A mastite, um processo inflamatorio da glândula mamaria, e a enfermidade mais prevalente em reban... more A mastite, um processo inflamatorio da glândula mamaria, e a enfermidade mais prevalente em rebanhos bovinos destinados a producao leiteira, impactando negativamente a economia desse setor (LANGONI et al., 2011). Um rebanho com 15% de ocorrencia de mastite bovina pode apresentar 60% de perda de receita bruta (LOPES et al., 2012). Embora a mastite possa ser ocasionada por inumeros patogenos, bacterias do genero Staphylococcus spp. tem sido um dos agentes etiologicos mais frequentemente isolados em casos de infeccoes intramamarias em ruminantes, com destaque para Staphylococcus aureus (DE VLIEGHER et al., 2012). Dentre os diversos fatores de virulencia que este genero apresenta, a capacidade de adesao no epitelio da glândula mamaria e considerada um ponto critico na patogenia da mastite, pois determina maior resistencia a acao dos antibioticos e dos produtos utilizados nos procedimentos de higienizacao (HERMANS; DEVRIESE; HAEZEBROUCK, 2010; MARQUES et al., 2007). Estrategias de pesqui...
Uncaria guianensis is native to the Amazon and is used traditionally as an anti-inflammatory. Nat... more Uncaria guianensis is native to the Amazon and is used traditionally as an anti-inflammatory. Natural populations of the species have declined markedly in recent times because of strong anthropic pressure brought about by deforestation and indiscriminate collection. The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic and chemical diversity among eight natural populations of U. guianensis located in the Brazilian states of Acre, Amapá and Amazonas. A set of four primer combinations was employed in sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) amplifications of leaf DNA, and the fragments were analyzed in an LI-COR model 4300 DNA Analyzer. Genetic variability within the populations (81%) was substantially greater than that detected between them (19%). The highest percentage of polymorphic loci (90.21%) and the largest genetic variability were observed in the population located in Mazagão, Amapá. Genetic differentiation between populations was high (Fst = 0.188) and the studied pop...
This study aimed to isolate and identify flavonoids with hypoglycemic activity in Costus spiralis... more This study aimed to isolate and identify flavonoids with hypoglycemic activity in Costus spiralis leaves. The methanolic extract (ME) was rich in flavonoids, while the powdered leaves (PL) contained considerable amounts of macro and microelements. Oral acute treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for 18 h with the C. spiralis PL, ME and isolated guajaverin (GUA) lowered glycemia, improved oral glucose tolerance and inhibited liver lipid peroxidation. GUA and ME lowered plasma levels of low-density and non-high density lipoproteins; GUA also lowered total cholesterol levels. PL, ME, and GUA did not significantly alter the plasma levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins, creatinine, and aspartate transaminase, and the total protein levels in the kidney and liver tissues. Therefore, C. spiralis leaves are promising raw materials and rich sources of bioactive flavonoids for the development of novel antidiabetic drugs due to their...
This study aims to describe the availability of herbal medicines and medicinal plants in the prim... more This study aims to describe the availability of herbal medicines and medicinal plants in the primary care facilities in the state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil, from the results of the first cycle of the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (PMAQ). The PMAQ uses a national cross-sectional multicenter design, with data from 4,249 health facilities distributed among 645 municipalities of the state of São Paulo. Of these facilities, 467 (11%) had herbal medicines and/or medicinal plants. Among the 645 municipalities, 104 (16.1%) had at least one health facility that provided these drugs. We observed that the availability of herbal medicines is greater in larger cities with better social and economic conditions. Furthermore, we found that use of industrialized herbal medicines prevailed over that of vegetal drugs or compounded herbal medicines.
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, Jan 4, 2017
This study investigated the anesthetic potential of the essential oil (EO) of Aloysia polystachya... more This study investigated the anesthetic potential of the essential oil (EO) of Aloysia polystachya in juveniles of dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus). Fish were exposed to different concentrations of EO of A. polystachya to evaluate time of induction and recovery from anesthesia. In the second experiment, fish were divided into four groups: control, ethanol and 50 or 300 µL L-1 EO of A. polystachya, and each group was submitted to induction for 3.5 min and recovery for 5 or 10 min. The blood gases and glucose levels showed alterations as a function of the recovery times, but Na+ and K+ levels did not show any alteration. In conclusion, the EO from leaves of A. polystachya is an effective anesthetic for dusky grouper, because anesthesia was reached within the recommended time at EO concentrations of 300 and 400 µL L-1. However, most evaluated blood parameters showed compensatory responses due to EO exposure.
