Books
Київ: Інститут української археографії та джерелознавства ім. М. С. Грушевського НАН України, 2010
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Monographs & Book Chapters
Удавана Росія : імітація величі та могутності. Монографія. Кол. авт.: І. Павленко, В. Нагірний, А.Стародуб, М. Рябчук, О. Лісничук, Г. Зеленько. Ніжин-Київ, 2024
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Велика війна 1914–1918 рр. і Україна. У 2-х кн. – Кн. 1: Історичні нариси. – К.: ТОВ «Видавництво “КЛІО”»., 2014
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Papers
Przegląd Narodowościowy / Review of Nationalities, 2021
The Faculty of Orthodox Theology at the University of Warsaw (Studium Teologii Prawosławnej Uniwe... more The Faculty of Orthodox Theology at the University of Warsaw (Studium Teologii Prawosławnej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, StTP UW) (1925 – 1939) – one of the unique cultural and educational phenomena of interwar Poland. The history of its Faculty has already been the subject of a number of special studies by Polish, Ukrainian and Belarusian authors. Most of them, implicitly or explicitly, emphasized the complexity and confusion of the situation of the Orthodox Church in the Second Rzeczpospolita (II RP). Even the idea of creating an Orthodox theological faculty in a country whose dominant religion was Catholicism arose as a result of a painful search for a compromise between the Warsaw Metropolitan's and state. The Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church (PAOC) needed its own institution of higher education. But did not have the financial and organizational capacity to establish it. The “flipside” of the state's support in this matter was the latter's tight control over the faculty. Accordingly, literally every step (choice of program and language of instruction, selection of teachers etc.) generated many difficulties. Thus, the standard program of teaching in Russian pre-revolutionary Theological Academies (namely, the Church authorities initially focused on them) could not be automatically “adapted” to the University requirements, in particular – in the language of teaching. For a long time it was impossible to fulfill the requirement of teaching theological disciplines in Polish. Metropolitan Dionysius (Waledyński) even had to write a special explanatory letter on this subject to the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education (AAN MWRiOP, sign.1107, к. 26–29).
A separate research problem is, so to speak, the «national face» of this institution. In addition to various compromises between the state and the Сhurch, the Studium had to find «balances» between representatives of different nationalities: Ukrainians, Belarusians, Russians and “Orthodox Poles” (representatives of other nationalities, mostly foreign students, never made any significant groups among students). Echoes of the fact that this was not an easy task can be seen in the memories of faculty graduates – Anton (monk name – Athanasius) Martos and Mikołaj Lenczewski (Martos, 2005; Lenczewski, 1974, 1992).
The fact that the largest group of teachers and students were ethnic Ukrainians leads some Ukrainian authors to believe that the faculty “partially served as a Ukrainian higher education institution” in interwar Poland (Portnov, 2008: 154). Polish and Belarusian researchers pay less attention to the «national» moment in the functioning of the StTP UW (Bendza M. 2000; Samasiuk, 2008; Baczyński A., Sawicki D., 2018).
In this publication, I will try, based on the personal files of students, reports of the Studium management, as well as other documents (mainly from the archives of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education) to identify and analyze
1. Peculiarities of national self-identification of entrants and students of the Orthodox Theological Faculty
2. Proportions between the number of people of different nationalities in different periods of operation of the StTP UW.
3. The influence of various external factors on the «fluctuations» in the numerical representation of certain national groups among students.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Studia i materiały z historii nowożytnej i najnowszej Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. T. 2. redakcja Tomasz Kargol, Witalij Michałowski, 2021
Andriy Starodub
CONFLICT OVER PROPERTY RIGHTS AND
JURISDICTIONAL SUBORDINATION OF THE
ORTHODOX CH... more Andriy Starodub
CONFLICT OVER PROPERTY RIGHTS AND
JURISDICTIONAL SUBORDINATION OF THE
ORTHODOX CHURCH OF St. GEORGE IN LVIV
(1919–1939)
During 1918–1939, the Orthodox church of St. George in Lviv was the site
of a number of conflicts. The article, based on archival sources, analyzes the
contradictions that arose between the Polish government and the Orthodox
Metropolitanate in Poland, the differences between the interests of the central and local government, the bureaucratic confrontation between various
ministries and departments of the II Rzeczpospolita. The influence of the
dispute over the ownership of the Lviv church upon the relations between
Poland and Romania in this historical period has been revealed. The conflict
between the Metropolitan of Warsaw Dionizy (Waledyński) and the office of
the Chief Chaplain of the Orthodox Religion of the Polish Army concerning
the right to appoint priests of this church has been considered separately. The
article also describes details of scandals that arose within the Orthodox community of Lviv gathered around St. George church.
