List of differential expressed genes (DEG). Geneswith fold changes > 1 and FDR < 0.05 were ... more List of differential expressed genes (DEG). Geneswith fold changes > 1 and FDR < 0.05 were defined as DEGs and captured for analysis
American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2020
A mid-thoracic aorta coarcted rat was created to generate a stable pressure difference above vers... more A mid-thoracic aorta coarcted rat was created to generate a stable pressure difference above versus below the coarctation ligature. This study determined that the PVAT around the thoracic aorta exposed to a higher pressure has a significantly reduced ability to assist stress relaxation versus that below the ligature and appears to retain the ability to be anticontractile. At the same time, the PVAT around the thoracic aorta exposed to higher pressure had a reduced adipogenic potential versus that below the ligature. Transcriptomics analyses indicated that PVAT below the coarctation showed the greatest number of DEGs with an increased profile of the synaptic neurotransmitter gene network.
Lipid mobilization in adipose tissues, which includes lipogenesis and lipolysis, is a paramount p... more Lipid mobilization in adipose tissues, which includes lipogenesis and lipolysis, is a paramount process in regulating systemic energy metabolism. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) are byproducts of cellular metabolism that exert signaling functions in several cellular processes, including lipolysis and lipogenesis. During lipolysis, the adipose tissue generates ROS and RNS and thus requires a robust antioxidant response to maintain tight regulation of redox signaling. This review will discuss the production of ROS and RNS within the adipose tissue, their role in regulating lipolysis and lipogenesis, and the implications of antioxidants on lipid mobilization.
Background Periparturient cows release fatty acid reserves from adipose tissue (AT) through lipol... more Background Periparturient cows release fatty acid reserves from adipose tissue (AT) through lipolysis in response to the negative energy balance induced by physiological changes related to parturition and the onset of lactation. However, lipolysis causes inflammation and structural remodeling in AT that in excess predisposes cows to disease. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the periparturient period on the transcriptomic profile of AT using NGS RNAseq. Results Subcutaneous AT samples were collected from Holstein cows (n = 12) at 11 ± 3.6 d before calving date (PreP) and at 6 ± 1d (PP1) and 13 ± 1.4d (PP2) after parturition. Differential expression analyses showed 1946 and 1524 DEG at PP1 and PP2, respectively, compared to PreP. Functional Enrichment Analysis revealed functions grouped in categories such as lipid metabolism, molecular transport, energy production, inflammation, and free radical scavenging to be affected by parturition and the onset of lacta...
The transition period of dairy cows is characterized by changes in the lipid mobilization process... more The transition period of dairy cows is characterized by changes in the lipid mobilization process in adipose tissues (AT) that include enhanced lipolysis and reduced lipogenesis. This imbalance leads to a net release of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) into the AT environment and circulation. Increasing the availability of these energy dense molecules is a mechanism of metabolic adaptation that is necessary to fulfill energy deficits driven by fetal growth and the onset of lactation. However, intense lipolysis and limited rates of lipogenesis lead to a considerable reduction in AT mass during the first 3 weeks after parturition. At the same time, lipolysis induces a remodeling process in AT that is characterized by a moderate inflammatory response with infiltration of macrophages. In cows that transition well into peak lactation, lipolysis decreases and AT inflammation resolves as lactation progresses. Nevertheless, if lipolysis dysregulation occurs and lipolysis rate does not decr...
To sustain the nutrient demands of rapid fetal growth, parturition, and milk synthesis, peripartu... more To sustain the nutrient demands of rapid fetal growth, parturition, and milk synthesis, periparturient dairy cows mobilize adipose tissue fatty acid stores through lipolysis. This process induces an inflammatory response within AT that is resolved as lactation progresses; however, excessive and protracted lipolysis compounds the risk for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The suppression of lipolytic action and inflammation, along with amplification of adipogenesis and lipogenesis, serve as prospective therapeutic targets for improving the health of periparturient dairy cows. Generally, the activation of cannabinoid receptors by endocannabinoids enhances adipogenesis and lipogenesis, suppresses lipolysis, and increases appetite in mammals. These biological effects of activating the endocannabinoid system open the possibility of harnessing the endocannabinoid system through nutritional intervention in dairy herds as a potential tool to improve dairy cows’ health, although much is s...
Oxidative stress has been associated with many pathologies, in both human and animal medicine. Da... more Oxidative stress has been associated with many pathologies, in both human and animal medicine. Damage to tissue components such as lipids is a defining feature of oxidative stress and can lead to the generation of many oxidized products, including isoprostanes (IsoP). First recognized in the early 1990s, IsoP are formed in numerous biological fluids and tissues, chemically stable, and easily measured by noninvasive means. Additionally, IsoP are highly specific indicators of lipid peroxidation and thereby are regarded as excellent biomarkers of oxidative stress. Although there have been many advancements in the detection and use of IsoP as a biomarker, there is still a paucity of knowledge regarding the biological activity of these molecules and their potential roles in pathology of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the use of IsoP has been limited in veterinary species thus far and represents an avenue of opportunity for clinical applications in veterinary practice. Examples of clinica...
