International Journal of Entomology Research, 2024
Tribolium castaneum is a major storage insect pest that infests a variety of food commodities, in... more Tribolium castaneum is a major storage insect pest that infests a variety of food commodities, including cereals and dry fruits. The present study aimed to determine its preferences among three major cereal grains: wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa). The experiments were conducted under ambient laboratory conditions (30.5±3°C and 65±5 RH) and beetles were allowed to complete their bionomics among different cereal grains. The population growth index of the insect was also measured among cereal grains. Results revealed that wheat grains were significantly preferred by the insect, exhibiting the shortest duration of the development period (29.85 days) and the highest growth index (2.329). Rice grains occupied the second position with a development period of 31.82 days and a growth index of 2.026. However, maize grains were found to be the least preferred compared to wheat and rice, having a development period of 33.52 days and a growth index of 1.845, respectively.
Consequently, with the geometrically rising world population and the increasing pressure on food ... more Consequently, with the geometrically rising world population and the increasing pressure on food items, it has become increasingly necessary to increase food production from the present level. The possibility of achieving this is not only to increase production but also to protect the crops cultivated. Crop protection can be achieved through several means. One of such is the use of pesticides. This paper, therefore, reviews the use of neem extracts as bio-pesticides among other plant species with inherent pesticidal activities. It is no doubt that the chemical pesticides or insecticides possess inherent toxic substances that endangers the ecological environment, operators of application equipment, and consumers of agricultural products. It is therefore important that we encourage the use of biological pesticides as they affect only target pests, are easily biodegradable, increase farmland fertility, are environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and simple to availability. It is also important that because of the low cost of production of biopesticides it should be encouraged as an option in India in agricultural practices.
Conventional pesticides are synthetic chemicals (or agrochemicals). They generally work by direct... more Conventional pesticides are synthetic chemicals (or agrochemicals). They generally work by directly killing or inactivating pests. Biopesticides, on the other hand, are naturally occurring bioactive organisms or substances. Biopesticides may directly kill harmful organisms, or they may work indirectly by interfering with the reproduction or simply repelling pests with substances they don't like. Most biopesticides do not provide a "quick kill", but rather suppress pests so that they can be managed over time. They also tend to decompose quickly and leave fewer residues on food and in the environment. Conventional Pesticides refers to synthetic substances as active ingredient while in biopesticides the active ingredient is derived from natural materials, such us, plants, fungi, entomopathogenic virus, nematodes, etc. Pesticides are chemical compounds that are used to kill pests.
Various types of pesticides have specific and crucial role in agriculture. Without the use of pes... more Various types of pesticides have specific and crucial role in agriculture. Without the use of pesticides, it is not possible to feed about 7 billion people worldwide. Pesticides play a crucial role in preventing the crops from a large number of pests, insects and plant diseases leading to a significant increase in the crop production across the world. To control the insects, fungi and other harmful organisms, pesticides and several chemicals are used in agriculture. Every human and animal consumes food to keep its body fit and healthy. For a fit, immune and a healthy body, the purity of food is very important. However, the uncontrolled use of pesticides in the field of agriculture has become a matter of concern for the health of humans and animals because they have a great effect on our immune system and the functioning of our body. The present study deals with the effects of pesticides and other chemical substances used in agriculture on our body and is an effort to provide some suggestions to reduce this problem.
The harmful effects of hazardous chemicals used in agriculture on human health and environment ar... more The harmful effects of hazardous chemicals used in agriculture on human health and environment are well known to all. In the last few decades, uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, pesticides was encouraged for increasing crop production. Due to this, though the production increased, but the quality of agricultural products was badly affected, which caused many serious environmental problems to arise. As a result, alternatives of agricultural chemicals are being explored all over the world including India and efforts are being made to promote the use of biochemicals in place of chemical substances. Many plant products are being used in place of chemicals. The present paper is based on the alternative use of agricultural chemicals for plant products. This includes the utility of 27 plants as biopesticides has been included. These plants are described with their botanical name, family, local and English names, useful parts and methods of usage.
Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is a highly detrimental insect pest of wheat, causing critical damag... more Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is a highly detrimental insect pest of wheat, causing critical damage to a diverse variety of precious food products during storage. It is a globally distributed insect pest with remarkable adaptability to survive in diverse atmospheric conditions. Synthetic insecticides and fumigation have been the major choices for insect pest management on a global scale. However, the utilization of chemicals results in adverse consequences for both environmental ecosystems and human well-being. Consequently, the exploration of sustainable options has become a critical need in recent times. This study aims to promote insect pest management using biological approaches. To accomplish this objective, laboratory experiments were undertaken to assess the efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) and its derivatives, viz., bark, seed, leaf and flower against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). The assessments were made by measuring the percentages of adult mortality and adult emergence. The findings of this study revealed that each treatment efficiently induced adult mortality and significantly reduced the percentage of adult emergence in comparison to the control. Subsequently, neem seed powder was found to be superior among treatments, exhibiting the highest adult mortality and the lowest percentage of adult emergence, followed by neem leaf, neem bark, and neem flower. The present investigation demonstrated that neem and its derivatives exhibit insecticidal activities, thereby emerging as a potential alternative for synthetic pest management techniques.
