Las abejas son un grupo extremadamente diverso con más de 1000 especies descritas en la península... more Las abejas son un grupo extremadamente diverso con más de 1000 especies descritas en la península ibérica. Además, son excelentes polinizadores y aportan numerosos servicios ecosistémicos fundamentales para la mayoría de ecosistemas terrestres. Debido a los diversos cambios ambientales inducidos por el ser humano, existen evidencias del declive de algunas de sus poblaciones para ciertas especies. Sin embargo, conocemos muy poco del estado de conservación de la mayoría de especies y de muchas de ellas ignoramos cuál es su distribución en la península ibérica. En este trabajo presentamos un esfuerzo colaborativo para crear una base de datos de ocurrencias de abejas que abarca la península ibérica e islas Baleares que permitirá resolver cuestiones como la distribución de las diferentes especies, preferencia de hábitat, fenología o tendencias históricas. En su versión actual, esta base de datos contiene un total de 87 684 registros de 923 especies recolectados entre 1830 y 2022, de los ...
Syrphid flies are important ecological indicators and provide crucial ecosystem services, being i... more Syrphid flies are important ecological indicators and provide crucial ecosystem services, being important pollinators and biological control agents of insect pests. These charismatic insects are conspicuous and, due to their size and colourful patterns, are relatively easy to identify. However, the lack of user-friendly literature (e.g. photographic guides) for most areas may hamper its wider selection as a study group in biodiversity and ecological studies. The syrphid fauna of Madeira Archipelago comprises 26 species, including four endemics (Eumerus hispidus Smit, Aguiar & Wakeham-Dawson, 2004; Melanostoma wollastoni Wakeham-Dawson, Aguiar, Smit, McCullough & Wyatt, 2004; Myathropa usta, Wollaston, 1858 and Xanthandrus babyssa, Walker, 1849), but, despite the current good taxonomic knowledge on this group, information on species distribution, ecology and conservation is still lacking. Here, we provide a pictorial key to the adult hoverflies of Madeira Archipelago highlighting dia...
<i>Trupanea insularum</i> (Becker, 1908) <b>Material examined</b>. <b&... more <i>Trupanea insularum</i> (Becker, 1908) <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Madeira:</b> Pico do Areeiro (1 female); Ponta de São Lourenço (2 females); Ribeira da Janela (2 females); <b>Porto Santo:</b> Pico Branco (1 female); <b>Desertas:</b> Bugio (1 female). <b>Remarks.</b> This is a rare endemic species of Madeira and the Canary Islands. In spite of the few records, this species has been found in different habitats such as the laurel forest (Merz 1992) or along the coast on sea cliffs (Smit 2006). Larvae of <i>T. insularum</i> have been reared on <i>Andryala</i> spp (Merz 1992; Smit 2006). Our record from Bugio is the first for Desertas islands.
Oedosphenella Frey 1936: 93Frey 1936: 93; Munro 1957: 47; Merz 1992: 226; Norrbom <i>et al&... more Oedosphenella Frey 1936: 93Frey 1936: 93; Munro 1957: 47; Merz 1992: 226; Norrbom <i>et al</i>. 1999: 177. Type species: <i>Tephritis canariensis</i> Macquart 1843 (by monotypy). <i>Bevismyia</i> Munro 1957: 48; Cogan & Munro 1980: 544; Norrbom <i>et al</i>. 1999: 105, <b>new synonym.</b>Type species: <i>Bevismyia basuto</i> Munro 1957 (by original designation). <b>Diagnosis.</b> The genus <i>Oedosphenella</i> can be separated from other genera of Tephritidae by the following combination of characters. Head with two pairs of frontal setae and two pairs of reclinate orbital setae, the anterior acuminate, the posterior lanceolate. Postocular setae a mixture of black reclinate and white lanceolate. Frons with some white setulae in the middle. Two pairs of well-developed scutellar setae present. Scutellum either strongly convex and shiny or at most slightly convex and dull. Posterior notopleu...
