In arid and semi-arid areas where available water resources are very limited, the application of ... more In arid and semi-arid areas where available water resources are very limited, the application of unconventional sources of water like the fog is of paramount importance. In this paper, the feasibility of using a standard fog collector (SFC) to collect fog water for complementary irrigation of rainfed wheat in the Abi-beyglu area was investigated. For this purpose, collected water volume was measured on a daily basis during fog time in 2021. The water demand of the winter wheat was estimated by the FAO Penman–Monteith equation under dry and normal conditions. Then the contribution of the collected water to supply the water demand of the wheat and the resultant increase in the yield under two different scenarios, namely complementary irrigation with 30 and 60 mm of collected water, was estimated using the AquaCrop model. Results showed that it is feasible to obtain an average water production of 3.6 L/m2/day over the studied period. Upon irrigation with 30 and 60 mm of collected water...
Attaining sustainable agriculture requires water consumption management. A water allocation optim... more Attaining sustainable agriculture requires water consumption management. A water allocation optimization model was developed for the Moghan irrigation network (northwest of Iran) based on the AquaCrop plug-in model. The genetic algorithm was applied to optimize water allocation for five main crops, including wheat, first-cultivation maize, second-cultivation maize, soybeans, and alfalfa. The heuristic economic utility (EU) function was used as the objective function to optimize water allocation. In this function, drained water salinity was applied as a penalty factor to the total benefit, and soil salinity deterioration due to irrigation was also considered as a factor in each crop’s benefit. The results showed that the optimal allocated water depth was 17% less than the normal water consumption. Moreover, the application of soil water salinity coefficients did not affect the ratio of EU to EB (economic benefits) for wheat and alfalfa. However, first-cultivation maize, second-cultiv...
In recent years, the growing population and the need to supply water for domestic, and health, an... more In recent years, the growing population and the need to supply water for domestic, and health, and agriculture sectors have led to the establishment of industrial centers in developing countries. The onset of drought in most countries has challenged surface water, groundwater, dams, and reservoirs. Iran is among those countries, which is located in a dry and semi-arid region. These factors made managers and decision-makers in this field make appropriate rules and regulations for the use of limited water resources. In this paper, the Vensim dynamic model was applied to properly exploit the Yamchi Dam water and groundwater resources in the Ardabil plain in Iran and allocate these resources in the agriculture, industry, and drinking sectors. By defining different scenarios, it was found that pressurized irrigation and changing the crop pattern scenarios are the most appropriate options for water management in the Yamchi basin. In this scenario, known as G in the model, 62% of the netw...
Groundwater has a fundamental role in economic activities and daily life of people and water stor... more Groundwater has a fundamental role in economic activities and daily life of people and water storage in aquifer requires less investment economically. Natural and anthropogenic phenomena in recent decades have caused critical conditions and fall in groundwater table. In such situations artificial groundwater recharge is amongst the most important management strategies. Thus, to infiltration of additional water sources in the ground, while strengthening the groundwater table, the water level rose and the problems caused by the loss of subsidence, reducing the capacity of the aquifer will be minimal. In arid and semi-arid environments such as Iran the amount of artificial recharge of aquifers is far more vital to the sustainable use of water than it is in humid regions. In the present study, suitable areas artificial for groundwater recharge in Ardabil plain have been identified using Fuzzy AHP method. For this aim, the parameters consist of geology, unsaturated thickness zone, slope ...
Improving the efficiency of water use in the presence of a water market is an issue that, under t... more Improving the efficiency of water use in the presence of a water market is an issue that, under the current constraints of water resources in the country, can guide the water management sector. This paper deals with the economic impacts of water market development. For this purpose, the effects of water market development by applying different pricing scenarios were investigated using a mathematical model (PMP). First, the economic value of different agricultural crops in the study area was estimated, then considering the average water tariff in agricultural lands and the economic value of water, by adopting different prices (water tariff, final cost and economic value), probable cropping pattern changes were calculated at Sabalan irrigation network. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the economic value of water and its tariff. As water prices rise, crop cultivated areas, yields and net gross profit decline. Alfalfa with the 58% decrease in cultivation...