RESUMO:The effects of anesthesia with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (EOO) in parameters... more RESUMO:The effects of anesthesia with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (EOO) in parameters of stress after handling were investigated in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). EOO was obtained from the aerial parts by hydrodistillation. Juveniles were anesthetized with 70 or 300 mg L-1 EOO and submitted to air exposure for 1 minute. The fishes were sampled immediately or transferred to anesthetic-free aquaria until sampling. In the first experiment, juveniles had their blood collected at 0, 1, 4, and 8 h after handling to assay plasma cortisol and blood glucose levels. The unanesthetized animals were restrained manually for blood collection. In the second experiment, water samples of the recovery aquaria were collected to evaluate net ion fluxes at 0 - 4 h and 4 - 8 h. Water and ethanol controls were also performed under the same conditions. The results showed that the cortisol levels did not differ among the treatments. Hyperglycemia was verified in fish exposed to 70 and 300 mg L...
Establishment of adventitious root cultures ofPeritassa campestris(Celastraceae) was achieved fro... more Establishment of adventitious root cultures ofPeritassa campestris(Celastraceae) was achieved from seed cotyledons cultured in semisolid Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with 2% sucrose, 0.01% PVP, and 4.0 mg L−1IBA. Culture period on accumulation of biomass and quinone-methide triterpene maytenin in adventitious root were investigated. The accumulation of maytenin in these roots was compared with its accumulation in the roots of seedlings grown in a greenhouse (one year old). A rapid detection and identification of maytenin by direct injection into an atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometer (APCI-IT-MS/MS) were performed without prior chromatographic separation.In vitro, the greatest accumulation of biomass occurred within 60 days of culture. The highest level of maytenin—972.11 μg·g−1dry weight—was detected at seven days of cultivation; this value was 5.55-fold higher than that found in the roots of seedlings grown in a greenhouse.
A Macrosyphonia velame é uma planta medicinal do Cerrado, pertencente à família Apocynaceae, e co... more A Macrosyphonia velame é uma planta medicinal do Cerrado, pertencente à família Apocynaceae, e conhecida popularmente como velame branco. Extratos de raízes de velame são utilizados pela população como depurativo e anti-sifilítico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver o protocolo de micropropagação de M. velame, com vistas à conservação da espécie em Banco do Germoplasma in vitro. Sementes foram coletadas nos municípios de Sacramento, Tapira e Araxá, MG, e utilizadas como fonte de explantes. Segmentos nodais de plântulas axênicas foram transferidos para meio MS/2 suplementado com BAP, Cinetina, 2ip e TDZ em diferentes concentrações (0,25; 5,0 e 1,0mg L-1). Para o enraizamento, brotações com 2cm de altura foram transferidas para meios MS/2 suplementado com 1,0; 5,0; e 10,0mg L-1 de IBA ou ANA e cultivadas por 5, 10 e 30 dias, sendo em seguida subcultivadas em MS/2 por mais trinta dias e só então avaliadas quanto à formação de raízes. Na aclimatização e enraizamento ex vitro, ...
Essential oil from Cochlospermum regium (Schrank) Pilg. leaves (CR-EO) has been extracted by hydr... more Essential oil from Cochlospermum regium (Schrank) Pilg. leaves (CR-EO) has been extracted by hydrodistillation; we analysed the CR-EO by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We also conducted histochemical analysis on cross-sections of the central vein of young and adult leaves. A total of 32 compounds were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed, which represented 94.87% of the total CR-EO oil content. The CR-EO basically consisted of sesquiterpenes (96.87%); its main component was β-copaen-4-α-ol (18.73%), followed by viridiflorol (12.67%). The histochemical analyses identified the main classes of compounds present in both young and adult leaves.
Objectives The purpose of the present work was to characterize the pharmacological profile of dif... more Objectives The purpose of the present work was to characterize the pharmacological profile of different L. alba chemotypes and to correlate the obtained data to the presence of chemical constituents detected by phytochemical analysis. Methods Essential oils from each L. alba chemotype (LP1—LP7) were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and extracted non-volatile compounds were analysed by HPLC and GC-MS. The anticonvulsant actions of the extracted compounds were studied in pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizures in mice and their effect on motor coordination was studied using the rota-rod test in rats. The synaptosomes and synaptic membranes of the rats were examined for the influence of LP3 chemotype extract on GABA uptake and binding experiments. Key findings Behavioural parameters encompassed by the pentylenetetrazole test indicated that 80% ethanolic extracts of LP1, LP3 and LP6 L. alba chemotypes were more effective as anticonvulsant agents. Neuroche...
The biosynthetic route for epoxyangelate esters of the sesquiterpene lactones (STL) uvedalin and ... more The biosynthetic route for epoxyangelate esters of the sesquiterpene lactones (STL) uvedalin and enhydrin from in vitro cultures of Smallanthus sonchifolius (Asteraceae) was investigated with (13)C-precursors for the first time in the literature. Photomicroscope analyses and studies using MALDI-MS imaging confirmed that glandular trichomes accumulate STL.