Insects-pests cause a considerable loss to solanceous crops like tomato and brinjal. Present inve... more Insects-pests cause a considerable loss to solanceous crops like tomato and brinjal. Present investigations were conducted at C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during 2017-18 and 2018-2019. There are many insect-pests causing a great loss in tomato crop. Among them, cabbage green semilooper was found to cause severe damage to tomato. Keywords : Fluctuation, Varieties, Green Semilooper, Tomato
The behavioral changes observed due to induced conditions of hypoxia in experimental Grey Quails ... more The behavioral changes observed due to induced conditions of hypoxia in experimental Grey Quails (Coturnix coturnix) included swelling, slower breathing, and later signs of unconsciousness. The changes observed due to induced conditions of hypoxia in serum protein after electrophoresis showed the absence of certain proteins, whose synthesis were checked when conditions were not favorable. There were indications of proteins whose synthesis were initiated in unfavorable conditions and proteins whose synthesis were enhanced under conditions of stress. Such kind of study has not been documented in aves very strongly and so this work has its importance in this aspect.
The pineal hormone melatonin controls reproduction of photoperiodic mammals and is an integral pa... more The pineal hormone melatonin controls reproduction of photoperiodic mammals and is an integral part of the circadian rhythm in birds. This hormone is involved in physiological processes including growth, development, and aging. Melatonin is rhythmically synthesised and released by the avain pineal gland and it imposes periodicity in different aspects of bird life. The acclimatized quails (12 males, 8 females) were housed in groups of four in wire net cages. 0.1 ml pineal extract was administered intramuscularly. The birds were kept under two photoperiodic regimes group II (23L: 1D) and group III (23 D: 1L) in male grey quails and under natural conditions (NDL) in female grey quails. Data was analysed using students't’ test. Slightly (P > 0.025) rise in body weight of males was found in group II and fall in group III were observed compared with pretreatment. Highly significant (P > 0.005) increase in group II and decrease in group III was observed in volume of testis post t...
International Journal of Entomology Research, 2024
Tribolium castaneum is a major storage insect pest that infests a variety of food commodities, in... more Tribolium castaneum is a major storage insect pest that infests a variety of food commodities, including cereals and dry fruits. The present study aimed to determine its preferences among three major cereal grains: wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa). The experiments were conducted under ambient laboratory conditions (30.5±3°C and 65±5 RH) and beetles were allowed to complete their bionomics among different cereal grains. The population growth index of the insect was also measured among cereal grains. Results revealed that wheat grains were significantly preferred by the insect, exhibiting the shortest duration of the development period (29.85 days) and the highest growth index (2.329). Rice grains occupied the second position with a development period of 31.82 days and a growth index of 2.026. However, maize grains were found to be the least preferred compared to wheat and rice, having a development period of 33.52 days and a growth index of 1.845, respectively.
Consequently, with the geometrically rising world population and the increasing pressure on food ... more Consequently, with the geometrically rising world population and the increasing pressure on food items, it has become increasingly necessary to increase food production from the present level. The possibility of achieving this is not only to increase production but also to protect the crops cultivated. Crop protection can be achieved through several means. One of such is the use of pesticides. This paper, therefore, reviews the use of neem extracts as bio-pesticides among other plant species with inherent pesticidal activities. It is no doubt that the chemical pesticides or insecticides possess inherent toxic substances that endangers the ecological environment, operators of application equipment, and consumers of agricultural products. It is therefore important that we encourage the use of biological pesticides as they affect only target pests, are easily biodegradable, increase farmland fertility, are environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and simple to availability. It is also important that because of the low cost of production of biopesticides it should be encouraged as an option in India in agricultural practices.
Conventional pesticides are synthetic chemicals (or agrochemicals). They generally work by direct... more Conventional pesticides are synthetic chemicals (or agrochemicals). They generally work by directly killing or inactivating pests. Biopesticides, on the other hand, are naturally occurring bioactive organisms or substances. Biopesticides may directly kill harmful organisms, or they may work indirectly by interfering with the reproduction or simply repelling pests with substances they don't like. Most biopesticides do not provide a "quick kill", but rather suppress pests so that they can be managed over time. They also tend to decompose quickly and leave fewer residues on food and in the environment. Conventional Pesticides refers to synthetic substances as active ingredient while in biopesticides the active ingredient is derived from natural materials, such us, plants, fungi, entomopathogenic virus, nematodes, etc. Pesticides are chemical compounds that are used to kill pests.