Research Aim:In recent years, the growing population and the need to supply water for domestic, a... more Research Aim:In recent years, the growing population and the need to supply water for domestic, and health and agriculture sectors have led to the establishment of industrial centers in developing countries. The onset of drought in most countries, including Iran, which is located in dry and semi-arid region, has challenged he sources of surface and groundwater, dams and reservoirs. These factors made managers and decision makers in this field to take appropriate rules and regulations for the use of limited water resources. In this regard, various scenarios and planning models are used to address management of water resource issues the most important of which a model that has the necessary dynamics to allocate and optimally use existing resources and respond to the needs of different agricultural and industrial sectors. Due to the increasing trend in water rights and their variety in basin, optimal allocation of water resources is very importance. In this regard, mathematical models ...
In this thesis, effect of the side crest angle on the efficiency of the hydraulically optimal pia... more In this thesis, effect of the side crest angle on the efficiency of the hydraulically optimal piano key weir has been experimentally studied. Discharge coefficient of the piano key weirs (extracted from the head-discharge curves) has been investigated and it has been compared with the discharge coefficient of the rectangular and trapezoidal labyrinth weirs with the same plan shape as the piano key weirs. In the second step, in order to understand the hydraulics of the different parts of the non-linear weirs, numerical modelling of the tested weirs have been performed. for a same upstream head, discharge proportion of the different parts of the weirs have been determined and the flow field between the different weir types has been compared. Results showed that by increasing the side crest angle of the labyrinth weirs, the flow distributes more uniformly over the side crests and this phenomenon enhances the efficiency of this type of hydraulic structure. On the other hand, by increasi...
The purpose of this study is to forecast the inflow to Yamchi and Sabalan reservoirs using three ... more The purpose of this study is to forecast the inflow to Yamchi and Sabalan reservoirs using three methods: Time Series, Artificial Neural Network and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System. Research method: Seven ARIMA models with different orders in time series method, 28 models with different number of neurons in Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method and 28 models with different number of membership functions in Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were considered. Findings: Based on the result the best model for inflow forecasting with time series method in both Yamchi and Sabalan dam basins is ARIMA (6,0,0) model. In Artificial Neural Network and Neuro-Fuzzy System in the Sabalan Dam basin, the model includes flow parameters with time delay of one and 12 months, and in the Yamchi dam basin at those methods, the model includes flow parameters with time delay of one and 12 months, the average temperature with time delay one month and rainfall with time delay 12 month was c...
Confluence zones in rivers have been attracting a lot of attention due to their importance from d... more Confluence zones in rivers have been attracting a lot of attention due to their importance from different perspectives. Using numerical models for investigating river confluences has not been going on for a long time and there are still a lot to be discovered in this field. This research is attempting to reach a better understanding of flow structure at confluence of curved rivers and meander bends. The present research was conducted in multiple stages. Firstly, the turbulent flow pattern at the perpendicular confluence zone of two straight rivers has been simulated by two and three dimensional numerical models using FLUENT software package. Numerical results of this simulation have been compared with experimental measurements conducted by Schumate and Weber (1998). Secondly, the flow pattern at a meander and then at the perpendicular confluence zone of a meander river and a straight river has been simulated by three dimensional numerical models using FLUENT software package. Numeri...
Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater, 2021
In recent years, the growing population and the need to supply water for domestic, and health, an... more In recent years, the growing population and the need to supply water for domestic, and health, and agriculture sectors have led to the establishment of industrial centers in developing countries. The onset of drought in most countries has challenged surface water, groundwater, dams, and reservoirs. Iran is among those countries, which is located in a dry and semi-arid region. These factors made managers and decision-makers in this field make appropriate rules and regulations for the use of limited water resources. In this paper, the Vensim dynamic model was applied to properly exploit the Yamchi dam water and groundwater resources in the Ardabil plain in Iran and allocate these resources in the agriculture, industry, and drinking sectors. By defining different scenarios, it was found that pressurized irrigation and changing the crop pattern scenarios are the most appropriate options for water management in the Yamchi basin. In this scenario, known as G in the model, 62 % of the netw...