<i>Tephritis praecox</i> (Loew, 1844) <b>Material examined</b>. <b>... more <i>Tephritis praecox</i> (Loew, 1844) <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Madeira:</b> Ponta de São Lourenço (1 female, 2 males); <b>Desertas:</b> Castanheira (1 female, 3 males). <b>Remarks.</b><i>Tephritis praecox</i> can be found from Europe to Central Asia (Mohamadzade Namin &amp; Rasoulian 2010; Korneyev &amp; Klasa 2016). It is a specialist species that breeds in plants of genus <i>Calendula</i>, such as the Madeiran endemic <i>C. maderensis</i> (Smit 2006; Mohamadzade Namin &amp; Rasoulian 2010).Although uncommon in Madeira archipelago, this species can be found in a wide range of habitats in the Canary Islands (Merz 1992). The species is here reported for the first time from Desertas.
<i>Campiglossa valida</i> (Wollaston, 1858) <b>Material examined</b>. <... more <i>Campiglossa valida</i> (Wollaston, 1858) <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Madeira:</b> Bica da Cana (1 male); Folhadal (1 female); <b>Porto Santo:</b> Cabeço da Ponta (1 female); Serra de Fora (1 male). <b>Remarks.</b><i>Campiglossa valida</i> is endemic to the Madeira and Canary archipelagos. Unlike to its sister species <i>C. producta</i>, this species seems to breed only in plants of genus <i>Argyranthemum</i> (Merz 1992; Smit 2006). The previous records of this species were concentrated in the south of Madeira, but it was now found in different habitats (laurel forest and altitudinal heathland) and at much higher altitudes, extending considerably its known distribution.
<i>Campiglossa sororcula</i> (Wiedemann, 1830) <b>Material examined</b>. ... more <i>Campiglossa sororcula</i> (Wiedemann, 1830) <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Madeira:</b> Balcões (1 female); Boca da Corrida (3 females, 1 male); Calheta (2 males); Caniçal (8 females, 13 males); Chão da Ribeira (6 females, 8 males); Encumeada (2 males); Paul da Serra (1 female; 2 males); Ponta de São Lourenço (1 female, 2 males); Porto Novo (16 females, 15 males); Ribeira Brava (8 females, 9 males); Ribeira da Janela (2 males); <b>Porto Santo:</b> Pico do Castelo (1 female); Morenos (1 male); Serra de Fora (3 females, 3 males). <b>Remarks.</b><i>Campiglossa sororcula</i> was previously placed in the genus <i>Dioxyna</i> Frey, 1945. However, a study on DNA barcoding by Smit <i>et al</i>. (2013) showed that this genus was placed within the genus <i>Campiglossa</i> and was recently formally synonymized by Han &amp; Ro (2019). This species is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Larvae attack flower heads of <i>Bidens</i> sp. and other weeds (Kapoor 2005; Starr &amp; Starr 2011). This fly can be found in a variety of habitats from natural to urban areas (Kapoor 2005) and is the most common and widespread tephritid in Madeira Island (Smit 2006). Our records from Porto Santo are the first reported for the island.
<i>Campiglossa producta</i> (Loew, 1844) <b>Material examined</b>. <b&... more <i>Campiglossa producta</i> (Loew, 1844) <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Madeira:</b> Balcões (1 female); Chão da Ribeira (1 male); Encumeada (2 males); Desembarcadouro (3 males); Estanquinhos (1 female); Folhadal (1 female, 1 male); Lombo do Mouro (1 female); Ponta de São Lourenço (2 females, 1 male); Ribeira Brava (1 female); Ribeira da Janela (2 males); <b>Porto Santo:</b> Pico do Castelo (1 male); Morenos (2 females); Pico Branco (1 female); Serra de Fora (2 females); <b>Desertas:</b> Bugio (1 male). <b>Remarks.</b> This species belongs to one of the largest genera of the family Tephritidae present in the Palaearctic (Norrbom <i>et al</i>. 1999). <i>Campiglossa producta</i> can be found from Central Asia to the Mediterranean Basin and also in Madeira and Canary Islands (Merz 1992; Korneyev &amp; Dirlbek 2000; Merz 2001; Smit 2006; El Harym &amp; Belqat, 2017). It is associated with open habitats and its larvae feed on a wide range of Asteraceae (White 1988; Mohamadzade Namin &amp; Nozari 2015). In Madeira this species is distributed throughout the island and is frequent at high altitudes (Smit 2006). This species was collected for the first time in Desertas Islands and it was confirmed for Porto Santo, from where new distribution data were obtained.