Various types of pesticides have specific and crucial role in agriculture. Without the use of pes... more Various types of pesticides have specific and crucial role in agriculture. Without the use of pesticides, it is not possible to feed about 7 billion people worldwide. Pesticides play a crucial role in preventing the crops from a large number of pests, insects and plant diseases leading to a significant increase in the crop production across the world. To control the insects, fungi and other harmful organisms, pesticides and several chemicals are used in agriculture. Every human and animal consumes food to keep its body fit and healthy. For a fit, immune and a healthy body, the purity of food is very important. However, the uncontrolled use of pesticides in the field of agriculture has become a matter of concern for the health of humans and animals because they have a great effect on our immune system and the functioning of our body. The present study deals with the effects of pesticides and other chemical substances used in agriculture on our body and is an effort to provide some suggestions to reduce this problem.
The harmful effects of hazardous chemicals used in agriculture on human health and environment ar... more The harmful effects of hazardous chemicals used in agriculture on human health and environment are well known to all. In the last few decades, uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, pesticides was encouraged for increasing crop production. Due to this, though the production increased, but the quality of agricultural products was badly affected, which caused many serious environmental problems to arise. As a result, alternatives of agricultural chemicals are being explored all over the world including India and efforts are being made to promote the use of biochemicals in place of chemical substances. Many plant products are being used in place of chemicals. The present paper is based on the alternative use of agricultural chemicals for plant products. This includes the utility of 27 plants as biopesticides has been included. These plants are described with their botanical name, family, local and English names, useful parts and methods of usage.
Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is a highly detrimental insect pest of wheat, causing critical damag... more Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is a highly detrimental insect pest of wheat, causing critical damage to a diverse variety of precious food products during storage. It is a globally distributed insect pest with remarkable adaptability to survive in diverse atmospheric conditions. Synthetic insecticides and fumigation have been the major choices for insect pest management on a global scale. However, the utilization of chemicals results in adverse consequences for both environmental ecosystems and human well-being. Consequently, the exploration of sustainable options has become a critical need in recent times. This study aims to promote insect pest management using biological approaches. To accomplish this objective, laboratory experiments were undertaken to assess the efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) and its derivatives, viz., bark, seed, leaf and flower against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). The assessments were made by measuring the percentages of adult mortality and adult emergence. The findings of this study revealed that each treatment efficiently induced adult mortality and significantly reduced the percentage of adult emergence in comparison to the control. Subsequently, neem seed powder was found to be superior among treatments, exhibiting the highest adult mortality and the lowest percentage of adult emergence, followed by neem leaf, neem bark, and neem flower. The present investigation demonstrated that neem and its derivatives exhibit insecticidal activities, thereby emerging as a potential alternative for synthetic pest management techniques.
Insects-pests cause a considerable loss to solanceous crops like tomato and brinjal. Present inve... more Insects-pests cause a considerable loss to solanceous crops like tomato and brinjal. Present investigations were conducted at C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during 2017-18 and 2018-2019. There are many insect-pests causing a great loss in tomato crop. Among them, cabbage green semilooper was found to cause severe damage to tomato. Keywords : Fluctuation, Varieties, Green Semilooper, Tomato
The behavioral changes observed due to induced conditions of hypoxia in experimental Grey Quails ... more The behavioral changes observed due to induced conditions of hypoxia in experimental Grey Quails (Coturnix coturnix) included swelling, slower breathing, and later signs of unconsciousness. The changes observed due to induced conditions of hypoxia in serum protein after electrophoresis showed the absence of certain proteins, whose synthesis were checked when conditions were not favorable. There were indications of proteins whose synthesis were initiated in unfavorable conditions and proteins whose synthesis were enhanced under conditions of stress. Such kind of study has not been documented in aves very strongly and so this work has its importance in this aspect.
The pineal hormone melatonin controls reproduction of photoperiodic mammals and is an integral pa... more The pineal hormone melatonin controls reproduction of photoperiodic mammals and is an integral part of the circadian rhythm in birds. This hormone is involved in physiological processes including growth, development, and aging. Melatonin is rhythmically synthesised and released by the avain pineal gland and it imposes periodicity in different aspects of bird life. The acclimatized quails (12 males, 8 females) were housed in groups of four in wire net cages. 0.1 ml pineal extract was administered intramuscularly. The birds were kept under two photoperiodic regimes group II (23L: 1D) and group III (23 D: 1L) in male grey quails and under natural conditions (NDL) in female grey quails. Data was analysed using students't’ test. Slightly (P > 0.025) rise in body weight of males was found in group II and fall in group III were observed compared with pretreatment. Highly significant (P > 0.005) increase in group II and decrease in group III was observed in volume of testis post t...
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Keywords : Fluctuation, Varieties, Green Semilooper, Tomato
Keywords : Fluctuation, Varieties, Green Semilooper, Tomato