In arid and semi-arid areas where available water resources are very limited, the application of ... more In arid and semi-arid areas where available water resources are very limited, the application of unconventional sources of water like the fog is of paramount importance. In this paper, the feasibility of using a standard fog collector (SFC) to collect fog water for complementary irrigation of rainfed wheat in the Abi-beyglu area was investigated. For this purpose, collected water volume was measured on a daily basis during fog time in 2021. The water demand of the winter wheat was estimated by the FAO Penman–Monteith equation under dry and normal conditions. Then the contribution of the collected water to supply the water demand of the wheat and the resultant increase in the yield under two different scenarios, namely complementary irrigation with 30 and 60 mm of collected water, was estimated using the AquaCrop model. Results showed that it is feasible to obtain an average water production of 3.6 L/m2/day over the studied period. Upon irrigation with 30 and 60 mm of collected water...
Attaining sustainable agriculture requires water consumption management. A water allocation optim... more Attaining sustainable agriculture requires water consumption management. A water allocation optimization model was developed for the Moghan irrigation network (northwest of Iran) based on the AquaCrop plug-in model. The genetic algorithm was applied to optimize water allocation for five main crops, including wheat, first-cultivation maize, second-cultivation maize, soybeans, and alfalfa. The heuristic economic utility (EU) function was used as the objective function to optimize water allocation. In this function, drained water salinity was applied as a penalty factor to the total benefit, and soil salinity deterioration due to irrigation was also considered as a factor in each crop’s benefit. The results showed that the optimal allocated water depth was 17% less than the normal water consumption. Moreover, the application of soil water salinity coefficients did not affect the ratio of EU to EB (economic benefits) for wheat and alfalfa. However, first-cultivation maize, second-cultiv...
In recent years, the growing population and the need to supply water for domestic, and health, an... more In recent years, the growing population and the need to supply water for domestic, and health, and agriculture sectors have led to the establishment of industrial centers in developing countries. The onset of drought in most countries has challenged surface water, groundwater, dams, and reservoirs. Iran is among those countries, which is located in a dry and semi-arid region. These factors made managers and decision-makers in this field make appropriate rules and regulations for the use of limited water resources. In this paper, the Vensim dynamic model was applied to properly exploit the Yamchi Dam water and groundwater resources in the Ardabil plain in Iran and allocate these resources in the agriculture, industry, and drinking sectors. By defining different scenarios, it was found that pressurized irrigation and changing the crop pattern scenarios are the most appropriate options for water management in the Yamchi basin. In this scenario, known as G in the model, 62% of the netw...
Groundwater has a fundamental role in economic activities and daily life of people and water stor... more Groundwater has a fundamental role in economic activities and daily life of people and water storage in aquifer requires less investment economically. Natural and anthropogenic phenomena in recent decades have caused critical conditions and fall in groundwater table. In such situations artificial groundwater recharge is amongst the most important management strategies. Thus, to infiltration of additional water sources in the ground, while strengthening the groundwater table, the water level rose and the problems caused by the loss of subsidence, reducing the capacity of the aquifer will be minimal. In arid and semi-arid environments such as Iran the amount of artificial recharge of aquifers is far more vital to the sustainable use of water than it is in humid regions. In the present study, suitable areas artificial for groundwater recharge in Ardabil plain have been identified using Fuzzy AHP method. For this aim, the parameters consist of geology, unsaturated thickness zone, slope ...
Improving the efficiency of water use in the presence of a water market is an issue that, under t... more Improving the efficiency of water use in the presence of a water market is an issue that, under the current constraints of water resources in the country, can guide the water management sector. This paper deals with the economic impacts of water market development. For this purpose, the effects of water market development by applying different pricing scenarios were investigated using a mathematical model (PMP). First, the economic value of different agricultural crops in the study area was estimated, then considering the average water tariff in agricultural lands and the economic value of water, by adopting different prices (water tariff, final cost and economic value), probable cropping pattern changes were calculated at Sabalan irrigation network. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the economic value of water and its tariff. As water prices rise, crop cultivated areas, yields and net gross profit decline. Alfalfa with the 58% decrease in cultivation...