<i>Oedosphenella auriella</i> (Munro 1939) (Figs 1A, 1E)<i>Oedaspis auriella<... more <i>Oedosphenella auriella</i> (Munro 1939) (Figs 1A, 1E)<i>Oedaspis auriella</i> Munro 1939: 45; Cogan &amp; Munro 1980: 540; <i>Oedosphenella auriella</i>: Freidberg &amp; Kaplan 1992: 90; Norrbom <i>et al</i>. 1999: 177. <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype♂: Original labels: "M. / 519", " S.Afr. / Kloof, NP. / Apr. 1935 / W.E. Marriott. ", " Holotype. / Oedaspis / auriella, Mro. / det. HKMunro 1939", "979" (SANC). This species is only known from South Africa. Larvae, as well as puparia were found in spindle-shaped galls on the thin stems of a <i>Senecio</i> sp. (Munro 1939).
PLATE 1. Wings and lateral view of the four species of the genus Oedosphenella. A, E. male holoty... more PLATE 1. Wings and lateral view of the four species of the genus Oedosphenella. A, E. male holotype O. auriella; B, F. male holotype O. basuto; C, G. male holotype O. bob sp. n.; D, H. female O. canariensis. Scale bar indicates 1 mm.
PLATE 4. Wings of the Tephritidae of Madeira. A. Bactrocera oleae; B. Acanthiophilus helianthi; C... more PLATE 4. Wings of the Tephritidae of Madeira. A. Bactrocera oleae; B. Acanthiophilus helianthi; C. Acanthiophilus walkeri; D. Ensina decisa; E. Ceratitis capitata; F. Procecidochares utilis; G. Euleia heraclei; H. Sphenella marginata; I. Oxyaciura tibialis; J. Oedosphenella bob sp. n. Scale bar indicates 1 mm.
Las abejas son un grupo extremadamente diverso con más de 1000 especies descritas en la península... more Las abejas son un grupo extremadamente diverso con más de 1000 especies descritas en la península ibérica. Además, son excelentes polinizadores y aportan numerosos servicios ecosistémicos fundamentales para la mayoría de ecosistemas terrestres. Debido a los diversos cambios ambientales inducidos por el ser humano, existen evidencias del declive de algunas de sus poblaciones para ciertas especies. Sin embargo, conocemos muy poco del estado de conservación de la mayoría de especies y de muchas de ellas ignoramos cuál es su distribución en la península ibérica. En este trabajo presentamos un esfuerzo colaborativo para crear una base de datos de ocurrencias de abejas que abarca la península ibérica e islas Baleares que permitirá resolver cuestiones como la distribución de las diferentes especies, preferencia de hábitat, fenología o tendencias históricas. En su versión actual, esta base de datos contiene un total de 87 684 registros de 923 especies recolectados entre 1830 y 2022, de los ...
Syrphid flies are important ecological indicators and provide crucial ecosystem services, being i... more Syrphid flies are important ecological indicators and provide crucial ecosystem services, being important pollinators and biological control agents of insect pests. These charismatic insects are conspicuous and, due to their size and colourful patterns, are relatively easy to identify. However, the lack of user-friendly literature (e.g. photographic guides) for most areas may hamper its wider selection as a study group in biodiversity and ecological studies. The syrphid fauna of Madeira Archipelago comprises 26 species, including four endemics (Eumerus hispidus Smit, Aguiar & Wakeham-Dawson, 2004; Melanostoma wollastoni Wakeham-Dawson, Aguiar, Smit, McCullough & Wyatt, 2004; Myathropa usta, Wollaston, 1858 and Xanthandrus babyssa, Walker, 1849), but, despite the current good taxonomic knowledge on this group, information on species distribution, ecology and conservation is still lacking. Here, we provide a pictorial key to the adult hoverflies of Madeira Archipelago highlighting dia...