The author came to the following conclusions
1. The process of division of property between the states that emerged
after World War I on the ruins of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires, gave rise to a number of complex “incidents”. The issue of ownership of
the church building was resolved more than fifteen years after its inception,
while other property disputes of this kind between Poland and the Kingdom
of Romania were not settled until the beginning of World War II.
2. The conflict over the Lviv church revealed the exceptional difficulty
of reaching balanced compromises between different social (national, confessional) groups in the interwar Poland. As the conflict developed, all new participants were involved, and situational alliances were formed and disintegrated between them. Moreover, belonging to one denomination or national
affinity was not a sufficient guarantee of unification. The state did not always
cope with the function of “mediator” of such conflicts. In addition, there were
contradictions between the understanding of the state interests by different
ministries and departments of the Second Polish Republic.
3. The transfer of the church of St. George under the authority of the
Chief Orthodox Chaplain of the Polish Army was an element of the general
policy of the state towards the Orthodox Church in late 1930s. Metropolitan
Dionizy showed maximum loyalty. However, the Polish government preferred
to deal not just with the loyal Orthodox clergy, but also with rigidly subordinated state bodies and those involved in the process of the “Polonization” of
national minorities.
Keywords: Polish Orthodox Church, Orthodox Church-State relations, Lviv
in 1919–1939, Polish-Romanian diplomatic relations
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Народознавчі зошити, 2021
«DESTROY OR SAVE». DISCUSSION ON THE FATE OF ALEXANDER NEVSKY CATHEDRAL IN WARSAW IN 1918—1923
Th... more «DESTROY OR SAVE». DISCUSSION ON THE FATE OF ALEXANDER NEVSKY CATHEDRAL IN WARSAW IN 1918—1923
The article considers the peculiarities of the socio-political discussion that arose in the first years of the Second Polish Rebublic and concerned the future of the largest Orthodox religious building in the region-St. Oleksandr Nevsky Cathedral in Warsaw. The urgency of the topic lies in the need to study the peculiarities of the perception of newcomers after the World War I, states «imperial» architectural heritage and the prospects for the use/destruction of certain landmarks in the new political realities. The subject of the study is the position of certain political, social, scientific and cultural circles in the case of the «church on Saxon Square». The source base of the study are documents deposited in the archives of some Polish ministries and departments (mainly the Ministry of Religious and Public Education), transcripts of parliamentary sessions, as well as a number of publications that appeared in the Polish press during 1918-1923 years. The methodological basis of the article is the principles of historicism, systematics and comparability with the use of cultural-historical and comparative-typological approaches. The author made the following conclusions:-Despite the fact that the cathedral was clearly at odds with the architectural environment and was a reminder of the era of Russian rule, its «fate» was not decided in advance. Parliamentarians, government officials, and representatives of art circles discussed various solutions to the problem. The chances of preserving the building remained until the spring of 1923;-The main «dividing lines» between proponents of different solutions were not strictly determined by belonging to political, religious or professional backgrounds. Representatives of national minorities and the Orthodox Metropolitanate in Poland did not actually take part in the discussions;-One of the motivating factors for a quick and radical government decision in 1923 was the realization of the possible negative consequences of this problem for domestic political stability. The cathedral was dismantled not only as a «symbol of Russian rule» but also as a «pretext for unnecessary conflicts» in the independent Poland.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The Ethnology Notebooks Народознавчі зошити, 2021
"DESTROY OR SAVE». DISCUSSION ON THE FATE OF ALEXANDER NEVSKY CATHEDRAL IN WARSAW IN 1918—1923
... more "DESTROY OR SAVE». DISCUSSION ON THE FATE OF ALEXANDER NEVSKY CATHEDRAL IN WARSAW IN 1918—1923
The article considers the peculiarities of the socio-political discussion that arose in the first years of the Second Polish Rebublic and concerned the future of the largest Orthodox religious building in the region-St. Oleksandr Nevsky Cathedral in Warsaw. The urgency of the topic lies in the need to study the peculiarities of the perception of newcomers after the World War I, states «imperial» architectural heritage and the prospects for the use/destruction of certain landmarks in the new political realities. The subject of the study is the position of certain political, social, scientific and cultural circles in the case of the «church on Saxon Square». The source base of the study are documents deposited in the archives of some Polish ministries and departments (mainly the Ministry of Religious and Public Education), transcripts of parliamentary sessions, as well as a number of publications that appeared in the Polish press during 1918-1923 years. The methodological basis of the article is the principles of historicism, systematics