The antibiotic trimethoprim targets the bacterial dihydrofolate reductase enzyme and subsequently... more The antibiotic trimethoprim targets the bacterial dihydrofolate reductase enzyme and subsequently affects the entire folate network. We present an expanded mathematical model of trimethoprim’s action on the Escherichia coli folate network that greatly improves upon Kwon et al. (2008). The improvement upon the Kwon Model lends greater insight into the effects of trimethoprim at higher resolution and accuracy. More importantly, the presented mathematical model enables drug target discovery in a way the earlier model could not. Using the improved mathematical model as a scaffold, we use parameter optimization to search for new drug targets that replicate the effect of trimethoprim. We present the model and model-scaffold strategy as an efficient route for drug target discovery.
The periparturient period of dairy cows is characterized by intense lipolysis in adipose tissues ... more The periparturient period of dairy cows is characterized by intense lipolysis in adipose tissues (AT), which induces the release of free fatty acids (FFA) into circulation. Among FFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation and can modulate inflammatory responses during lipolysis within AT. Linoleic and arachidonic acid oxidized products (oxylipids) such as hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids (HODE) and hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), were recently identified as products of lipolysis that could modulate AT inflammation during lipolysis. However, the effect of lipolysis intensity during the transition from gestation to lactation on fatty acid substrate availability and subsequent AT oxylipid biosynthesis is currently unknown. We hypothesized that in periparturient dairy cows, alterations in AT and plasma fatty acids and oxylipid profiles coincide with changes in lipolysis intensity and stage of lactation. Blood and subcutaneous AT samples were collected from peripar...
En los últimos años los mapas en línea o mapas en la web se han convertido en una herramienta imp... more En los últimos años los mapas en línea o mapas en la web se han convertido en una herramienta importante para la difusión de datos espaciales, especialmente en temas como el turismo, debido a que son más útiles y flexibles que los convencionales basados en las características intrínsecas que ellos poseen. Herramientas como los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) que enmarcan igualmente a los llamados SIG en línea (web- GIS o sic -web), permiten desarrollar diferentes aplicaciones basadas en información espacial como la producción de los atlas web, dentro de un ambiente académico.Este artículo presenta los resultados del proyecto de investigación Diseño de un atlas en línea para el Archipiélago de San Andrés y Providencia, cuyo objetivo principal se basó en el desarrollo conceptual y técnico del diseño de una interfaz dinámica e interactiva de un atlas turístico en línea, que permita de la difusión de información geográfica en la red y ayude a fomentar un sector turístico de Col...
This document seeks to provide guidance for a manager, logistics manager or professional in terms... more This document seeks to provide guidance for a manager, logistics manager or professional in terms of solving logistical problems of the company. This guide focuses using different known tools that have been successfully implemented or that are now standard in large companies. You should either know the Modernization Model Management Organizations (MMGO), as this is the starting point for using this guide.
ABSTRACTObjective. To compare four different dry cow treatments (DCT) and establish their effecti... more ABSTRACTObjective. To compare four different dry cow treatments (DCT) and establish their effectiveness in reducing intramammary infections (IIM). Materials and methods. DCTs included systemic tylosin (12g) alone or accompanied by cefapirine intramammary infusions and or an internal teat sealant. A total number of 278 cows at the end of lactation period were randomly assigned to one of 4 dry cow treatment groups: CESE Group (n=89), intramammary cephapirin and teat sealant. TYCESE Group (n=84), intramammary cephapirin, tylosin 12 g intramuscular and teat sealant. TYSE Group (n=86), 12 g intramuscular tylosin and teat sealant; TY Group (n=76) 12 g intramuscular tylosin only. Milk samples for culture were collected at dry-off and 1 and 2 weeks after calving. Somatic cell counts (SCC) were taken from Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHI) tests at dry-off, and the first two test days after calving. Results. Bacteria cure rate for Gram-positive intramammary infections (IMI) for TYCESE ...
El texto aborda el carácter imperativo de la prohibición en el derecho internacional de la comisi... more El texto aborda el carácter imperativo de la prohibición en el derecho internacional de la comisión de crímenes de lesa humanidad, así como la obligación que dé juzgamiento, investigación y sanción de las conductas que constituyen estos crímenes. Asimismo, analiza cómo el concepto de justicia transicional tiene una naturaleza complementaria frente a las mencionadas obligaciones, lo que hace que todo proceso de justicia de transición tenga que construirse en torno al paradigma “no hay paz sin justicia”, y no en sustitución del mismo.