<i>Trupanea insularum</i> (Becker, 1908) <b>Material examined</b>. <b&... more <i>Trupanea insularum</i> (Becker, 1908) <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Madeira:</b> Pico do Areeiro (1 female); Ponta de São Lourenço (2 females); Ribeira da Janela (2 females); <b>Porto Santo:</b> Pico Branco (1 female); <b>Desertas:</b> Bugio (1 female). <b>Remarks.</b> This is a rare endemic species of Madeira and the Canary Islands. In spite of the few records, this species has been found in different habitats such as the laurel forest (Merz 1992) or along the coast on sea cliffs (Smit 2006). Larvae of <i>T. insularum</i> have been reared on <i>Andryala</i> spp (Merz 1992; Smit 2006). Our record from Bugio is the first for Desertas islands.
Oedosphenella Frey 1936: 93Frey 1936: 93; Munro 1957: 47; Merz 1992: 226; Norrbom <i>et al&... more Oedosphenella Frey 1936: 93Frey 1936: 93; Munro 1957: 47; Merz 1992: 226; Norrbom <i>et al</i>. 1999: 177. Type species: <i>Tephritis canariensis</i> Macquart 1843 (by monotypy). <i>Bevismyia</i> Munro 1957: 48; Cogan & Munro 1980: 544; Norrbom <i>et al</i>. 1999: 105, <b>new synonym.</b>Type species: <i>Bevismyia basuto</i> Munro 1957 (by original designation). <b>Diagnosis.</b> The genus <i>Oedosphenella</i> can be separated from other genera of Tephritidae by the following combination of characters. Head with two pairs of frontal setae and two pairs of reclinate orbital setae, the anterior acuminate, the posterior lanceolate. Postocular setae a mixture of black reclinate and white lanceolate. Frons with some white setulae in the middle. Two pairs of well-developed scutellar setae present. Scutellum either strongly convex and shiny or at most slightly convex and dull. Posterior notopleu...
<i>Tephritis praecox</i> (Loew, 1844) <b>Material examined</b>. <b>... more <i>Tephritis praecox</i> (Loew, 1844) <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Madeira:</b> Ponta de São Lourenço (1 female, 2 males); <b>Desertas:</b> Castanheira (1 female, 3 males). <b>Remarks.</b><i>Tephritis praecox</i> can be found from Europe to Central Asia (Mohamadzade Namin &amp; Rasoulian 2010; Korneyev &amp; Klasa 2016). It is a specialist species that breeds in plants of genus <i>Calendula</i>, such as the Madeiran endemic <i>C. maderensis</i> (Smit 2006; Mohamadzade Namin &amp; Rasoulian 2010).Although uncommon in Madeira archipelago, this species can be found in a wide range of habitats in the Canary Islands (Merz 1992). The species is here reported for the first time from Desertas.
<i>Campiglossa valida</i> (Wollaston, 1858) <b>Material examined</b>. <... more <i>Campiglossa valida</i> (Wollaston, 1858) <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Madeira:</b> Bica da Cana (1 male); Folhadal (1 female); <b>Porto Santo:</b> Cabeço da Ponta (1 female); Serra de Fora (1 male). <b>Remarks.</b><i>Campiglossa valida</i> is endemic to the Madeira and Canary archipelagos. Unlike to its sister species <i>C. producta</i>, this species seems to breed only in plants of genus <i>Argyranthemum</i> (Merz 1992; Smit 2006). The previous records of this species were concentrated in the south of Madeira, but it was now found in different habitats (laurel forest and altitudinal heathland) and at much higher altitudes, extending considerably its known distribution.