and comparability with the use of cultural-historical and comparative-typological approaches. The author made the following conclusions:-Despite the fact that the cathedral was clearly at odds with the architectural environment and was a reminder of the era of Russian rule, its «fate» was not decided in advance. Parliamentarians, government officials, and representatives of art circles discussed various solutions to the problem. The chances of preserving the building remained until the spring of 1923;-The main «dividing lines» between proponents of different solutions were not strictly determined by belonging to political, religious or professional backgrounds. Representatives of national minorities and the Orthodox Metropolitanate in Poland did not actually take part in the discussions;-One of the motivating factors for a quick and radical government decision in 1923 was the realization of the possible negative consequences of this problem for domestic political stability. The cathedral was dismantled not only as a «symbol of Russian rule» but also as a «pretext for unnecessary conflicts» in the independent Poland.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Українська біографістика = Biographistica Ukrainica : зб. наук. пр. Ін-ту біогр. дослідж. , 2021
NOWE MATERIAŁY DO BIOGRAFII METROPOLITY WARSZAWSKIEGO I CAŁEJ POLSKI MAKAREGO (MYCHAJŁA OKSIJUKA)... more NOWE MATERIAŁY DO BIOGRAFII METROPOLITY WARSZAWSKIEGO I CAŁEJ POLSKI MAKAREGO (MYCHAJŁA OKSIJUKA) (1884-1961)
Celem pracy jest weryfikacja i uzupełnienie informacji o życiu i twórczości słynnego naukowca i działacza kościelnego Mychajła (imię zakonne – Makary) Oksijuka (1884-1961). Nowością naukową pracy jest wprowadzeniu do obiegu naukowego nieznanych wcześniej dokumentów rzucających światło na mało znaną stronę biografii Mychajła Oksijuka. Autorem artykułu dokonano przeglądu esejów biograficznych o życiu, twórczości i karierze M. Oksijuka. Stwierdzono, że istnieją poważne luki w informacjach dotyczących lat dwudziestych i trzydziestych XX wieku. Na podstawie źródeł, dostępnych dziś dla naukowców, nie jest możliwe ustalenie wszystkich okoliczności związanych z pracą byłego profesora Kijowskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Bibliotece Narodowej Ukrainy i Komisji Bizantologicznej Wszechukraińskiej Akademii Nauk. Nieznane pozostają czynniki, które pozwoliły Mychajłu Oksijukowi nie tylko uniknąć represji politycznych, ale także zrobić karierę administracyjną w systemie
Ludowego Komisariatu ds. rolnictwa Ukraińskiej SRR. Publikowane są doku- menty, które rzucają światło na wydarzenia z pierwszej połowy lat dwudziestych XX wieku. Od końca 1923 do początku 1925 roku Mychajło Oksijuk był kandydatem na stanowisko profesora Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Oksijuk został zaproszony do Warszawy przez metropolitę Dionizego (Waledynskiego) i Komisje Organizacyjną Fakultetu Teologii Prawosławnej. Profesor zgodził się na wyjazd do Polski na pobyt stały, w związku z czym utrzymywał kontakty z przedstawicielami polskiej placówki dyplomatycznej w Kijowie. Relacja dyplomaty ze spot- kania i rozmowy z M. Oksijukiem w listopadzie 1923 r. zawiera oceny cech charakteru, poglądów politycznych i stanowiska byłego profesora Kijowskiej Akademii Teologicznej w sprawie szeregu problemów kościelno-administracyj- nych. Oksijuk zadeklarował m.in. zaangażowanie w ideę autokefalii Cerkwi prawosławnej w Polsce i niezgodę z patriarchą rosyjskim Tichonem (Bellawinym), który opowiadał się za podporządkowaniem przez Moskwę diecezji prawosław- nych w granicach odrodzonego państwa polskiego. Wnioski. Informacje zawarte w dokumentach zachowanych w Archiwum Akt Nowych w istotny sposób uzupełniają dane o próbach zaangażowania byłych absolwentów i nauczycieli Kijowskiej Akademii Teologicznej w rozwój prawosławnego szkolnictwa teologicznego w międzywojennej Polsce. Materiały te są również ważnym źród- łem dla badaczy biografii metropolity Macarego – zwierzchnika Polskiego Autokefalicznego Kościoła Prawosławnego w 1951-1961 rr.
Słowa kluczowe: Mychajło Oksijuk (Metropolitan Macary), Dionizy (Waledyński), biografia, Kijowska Akademia Teologiczna, Studium Teologii Prawosławnej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, dyplomacja II Rzeczpospolitej.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Ukraïnsʹka bìografìstika
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Наукові записки Національного університету «Острозька академія». Серія «Історичні науки», 2021
COPIES OF THE PATRIARCHAL AND SYNODAL-CANONICAL TOMOS 1924 IN THE POLISH ARCHIVES
The article at... more COPIES OF THE PATRIARCHAL AND SYNODAL-CANONICAL TOMOS 1924 IN THE POLISH ARCHIVES
The article attempts to find out in the Polish archives copies of the Patriarchal and Synodal-Canonical Tomos of the Ecumenical Patriarchate dated November 13, 1924. The peculiarities of the perception of the status of this document by Polish officials (de facto – as an international agreement) are analyzed. It is determined that the term «authentic Tomos» was used both for the official public copy in Greek and for a copy of the French translation certified by the Chancellery of the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
The dates of receipt of copies of the document in Poland, as well as their transfer to the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education and Warsaw Metropolitan Dionizy (Valedynskiy) of have been set. The information about the place of preservation of the authentic copy in French has been checked and clarified.