A mastite, um processo inflamatorio da glândula mamaria, e a enfermidade mais prevalente em reban... more A mastite, um processo inflamatorio da glândula mamaria, e a enfermidade mais prevalente em rebanhos bovinos destinados a producao leiteira, impactando negativamente a economia desse setor (LANGONI et al., 2011). Um rebanho com 15% de ocorrencia de mastite bovina pode apresentar 60% de perda de receita bruta (LOPES et al., 2012). Embora a mastite possa ser ocasionada por inumeros patogenos, bacterias do genero Staphylococcus spp. tem sido um dos agentes etiologicos mais frequentemente isolados em casos de infeccoes intramamarias em ruminantes, com destaque para Staphylococcus aureus (DE VLIEGHER et al., 2012). Dentre os diversos fatores de virulencia que este genero apresenta, a capacidade de adesao no epitelio da glândula mamaria e considerada um ponto critico na patogenia da mastite, pois determina maior resistencia a acao dos antibioticos e dos produtos utilizados nos procedimentos de higienizacao (HERMANS; DEVRIESE; HAEZEBROUCK, 2010; MARQUES et al., 2007). Estrategias de pesqui...
Uncaria guianensis is native to the Amazon and is used traditionally as an anti-inflammatory. Nat... more Uncaria guianensis is native to the Amazon and is used traditionally as an anti-inflammatory. Natural populations of the species have declined markedly in recent times because of strong anthropic pressure brought about by deforestation and indiscriminate collection. The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic and chemical diversity among eight natural populations of U. guianensis located in the Brazilian states of Acre, Amapá and Amazonas. A set of four primer combinations was employed in sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) amplifications of leaf DNA, and the fragments were analyzed in an LI-COR model 4300 DNA Analyzer. Genetic variability within the populations (81%) was substantially greater than that detected between them (19%). The highest percentage of polymorphic loci (90.21%) and the largest genetic variability were observed in the population located in Mazagão, Amapá. Genetic differentiation between populations was high (Fst = 0.188) and the studied pop...
This study aimed to isolate and identify flavonoids with hypoglycemic activity in Costus spiralis... more This study aimed to isolate and identify flavonoids with hypoglycemic activity in Costus spiralis leaves. The methanolic extract (ME) was rich in flavonoids, while the powdered leaves (PL) contained considerable amounts of macro and microelements. Oral acute treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for 18 h with the C. spiralis PL, ME and isolated guajaverin (GUA) lowered glycemia, improved oral glucose tolerance and inhibited liver lipid peroxidation. GUA and ME lowered plasma levels of low-density and non-high density lipoproteins; GUA also lowered total cholesterol levels. PL, ME, and GUA did not significantly alter the plasma levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins, creatinine, and aspartate transaminase, and the total protein levels in the kidney and liver tissues. Therefore, C. spiralis leaves are promising raw materials and rich sources of bioactive flavonoids for the development of novel antidiabetic drugs due to their...
This study aims to describe the availability of herbal medicines and medicinal plants in the prim... more This study aims to describe the availability of herbal medicines and medicinal plants in the primary care facilities in the state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil, from the results of the first cycle of the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (PMAQ). The PMAQ uses a national cross-sectional multicenter design, with data from 4,249 health facilities distributed among 645 municipalities of the state of São Paulo. Of these facilities, 467 (11%) had herbal medicines and/or medicinal plants. Among the 645 municipalities, 104 (16.1%) had at least one health facility that provided these drugs. We observed that the availability of herbal medicines is greater in larger cities with better social and economic conditions. Furthermore, we found that use of industrialized herbal medicines prevailed over that of vegetal drugs or compounded herbal medicines.
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, Jan 4, 2017
This study investigated the anesthetic potential of the essential oil (EO) of Aloysia polystachya... more This study investigated the anesthetic potential of the essential oil (EO) of Aloysia polystachya in juveniles of dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus). Fish were exposed to different concentrations of EO of A. polystachya to evaluate time of induction and recovery from anesthesia. In the second experiment, fish were divided into four groups: control, ethanol and 50 or 300 µL L-1 EO of A. polystachya, and each group was submitted to induction for 3.5 min and recovery for 5 or 10 min. The blood gases and glucose levels showed alterations as a function of the recovery times, but Na+ and K+ levels did not show any alteration. In conclusion, the EO from leaves of A. polystachya is an effective anesthetic for dusky grouper, because anesthesia was reached within the recommended time at EO concentrations of 300 and 400 µL L-1. However, most evaluated blood parameters showed compensatory responses due to EO exposure.
