. dollars.
In this research considers of the problems of (+) over- and/or (–) under- evaluation of aggregate... more In this research considers of the problems of (+) over- and/or (–) under- evaluation of aggregated flows in monetary terms of accounts and budgets of the agents of two sectoral economies, – agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing industry and the rest of national economics. To achieve the goal of the study, the input-output table statistical data obtained from the reports of the Asian Development Bank for 2007-2020 for the Republic of Kazakhstan at current prices in of U.S. billions of dollars. Here was determined the time phases of divergence, convergence, and equilibrium of the values of such macroeconomic indicators as inter-industry Produce / selling and Purchase / buying, Gross value added and Final demand, Imports and Exports. The results obtained based on this systematic research on input-output analysis can be used in decision-making in macroeconomic policy in the face of external challenges and uncertainty.
In this paper, based on OECD statistical data for 1995-2018 and the Input-Output model, a systema... more In this paper, based on OECD statistical data for 1995-2018 and the Input-Output model, a systematic study of the industrial and innovative development of the construction sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out. As, for the Produce / selling and Purchase / buying, the Gross value added and Final demand, the Import and Export transactions of structural agents, estimates are given and the bands of the left-hand critical, the left-sided moderate, the equilibrium, the right-sided moderate, the right-sided critical are confidence intervals constructed. Further, based on the erogeneity of the value of the standard deviation, the distributions of the absolute frequencies of the flows of transactions along the bands of confidence intervals are estimated, which, in turn, allow us to assess the state and condition of equilibrium of the industrial and innovative development of the construction industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
In this paper has been studied a two-sector input-output model between Wholesale and retail trade... more In this paper has been studied a two-sector input-output model between Wholesale and retail trade industry and Rest of economics. Here, the distribution of the total Input transactions between supply agents of Produce / selling, Gross value added and Import and the distribution of the total Output transactions between Purchase / buying, Final demand and Export consumer agents of the wholesale and retail trade industry create overheating and cooling uncertainty problems of national economy and problems of moderate and critical management of national economy. Particularly identified, – the convergence phase for Produce / selling transactions from 0.577 (or 14.89%) in 1995 to 3.849 U.S. billion dollars (or 14.29%) in 2011 to the state of Equilibrium growth and the divergence phase from 3.779 (or 14.11%) in 2012 to 0.569 U.S. billion dollars (or 3.10%) in 2018 from the state of Equilibrium growth, and also in accordance with the rules of “three sigma” from 24 years of observation in 20 ...
In this research considers of the problems of (+) over- and/or (–) under- evaluation of aggregate... more In this research considers of the problems of (+) over- and/or (–) under- evaluation of aggregated flows in monetary terms of accounts and budgets of the agents of two sectoral economies, – agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing industry and the rest of national economics. To achieve the goal of the study, the input-output table statistical data obtained from the reports of the Asian Development Bank for 2007-2020 for the Republic of Kazakhstan at current prices in of U.S. billions of dollars. Here was determined the time phases of divergence, convergence, and equilibrium of the values of such macroeconomic indicators as inter-industry Produce / selling and Purchase / buying, Gross value added and Final demand, Imports and Exports. The results obtained based on this systematic research on input-output analysis can be used in decision-making in macroeconomic policy in the face of external challenges and uncertainty.
In this article was attempts to solve the problem of (+) over evaluated and/or (–) under evaluate... more In this article was attempts to solve the problem of (+) over evaluated and/or (–) under evaluated inter-sectoral flows in monetary terms, final demand budgets and value of employment, as well as technological and structural coefficients of the input-output table for statistics economics of Kazakhstan for 2018. Then using mathematical programming problems minimizing the objective function Euclidean distance between value of employment and final demand, total outlays, and total output, as well as using technical and structural coefficients of economic statistics was evaluation of equalization of flows of input-output table of flows and budgets. In particular, the value of the statistics of flows of agricultural sector, manufacturing, and service sector, respectively, was over evaluated by 0.1987, 1.2503 and under evaluated by 1.449 billion U.S. dollars in 2018. And the value employment flows, respectively, was under evaluated by 0.5513, 6.4375 and over evaluated by 6.9787 billion U.S. dollars.
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