This study examined the effectiveness of the JeitO condom social marketing (CSM) project in promo... more This study examined the effectiveness of the JeitO condom social marketing (CSM) project in promoting safer sex practices in Mozambique. The data used were taken from a sexual behavior survey conducted by Population Service International on behalf of the National AIDS Control Program in 1996-97. The survey consisted of a multi-stage probability sample of men and women aged 15-49 years living in the urban and periurban areas of all ten provinces of Mozambique. The instrument used for the survey was based on the Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) Surveys. Data were gathered on the respondents sociodemographic characteristics knowledge of AIDS knowledge of a source of condoms awareness of the JeitO condom brand nonregular sexual partnership in the last 12 months and condom use during last sex with a nonregular partner. The findings showed that exposure to the CSM program was high and that more than one-half of 15-49 year olds knew of the social marketing condom brand and source of c...
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 19317611 2011 617810, Nov 29, 2011
Using couple data from a national survey, this article examines couple&am... more Using couple data from a national survey, this article examines couple's characteristics associated with extramarital sex among Nigerian men. We found 15.4% of married men had extramarital sex in the past 12 months. Extramarital sex was significantly associated with men's attitude toward extramarital sex (OR = 1.7 [1.4–3.0]), early sexual debut (OR = 1.9 [1.6–2.3]), alcohol use (OR = 1.7
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1521 Aeap 13 5 438 24144, May 31, 2005
In 1997 to 1998, Population Services International (PSI) carried out a targeted radio campaign in... more In 1997 to 1998, Population Services International (PSI) carried out a targeted radio campaign in Mozambique to promote behavior change for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS. To evaluate the coverage and impact of the campaign, PSI designed and implemented a cross-sectional study using a two-stage random sample of "at-risk" individuals; 754 individuals between the ages of 13 and 49 were interviewed. Over half (52.4%) heard the campaign and 45.5% recalled one or more radio messages. However, recall of specific messages in specific risk groups was low. A multivariate model demonstrates that among those exposed to the radio campaign, 97.2% reported intent to change their sexual behavior compared with 62.8% of those not exposed to the campaign (p < .001). Among those who recalled campaign messages, 86.1% attempted to change their behavior compared with 58% of those who had no message recall (p <.001). Success in changing behavior is significantly higher among those with message recall (83.8%) than those without (56.8%, p < .001). This study illustrates the difficulties in using radio to target a specific group with a corresponding behavior change message. Although general recall of campaign messages was high per target group, the campaign did not succeed in ensuring exposure to the intended target group. The strategy of airing all of the spots simultaneously with different but similar messages resulted in one spot "stepping on" another. Despite the limitations in using radio to target, exposure to the radio campaign has contributed to individual intent to change sexual behavior.
... Dominique Meekers, Francoise Armand, Muyiwa Oladosu, Clayton Davis, and Jill Shumann.Megan Kl... more ... Dominique Meekers, Francoise Armand, Muyiwa Oladosu, Clayton Davis, and Jill Shumann.Megan Klein edited the final version of the paper and provided substantive comments. ... Condoms prevent STDs, AIDS and unwanted pregnancy. 3 Young Females Guida and friend ...
African Journal of Reproductive Health, Dec 1, 2013
Estimating the size of populations most affected by HIV such as men who have sex with men (MSM) t... more Estimating the size of populations most affected by HIV such as men who have sex with men (MSM) though crucial for structuring responses to the epidemic presents significant challenges, especially in a developing society. Using capture-recapture methodology, the size of MSM-SW in Nigeria was estimated in three major cities (Lagos, Kano and Port Harcourt) between July and December 2009. Following interviews with key informants, locations and times when MSM-SW were available to male clients were mapped and designated as "hotspots". Counts were conducted on two consecutive weekends. Population estimates were computed using a standardized Lincoln formula. Fifty-six hotspots were identified in Kano, 38 in Lagos and 42 in Port Harcourt. On a given weekend night, Port Harcourt had the largest estimated population of MSM sex workers, 723 (95% CI: 594-892) followed by Lagos state with 620 (95%CI: 517-724) and Kano state with 353 (95%CI: 332-373). This study documents a large population of MSM-SW in 3 Nigerian cities where higher HIV prevalence among MSM compared to the general population has been documented. Research and programming are needed to better understand and address the health vulnerabilities that MSM-SW and their clients face.