List of differential expressed genes (DEG). Geneswith fold changes > 1 and FDR < 0.05 were ... more List of differential expressed genes (DEG). Geneswith fold changes > 1 and FDR < 0.05 were defined as DEGs and captured for analysis
American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2020
A mid-thoracic aorta coarcted rat was created to generate a stable pressure difference above vers... more A mid-thoracic aorta coarcted rat was created to generate a stable pressure difference above versus below the coarctation ligature. This study determined that the PVAT around the thoracic aorta exposed to a higher pressure has a significantly reduced ability to assist stress relaxation versus that below the ligature and appears to retain the ability to be anticontractile. At the same time, the PVAT around the thoracic aorta exposed to higher pressure had a reduced adipogenic potential versus that below the ligature. Transcriptomics analyses indicated that PVAT below the coarctation showed the greatest number of DEGs with an increased profile of the synaptic neurotransmitter gene network.
Lipid mobilization in adipose tissues, which includes lipogenesis and lipolysis, is a paramount p... more Lipid mobilization in adipose tissues, which includes lipogenesis and lipolysis, is a paramount process in regulating systemic energy metabolism. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) are byproducts of cellular metabolism that exert signaling functions in several cellular processes, including lipolysis and lipogenesis. During lipolysis, the adipose tissue generates ROS and RNS and thus requires a robust antioxidant response to maintain tight regulation of redox signaling. This review will discuss the production of ROS and RNS within the adipose tissue, their role in regulating lipolysis and lipogenesis, and the implications of antioxidants on lipid mobilization.
Background Periparturient cows release fatty acid reserves from adipose tissue (AT) through lipol... more Background Periparturient cows release fatty acid reserves from adipose tissue (AT) through lipolysis in response to the negative energy balance induced by physiological changes related to parturition and the onset of lactation. However, lipolysis causes inflammation and structural remodeling in AT that in excess predisposes cows to disease. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the periparturient period on the transcriptomic profile of AT using NGS RNAseq. Results Subcutaneous AT samples were collected from Holstein cows (n = 12) at 11 ± 3.6 d before calving date (PreP) and at 6 ± 1d (PP1) and 13 ± 1.4d (PP2) after parturition. Differential expression analyses showed 1946 and 1524 DEG at PP1 and PP2, respectively, compared to PreP. Functional Enrichment Analysis revealed functions grouped in categories such as lipid metabolism, molecular transport, energy production, inflammation, and free radical scavenging to be affected by parturition and the onset of lacta...
The transition period of dairy cows is characterized by changes in the lipid mobilization process... more The transition period of dairy cows is characterized by changes in the lipid mobilization process in adipose tissues (AT) that include enhanced lipolysis and reduced lipogenesis. This imbalance leads to a net release of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) into the AT environment and circulation. Increasing the availability of these energy dense molecules is a mechanism of metabolic adaptation that is necessary to fulfill energy deficits driven by fetal growth and the onset of lactation. However, intense lipolysis and limited rates of lipogenesis lead to a considerable reduction in AT mass during the first 3 weeks after parturition. At the same time, lipolysis induces a remodeling process in AT that is characterized by a moderate inflammatory response with infiltration of macrophages. In cows that transition well into peak lactation, lipolysis decreases and AT inflammation resolves as lactation progresses. Nevertheless, if lipolysis dysregulation occurs and lipolysis rate does not decr...
To sustain the nutrient demands of rapid fetal growth, parturition, and milk synthesis, peripartu... more To sustain the nutrient demands of rapid fetal growth, parturition, and milk synthesis, periparturient dairy cows mobilize adipose tissue fatty acid stores through lipolysis. This process induces an inflammatory response within AT that is resolved as lactation progresses; however, excessive and protracted lipolysis compounds the risk for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The suppression of lipolytic action and inflammation, along with amplification of adipogenesis and lipogenesis, serve as prospective therapeutic targets for improving the health of periparturient dairy cows. Generally, the activation of cannabinoid receptors by endocannabinoids enhances adipogenesis and lipogenesis, suppresses lipolysis, and increases appetite in mammals. These biological effects of activating the endocannabinoid system open the possibility of harnessing the endocannabinoid system through nutritional intervention in dairy herds as a potential tool to improve dairy cows’ health, although much is s...
Oxidative stress has been associated with many pathologies, in both human and animal medicine. Da... more Oxidative stress has been associated with many pathologies, in both human and animal medicine. Damage to tissue components such as lipids is a defining feature of oxidative stress and can lead to the generation of many oxidized products, including isoprostanes (IsoP). First recognized in the early 1990s, IsoP are formed in numerous biological fluids and tissues, chemically stable, and easily measured by noninvasive means. Additionally, IsoP are highly specific indicators of lipid peroxidation and thereby are regarded as excellent biomarkers of oxidative stress. Although there have been many advancements in the detection and use of IsoP as a biomarker, there is still a paucity of knowledge regarding the biological activity of these molecules and their potential roles in pathology of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the use of IsoP has been limited in veterinary species thus far and represents an avenue of opportunity for clinical applications in veterinary practice. Examples of clinica...