Research Aim:In recent years, the growing population and the need to supply water for domestic, a... more Research Aim:In recent years, the growing population and the need to supply water for domestic, and health and agriculture sectors have led to the establishment of industrial centers in developing countries. The onset of drought in most countries, including Iran, which is located in dry and semi-arid region, has challenged he sources of surface and groundwater, dams and reservoirs. These factors made managers and decision makers in this field to take appropriate rules and regulations for the use of limited water resources. In this regard, various scenarios and planning models are used to address management of water resource issues the most important of which a model that has the necessary dynamics to allocate and optimally use existing resources and respond to the needs of different agricultural and industrial sectors. Due to the increasing trend in water rights and their variety in basin, optimal allocation of water resources is very importance. In this regard, mathematical models ...
In this thesis, effect of the side crest angle on the efficiency of the hydraulically optimal pia... more In this thesis, effect of the side crest angle on the efficiency of the hydraulically optimal piano key weir has been experimentally studied. Discharge coefficient of the piano key weirs (extracted from the head-discharge curves) has been investigated and it has been compared with the discharge coefficient of the rectangular and trapezoidal labyrinth weirs with the same plan shape as the piano key weirs. In the second step, in order to understand the hydraulics of the different parts of the non-linear weirs, numerical modelling of the tested weirs have been performed. for a same upstream head, discharge proportion of the different parts of the weirs have been determined and the flow field between the different weir types has been compared. Results showed that by increasing the side crest angle of the labyrinth weirs, the flow distributes more uniformly over the side crests and this phenomenon enhances the efficiency of this type of hydraulic structure. On the other hand, by increasi...
The purpose of this study is to forecast the inflow to Yamchi and Sabalan reservoirs using three ... more The purpose of this study is to forecast the inflow to Yamchi and Sabalan reservoirs using three methods: Time Series, Artificial Neural Network and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System. Research method: Seven ARIMA models with different orders in time series method, 28 models with different number of neurons in Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method and 28 models with different number of membership functions in Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were considered. Findings: Based on the result the best model for inflow forecasting with time series method in both Yamchi and Sabalan dam basins is ARIMA (6,0,0) model. In Artificial Neural Network and Neuro-Fuzzy System in the Sabalan Dam basin, the model includes flow parameters with time delay of one and 12 months, and in the Yamchi dam basin at those methods, the model includes flow parameters with time delay of one and 12 months, the average temperature with time delay one month and rainfall with time delay 12 month was c...
Confluence zones in rivers have been attracting a lot of attention due to their importance from d... more Confluence zones in rivers have been attracting a lot of attention due to their importance from different perspectives. Using numerical models for investigating river confluences has not been going on for a long time and there are still a lot to be discovered in this field. This research is attempting to reach a better understanding of flow structure at confluence of curved rivers and meander bends. The present research was conducted in multiple stages. Firstly, the turbulent flow pattern at the perpendicular confluence zone of two straight rivers has been simulated by two and three dimensional numerical models using FLUENT software package. Numerical results of this simulation have been compared with experimental measurements conducted by Schumate and Weber (1998). Secondly, the flow pattern at a meander and then at the perpendicular confluence zone of a meander river and a straight river has been simulated by three dimensional numerical models using FLUENT software package. Numeri...
Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater, 2021
In recent years, the growing population and the need to supply water for domestic, and health, an... more In recent years, the growing population and the need to supply water for domestic, and health, and agriculture sectors have led to the establishment of industrial centers in developing countries. The onset of drought in most countries has challenged surface water, groundwater, dams, and reservoirs. Iran is among those countries, which is located in a dry and semi-arid region. These factors made managers and decision-makers in this field make appropriate rules and regulations for the use of limited water resources. In this paper, the Vensim dynamic model was applied to properly exploit the Yamchi dam water and groundwater resources in the Ardabil plain in Iran and allocate these resources in the agriculture, industry, and drinking sectors. By defining different scenarios, it was found that pressurized irrigation and changing the crop pattern scenarios are the most appropriate options for water management in the Yamchi basin. In this scenario, known as G in the model, 62 % of the netw...
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