Estimating the size of populations most affected by HIV such as men who have sex with men (MSM) t... more Estimating the size of populations most affected by HIV such as men who have sex with men (MSM) though crucial for structuring responses to the epidemic presents significant challenges, especially in a developing society. Using capture-recapture methodology, the size of MSM-SW in Nigeria was estimated in three major cities (Lagos, Kano and Port Harcourt) between July and December 2009. Following interviews with key informants, locations and times when MSM-SW were available to male clients were mapped and designated as "hotspots". Counts were conducted on two consecutive weekends. Population estimates were computed using a standardized Lincoln formula. Fifty-six hotspots were identified in Kano, 38 in Lagos and 42 in Port Harcourt. On a given weekend night, Port Harcourt had the largest estimated population of MSM sex workers, 723 (95% CI: 594-892) followed by Lagos state with 620 (95%CI: 517-724) and Kano state with 353 (95%CI: 332-373). This study documents a large popula...
There is little research on injecting drug use in Nigeria. We investigated the prevalence of HIV,... more There is little research on injecting drug use in Nigeria. We investigated the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and C, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among male injection drug users (IDUs) in Lagos. Male IDUs (N = 328) were recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Participants completed an interview about their sexual and injecting risk behaviours and were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBV), hepatitis C antibody (HCV), HIV and syphilis, as well as genital chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections. Three-quarters of IDUs (74%) reported injecting drugs in the past one month although most did not share needles (92%) and the majority obtained sterile needles from pharmacists (87%). Estimated HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia prevalences were 7.8%, 7.7%, 0.9%, 1.9%, 0.0%, and 3.7%, respectively. The burden of HIV is presently low among IDUs in Lagos. Changes in accessibility to sterile needles at pharmacists would likely have a deleterious effect on IDUs' health. HBV vaccination and HCV prevention programmes for IDUs are urgently needed.
The expanding AIDS epidemic in Mozambique is fuelled principally by heterosexual transmission, wi... more The expanding AIDS epidemic in Mozambique is fuelled principally by heterosexual transmission, with young people identified as a key group for prevention efforts. However, little is known about the sexual behaviour of young people in Mozambique and the protective practices they adopt. This paper seeks to identify the contexts and rules governing sexual risk-taking among young people in Maputo. In doing so, the paper affirms the importance of context in understanding risk practices, but highlights the fluidity of practice as an important limitation for the use of contextual analysis in prevention interventions. By focusing on one innovation, the saca cena one-night stand, this paper shows how a subgroup of young people in Maputo has redefined a "risky" sexual practice to include exclusive condom use. As a risk context, the saca cena dictates a set of implicit rules emphasizing anonymity, discretion, verbal and non-verbal cues, and for a set of select innovators, condom use. The saca cena challenges the hegemonic gender roles found among many young people in Maputo of male dominance through sexual conquest and female acquiescence. Instead, the practice allows young people to be both adventurous and responsible. The discourse demonstrates how sexual identities have been redefined to combine risk reduction with sexual experimentation and the satiation of desire.
In 1997 to 1998, Population Services International (PSI) carried out a targeted radio campaign in... more In 1997 to 1998, Population Services International (PSI) carried out a targeted radio campaign in Mozambique to promote behavior change for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS. To evaluate the coverage and impact of the campaign, PSI designed and implemented a cross-sectional study using a two-stage random sample of "at-risk" individuals; 754 individuals between the ages of 13 and 49 were interviewed. Over half (52.4%) heard the campaign and 45.5% recalled one or more radio messages. However, recall of specific messages in specific risk groups was low. A multivariate model demonstrates that among those exposed to the radio campaign, 97.2% reported intent to change their sexual behavior compared with 62.8% of those not exposed to the campaign (p < .001). Among those who recalled campaign messages, 86.1% attempted to change their behavior compared with 58% of those who had no message recall (p <.001). Success in changing behavior is significantly higher among those with message recall (83.8%) than those without (56.8%, p < .001). This study illustrates the difficulties in using radio to target a specific group with a corresponding behavior change message. Although general recall of campaign messages was high per target group, the campaign did not succeed in ensuring exposure to the intended target group. The strategy of airing all of the spots simultaneously with different but similar messages resulted in one spot "stepping on" another. Despite the limitations in using radio to target, exposure to the radio campaign has contributed to individual intent to change sexual behavior.