The antibiotic trimethoprim targets the bacterial dihydrofolate reductase enzyme and subsequently... more The antibiotic trimethoprim targets the bacterial dihydrofolate reductase enzyme and subsequently affects the entire folate network. We present an expanded mathematical model of trimethoprim’s action on the Escherichia coli folate network that greatly improves upon Kwon et al. (2008). The improvement upon the Kwon Model lends greater insight into the effects of trimethoprim at higher resolution and accuracy. More importantly, the presented mathematical model enables drug target discovery in a way the earlier model could not. Using the improved mathematical model as a scaffold, we use parameter optimization to search for new drug targets that replicate the effect of trimethoprim. We present the model and model-scaffold strategy as an efficient route for drug target discovery.
The periparturient period of dairy cows is characterized by intense lipolysis in adipose tissues ... more The periparturient period of dairy cows is characterized by intense lipolysis in adipose tissues (AT), which induces the release of free fatty acids (FFA) into circulation. Among FFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation and can modulate inflammatory responses during lipolysis within AT. Linoleic and arachidonic acid oxidized products (oxylipids) such as hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids (HODE) and hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), were recently identified as products of lipolysis that could modulate AT inflammation during lipolysis. However, the effect of lipolysis intensity during the transition from gestation to lactation on fatty acid substrate availability and subsequent AT oxylipid biosynthesis is currently unknown. We hypothesized that in periparturient dairy cows, alterations in AT and plasma fatty acids and oxylipid profiles coincide with changes in lipolysis intensity and stage of lactation. Blood and subcutaneous AT samples were collected from peripar...
En los últimos años los mapas en línea o mapas en la web se han convertido en una herramienta imp... more En los últimos años los mapas en línea o mapas en la web se han convertido en una herramienta importante para la difusión de datos espaciales, especialmente en temas como el turismo, debido a que son más útiles y flexibles que los convencionales basados en las características intrínsecas que ellos poseen. Herramientas como los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) que enmarcan igualmente a los llamados SIG en línea (web- GIS o sic -web), permiten desarrollar diferentes aplicaciones basadas en información espacial como la producción de los atlas web, dentro de un ambiente académico.Este artículo presenta los resultados del proyecto de investigación Diseño de un atlas en línea para el Archipiélago de San Andrés y Providencia, cuyo objetivo principal se basó en el desarrollo conceptual y técnico del diseño de una interfaz dinámica e interactiva de un atlas turístico en línea, que permita de la difusión de información geográfica en la red y ayude a fomentar un sector turístico de Col...
This document seeks to provide guidance for a manager, logistics manager or professional in terms... more This document seeks to provide guidance for a manager, logistics manager or professional in terms of solving logistical problems of the company. This guide focuses using different known tools that have been successfully implemented or that are now standard in large companies. You should either know the Modernization Model Management Organizations (MMGO), as this is the starting point for using this guide.
ABSTRACTObjective. To compare four different dry cow treatments (DCT) and establish their effecti... more ABSTRACTObjective. To compare four different dry cow treatments (DCT) and establish their effectiveness in reducing intramammary infections (IIM). Materials and methods. DCTs included systemic tylosin (12g) alone or accompanied by cefapirine intramammary infusions and or an internal teat sealant. A total number of 278 cows at the end of lactation period were randomly assigned to one of 4 dry cow treatment groups: CESE Group (n=89), intramammary cephapirin and teat sealant. TYCESE Group (n=84), intramammary cephapirin, tylosin 12 g intramuscular and teat sealant. TYSE Group (n=86), 12 g intramuscular tylosin and teat sealant; TY Group (n=76) 12 g intramuscular tylosin only. Milk samples for culture were collected at dry-off and 1 and 2 weeks after calving. Somatic cell counts (SCC) were taken from Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHI) tests at dry-off, and the first two test days after calving. Results. Bacteria cure rate for Gram-positive intramammary infections (IMI) for TYCESE ...
El texto aborda el carácter imperativo de la prohibición en el derecho internacional de la comisi... more El texto aborda el carácter imperativo de la prohibición en el derecho internacional de la comisión de crímenes de lesa humanidad, así como la obligación que dé juzgamiento, investigación y sanción de las conductas que constituyen estos crímenes. Asimismo, analiza cómo el concepto de justicia transicional tiene una naturaleza complementaria frente a las mencionadas obligaciones, lo que hace que todo proceso de justicia de transición tenga que construirse en torno al paradigma “no hay paz sin justicia”, y no en sustitución del mismo.
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