<i>Campiglossa sororcula</i> (Wiedemann, 1830) <b>Material examined</b>. ... more <i>Campiglossa sororcula</i> (Wiedemann, 1830) <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Madeira:</b> Balcões (1 female); Boca da Corrida (3 females, 1 male); Calheta (2 males); Caniçal (8 females, 13 males); Chão da Ribeira (6 females, 8 males); Encumeada (2 males); Paul da Serra (1 female; 2 males); Ponta de São Lourenço (1 female, 2 males); Porto Novo (16 females, 15 males); Ribeira Brava (8 females, 9 males); Ribeira da Janela (2 males); <b>Porto Santo:</b> Pico do Castelo (1 female); Morenos (1 male); Serra de Fora (3 females, 3 males). <b>Remarks.</b><i>Campiglossa sororcula</i> was previously placed in the genus <i>Dioxyna</i> Frey, 1945. However, a study on DNA barcoding by Smit <i>et al</i>. (2013) showed that this genus was placed within the genus <i>Campiglossa</i> and was recently formally synonymized by Han &amp; Ro (2019). This species is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Larvae attack flower heads of <i>Bidens</i> sp. and other weeds (Kapoor 2005; Starr &amp; Starr 2011). This fly can be found in a variety of habitats from natural to urban areas (Kapoor 2005) and is the most common and widespread tephritid in Madeira Island (Smit 2006). Our records from Porto Santo are the first reported for the island.
<i>Campiglossa producta</i> (Loew, 1844) <b>Material examined</b>. <b&... more <i>Campiglossa producta</i> (Loew, 1844) <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Madeira:</b> Balcões (1 female); Chão da Ribeira (1 male); Encumeada (2 males); Desembarcadouro (3 males); Estanquinhos (1 female); Folhadal (1 female, 1 male); Lombo do Mouro (1 female); Ponta de São Lourenço (2 females, 1 male); Ribeira Brava (1 female); Ribeira da Janela (2 males); <b>Porto Santo:</b> Pico do Castelo (1 male); Morenos (2 females); Pico Branco (1 female); Serra de Fora (2 females); <b>Desertas:</b> Bugio (1 male). <b>Remarks.</b> This species belongs to one of the largest genera of the family Tephritidae present in the Palaearctic (Norrbom <i>et al</i>. 1999). <i>Campiglossa producta</i> can be found from Central Asia to the Mediterranean Basin and also in Madeira and Canary Islands (Merz 1992; Korneyev &amp; Dirlbek 2000; Merz 2001; Smit 2006; El Harym &amp; Belqat, 2017). It is associated with open habitats and its larvae feed on a wide range of Asteraceae (White 1988; Mohamadzade Namin &amp; Nozari 2015). In Madeira this species is distributed throughout the island and is frequent at high altitudes (Smit 2006). This species was collected for the first time in Desertas Islands and it was confirmed for Porto Santo, from where new distribution data were obtained.
<i>Oedosphenella auriella</i> (Munro 1939) (Figs 1A, 1E)<i>Oedaspis auriella<... more <i>Oedosphenella auriella</i> (Munro 1939) (Figs 1A, 1E)<i>Oedaspis auriella</i> Munro 1939: 45; Cogan &amp; Munro 1980: 540; <i>Oedosphenella auriella</i>: Freidberg &amp; Kaplan 1992: 90; Norrbom <i>et al</i>. 1999: 177. <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype♂: Original labels: "M. / 519", " S.Afr. / Kloof, NP. / Apr. 1935 / W.E. Marriott. ", " Holotype. / Oedaspis / auriella, Mro. / det. HKMunro 1939", "979" (SANC). This species is only known from South Africa. Larvae, as well as puparia were found in spindle-shaped galls on the thin stems of a <i>Senecio</i> sp. (Munro 1939).
PLATE 1. Wings and lateral view of the four species of the genus Oedosphenella. A, E. male holoty... more PLATE 1. Wings and lateral view of the four species of the genus Oedosphenella. A, E. male holotype O. auriella; B, F. male holotype O. basuto; C, G. male holotype O. bob sp. n.; D, H. female O. canariensis. Scale bar indicates 1 mm.
PLATE 4. Wings of the Tephritidae of Madeira. A. Bactrocera oleae; B. Acanthiophilus helianthi; C... more PLATE 4. Wings of the Tephritidae of Madeira. A. Bactrocera oleae; B. Acanthiophilus helianthi; C. Acanthiophilus walkeri; D. Ensina decisa; E. Ceratitis capitata; F. Procecidochares utilis; G. Euleia heraclei; H. Sphenella marginata; I. Oxyaciura tibialis; J. Oedosphenella bob sp. n. Scale bar indicates 1 mm.
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