This study examined the effectiveness of the JeitO condom social marketing (CSM) project in promo... more This study examined the effectiveness of the JeitO condom social marketing (CSM) project in promoting safer sex practices in Mozambique. The data used were taken from a sexual behavior survey conducted by Population Service International on behalf of the National AIDS Control Program in 1996-97. The survey consisted of a multi-stage probability sample of men and women aged 15-49 years living in the urban and periurban areas of all ten provinces of Mozambique. The instrument used for the survey was based on the Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) Surveys. Data were gathered on the respondents sociodemographic characteristics knowledge of AIDS knowledge of a source of condoms awareness of the JeitO condom brand nonregular sexual partnership in the last 12 months and condom use during last sex with a nonregular partner. The findings showed that exposure to the CSM program was high and that more than one-half of 15-49 year olds knew of the social marketing condom brand and source of c...
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 19317611 2011 617810, Nov 29, 2011
Using couple data from a national survey, this article examines couple&am... more Using couple data from a national survey, this article examines couple's characteristics associated with extramarital sex among Nigerian men. We found 15.4% of married men had extramarital sex in the past 12 months. Extramarital sex was significantly associated with men's attitude toward extramarital sex (OR = 1.7 [1.4–3.0]), early sexual debut (OR = 1.9 [1.6–2.3]), alcohol use (OR = 1.7
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1521 Aeap 13 5 438 24144, May 31, 2005
In 1997 to 1998, Population Services International (PSI) carried out a targeted radio campaign in... more In 1997 to 1998, Population Services International (PSI) carried out a targeted radio campaign in Mozambique to promote behavior change for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS. To evaluate the coverage and impact of the campaign, PSI designed and implemented a cross-sectional study using a two-stage random sample of "at-risk" individuals; 754 individuals between the ages of 13 and 49 were interviewed. Over half (52.4%) heard the campaign and 45.5% recalled one or more radio messages. However, recall of specific messages in specific risk groups was low. A multivariate model demonstrates that among those exposed to the radio campaign, 97.2% reported intent to change their sexual behavior compared with 62.8% of those not exposed to the campaign (p < .001). Among those who recalled campaign messages, 86.1% attempted to change their behavior compared with 58% of those who had no message recall (p <.001). Success in changing behavior is significantly higher among those with message recall (83.8%) than those without (56.8%, p < .001). This study illustrates the difficulties in using radio to target a specific group with a corresponding behavior change message. Although general recall of campaign messages was high per target group, the campaign did not succeed in ensuring exposure to the intended target group. The strategy of airing all of the spots simultaneously with different but similar messages resulted in one spot "stepping on" another. Despite the limitations in using radio to target, exposure to the radio campaign has contributed to individual intent to change sexual behavior.
... Dominique Meekers, Francoise Armand, Muyiwa Oladosu, Clayton Davis, and Jill Shumann.Megan Kl... more ... Dominique Meekers, Francoise Armand, Muyiwa Oladosu, Clayton Davis, and Jill Shumann.Megan Klein edited the final version of the paper and provided substantive comments. ... Condoms prevent STDs, AIDS and unwanted pregnancy. 3 Young Females Guida and friend ...
African Journal of Reproductive Health, Dec 1, 2013
Estimating the size of populations most affected by HIV such as men who have sex with men (MSM) t... more Estimating the size of populations most affected by HIV such as men who have sex with men (MSM) though crucial for structuring responses to the epidemic presents significant challenges, especially in a developing society. Using capture-recapture methodology, the size of MSM-SW in Nigeria was estimated in three major cities (Lagos, Kano and Port Harcourt) between July and December 2009. Following interviews with key informants, locations and times when MSM-SW were available to male clients were mapped and designated as "hotspots". Counts were conducted on two consecutive weekends. Population estimates were computed using a standardized Lincoln formula. Fifty-six hotspots were identified in Kano, 38 in Lagos and 42 in Port Harcourt. On a given weekend night, Port Harcourt had the largest estimated population of MSM sex workers, 723 (95% CI: 594-892) followed by Lagos state with 620 (95%CI: 517-724) and Kano state with 353 (95%CI: 332-373). This study documents a large population of MSM-SW in 3 Nigerian cities where higher HIV prevalence among MSM compared to the general population has been documented. Research and programming are needed to better understand and address the health vulnerabilities that MSM-SW and their clients face.