RESUMO:The effects of anesthesia with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (EOO) in parameters... more RESUMO:The effects of anesthesia with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (EOO) in parameters of stress after handling were investigated in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). EOO was obtained from the aerial parts by hydrodistillation. Juveniles were anesthetized with 70 or 300 mg L-1 EOO and submitted to air exposure for 1 minute. The fishes were sampled immediately or transferred to anesthetic-free aquaria until sampling. In the first experiment, juveniles had their blood collected at 0, 1, 4, and 8 h after handling to assay plasma cortisol and blood glucose levels. The unanesthetized animals were restrained manually for blood collection. In the second experiment, water samples of the recovery aquaria were collected to evaluate net ion fluxes at 0 - 4 h and 4 - 8 h. Water and ethanol controls were also performed under the same conditions. The results showed that the cortisol levels did not differ among the treatments. Hyperglycemia was verified in fish exposed to 70 and 300 mg L...
Establishment of adventitious root cultures ofPeritassa campestris(Celastraceae) was achieved fro... more Establishment of adventitious root cultures ofPeritassa campestris(Celastraceae) was achieved from seed cotyledons cultured in semisolid Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with 2% sucrose, 0.01% PVP, and 4.0 mg L−1IBA. Culture period on accumulation of biomass and quinone-methide triterpene maytenin in adventitious root were investigated. The accumulation of maytenin in these roots was compared with its accumulation in the roots of seedlings grown in a greenhouse (one year old). A rapid detection and identification of maytenin by direct injection into an atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometer (APCI-IT-MS/MS) were performed without prior chromatographic separation.In vitro, the greatest accumulation of biomass occurred within 60 days of culture. The highest level of maytenin—972.11 μg·g−1dry weight—was detected at seven days of cultivation; this value was 5.55-fold higher than that found in the roots of seedlings grown in a greenhouse.
A Macrosyphonia velame é uma planta medicinal do Cerrado, pertencente à família Apocynaceae, e co... more A Macrosyphonia velame é uma planta medicinal do Cerrado, pertencente à família Apocynaceae, e conhecida popularmente como velame branco. Extratos de raízes de velame são utilizados pela população como depurativo e anti-sifilítico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver o protocolo de micropropagação de M. velame, com vistas à conservação da espécie em Banco do Germoplasma in vitro. Sementes foram coletadas nos municípios de Sacramento, Tapira e Araxá, MG, e utilizadas como fonte de explantes. Segmentos nodais de plântulas axênicas foram transferidos para meio MS/2 suplementado com BAP, Cinetina, 2ip e TDZ em diferentes concentrações (0,25; 5,0 e 1,0mg L-1). Para o enraizamento, brotações com 2cm de altura foram transferidas para meios MS/2 suplementado com 1,0; 5,0; e 10,0mg L-1 de IBA ou ANA e cultivadas por 5, 10 e 30 dias, sendo em seguida subcultivadas em MS/2 por mais trinta dias e só então avaliadas quanto à formação de raízes. Na aclimatização e enraizamento ex vitro, ...
Essential oil from Cochlospermum regium (Schrank) Pilg. leaves (CR-EO) has been extracted by hydr... more Essential oil from Cochlospermum regium (Schrank) Pilg. leaves (CR-EO) has been extracted by hydrodistillation; we analysed the CR-EO by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We also conducted histochemical analysis on cross-sections of the central vein of young and adult leaves. A total of 32 compounds were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed, which represented 94.87% of the total CR-EO oil content. The CR-EO basically consisted of sesquiterpenes (96.87%); its main component was β-copaen-4-α-ol (18.73%), followed by viridiflorol (12.67%). The histochemical analyses identified the main classes of compounds present in both young and adult leaves.
Objectives The purpose of the present work was to characterize the pharmacological profile of dif... more Objectives The purpose of the present work was to characterize the pharmacological profile of different L. alba chemotypes and to correlate the obtained data to the presence of chemical constituents detected by phytochemical analysis. Methods Essential oils from each L. alba chemotype (LP1—LP7) were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and extracted non-volatile compounds were analysed by HPLC and GC-MS. The anticonvulsant actions of the extracted compounds were studied in pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizures in mice and their effect on motor coordination was studied using the rota-rod test in rats. The synaptosomes and synaptic membranes of the rats were examined for the influence of LP3 chemotype extract on GABA uptake and binding experiments. Key findings Behavioural parameters encompassed by the pentylenetetrazole test indicated that 80% ethanolic extracts of LP1, LP3 and LP6 L. alba chemotypes were more effective as anticonvulsant agents. Neuroche...
The biosynthetic route for epoxyangelate esters of the sesquiterpene lactones (STL) uvedalin and ... more The biosynthetic route for epoxyangelate esters of the sesquiterpene lactones (STL) uvedalin and enhydrin from in vitro cultures of Smallanthus sonchifolius (Asteraceae) was investigated with (13)C-precursors for the first time in the literature. Photomicroscope analyses and studies using MALDI-MS imaging confirmed that glandular trichomes accumulate STL.
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