Estimating the size of populations most affected by HIV such as men who have sex with men (MSM) t... more Estimating the size of populations most affected by HIV such as men who have sex with men (MSM) though crucial for structuring responses to the epidemic presents significant challenges, especially in a developing society. Using capture-recapture methodology, the size of MSM-SW in Nigeria was estimated in three major cities (Lagos, Kano and Port Harcourt) between July and December 2009. Following interviews with key informants, locations and times when MSM-SW were available to male clients were mapped and designated as "hotspots". Counts were conducted on two consecutive weekends. Population estimates were computed using a standardized Lincoln formula. Fifty-six hotspots were identified in Kano, 38 in Lagos and 42 in Port Harcourt. On a given weekend night, Port Harcourt had the largest estimated population of MSM sex workers, 723 (95% CI: 594-892) followed by Lagos state with 620 (95%CI: 517-724) and Kano state with 353 (95%CI: 332-373). This study documents a large popula...
There is little research on injecting drug use in Nigeria. We investigated the prevalence of HIV,... more There is little research on injecting drug use in Nigeria. We investigated the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and C, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among male injection drug users (IDUs) in Lagos. Male IDUs (N = 328) were recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Participants completed an interview about their sexual and injecting risk behaviours and were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBV), hepatitis C antibody (HCV), HIV and syphilis, as well as genital chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections. Three-quarters of IDUs (74%) reported injecting drugs in the past one month although most did not share needles (92%) and the majority obtained sterile needles from pharmacists (87%). Estimated HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia prevalences were 7.8%, 7.7%, 0.9%, 1.9%, 0.0%, and 3.7%, respectively. The burden of HIV is presently low among IDUs in Lagos. Changes in accessibility to sterile needles at pharmacists would likely have a deleterious effect on IDUs' health. HBV vaccination and HCV prevention programmes for IDUs are urgently needed.
The expanding AIDS epidemic in Mozambique is fuelled principally by heterosexual transmission, wi... more The expanding AIDS epidemic in Mozambique is fuelled principally by heterosexual transmission, with young people identified as a key group for prevention efforts. However, little is known about the sexual behaviour of young people in Mozambique and the protective practices they adopt. This paper seeks to identify the contexts and rules governing sexual risk-taking among young people in Maputo. In doing so, the paper affirms the importance of context in understanding risk practices, but highlights the fluidity of practice as an important limitation for the use of contextual analysis in prevention interventions. By focusing on one innovation, the saca cena one-night stand, this paper shows how a subgroup of young people in Maputo has redefined a "risky" sexual practice to include exclusive condom use. As a risk context, the saca cena dictates a set of implicit rules emphasizing anonymity, discretion, verbal and non-verbal cues, and for a set of select innovators, condom use. The saca cena challenges the hegemonic gender roles found among many young people in Maputo of male dominance through sexual conquest and female acquiescence. Instead, the practice allows young people to be both adventurous and responsible. The discourse demonstrates how sexual identities have been redefined to combine risk reduction with sexual experimentation and the satiation of desire.
In 1997 to 1998, Population Services International (PSI) carried out a targeted radio campaign in... more In 1997 to 1998, Population Services International (PSI) carried out a targeted radio campaign in Mozambique to promote behavior change for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS. To evaluate the coverage and impact of the campaign, PSI designed and implemented a cross-sectional study using a two-stage random sample of "at-risk" individuals; 754 individuals between the ages of 13 and 49 were interviewed. Over half (52.4%) heard the campaign and 45.5% recalled one or more radio messages. However, recall of specific messages in specific risk groups was low. A multivariate model demonstrates that among those exposed to the radio campaign, 97.2% reported intent to change their sexual behavior compared with 62.8% of those not exposed to the campaign (p < .001). Among those who recalled campaign messages, 86.1% attempted to change their behavior compared with 58% of those who had no message recall (p <.001). Success in changing behavior is significantly higher among those with message recall (83.8%) than those without (56.8%, p < .001). This study illustrates the difficulties in using radio to target a specific group with a corresponding behavior change message. Although general recall of campaign messages was high per target group, the campaign did not succeed in ensuring exposure to the intended target group. The strategy of airing all of the spots simultaneously with different but similar messages resulted in one spot "stepping on" another. Despite the limitations in using radio to target, exposure to the radio campaign has contributed to individual intent to change sexual behavior.
Uploads
Papers by Andrew Karlyn