Evidence is given in favor of the version that the Greek copy of Tomos was kept in the Polish state archives during 1926-1939, and not in the archives of the Warsaw Orthodox Metropolis. The validity of assumptions about the fate of this copy after 1939 was assessed, in particular, the possibility of finding it in archives outside Poland. A verification of the widespread notion that a key copy of the 1924 Tomos was sent to Moscow in 1948 has been verified.
The author concluded that the uncertainty as to whether the authentic copy of the Tomos 1924 has been preserved «reflects» both the vicissitudes of the struggle for autocephaly of the Polish Orthodox Church and the specifics of state-church relations in different periods.
Key words: Tomos, autocephaly, Ecumenical Patriarchate, Orthodox Church in Poland, Dionyzy (Valedynskiy).
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki
The article attempts to find out in the Polish archives copies of the Patriarchal and Synodal-Can... more The article attempts to find out in the Polish archives copies of the Patriarchal and Synodal-Canonical Tomos of the Ecumenical Patriarchate dated November 13, 1924. The peculiarities of the perception of the status of this document by Polish officials (de facto – as an international agreement) are analyzed. It is determined that the term «authentic Tomos» was used both for the official public copy in Greek and for a copy of the French translation certified by the Chancellery of the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. The dates of receipt of copies of the document in Poland, as well as their transfer to the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education and Warsaw Metropolitan Dionizy (Valedynskiy) of have been set. The information about the place of preservation of the authentic copy in French has been checked and clarified. Evidence is given in favor of the version that the Greek copy of Tomos was kept in the Polish state archives during 1926-1939, and not in the...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Сіверянський літопис, 2021
«BROTHER SHOT THE METROPOLITAN IN MY PRESENCE». MYSTERIES OF THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE FALSE BROTHER A... more «BROTHER SHOT THE METROPOLITAN IN MY PRESENCE». MYSTERIES OF THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE FALSE BROTHER ARCHIMANDRITE SMARAGD (LATYSHENKO)
The article clarifies the circumstances of the conviction by the Soviet punitive system of a person who called himself Anton Ivanovich Latyshenko and claimed to be an accomplice in the assassination of Warsaw Metropolitan George (Yaroshevsky). A defector from Poland, who claimed to be a doctor by profession and a priest, told several contradictory (and even mutually exclusive) versions of his biography from December 1924 to April 1926. In an attempt to finally legalize himself in the USSR, Latyshenko attracted the attention of the Joint State Political Directorate, was arrested, and later sentenced to 3 years in prison in the Solovki prison camp and to 3 years in exile in the Urals.
The author verified the data contained in the archival and investigative case of A.Latyshenko, recreated the real chronology of events, established causal links between them. Several variants of the «autobiographies» of the criminal investigation participant were analyzed. A. Latyshenko's key statements are classified on the basis of a philosophical and sociological approach to the interpretation of the historical phenomenon of «impersonation». Hypothetical plans for further attempts to «convert» the false stories of the adventurer into a certain status in Soviet society have been reconstructed.
On the basis of archival sources introduced for the first time into scientific circulation, the author made the following conclusions
1. All the information that A.I. Latyshenko reported about himself in 1924-1926 was completely fictional.
2. The Soviet investigating authorities not only failed to verify most of his allegations, but also failed to establish the true identity of the defector from Poland.
3. This person was not involved in the murder in Warsaw on February 8, 1923.
4. Not only family ties are doubtful, but even Anton Latyshenko’s acquaintance with Archimandrite Smaragd (Pavel Latyshenko).
5. The imposter, most likely, did not come from the clergy, did not have a professional medical education and the priesthood.
Key words: impersonation, archival and criminal cases of the repressed, Smaragd (Latyshenko), the Ukrainian SSR in the early 1920s, Soviet-Polish relations in the 1920s and 1930s.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Славістична збірка. – Вип. V: Збірка статей за матеріалами П"ятого Міжнародного славістичного колоквіуму, 2020
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Український археографічний щорічник, 2012
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Лаврський альманах, 2014
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Український археографічний щорічник, 2013
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Славістична збірка. Вип.1: Збірка статей за матеріалами Перших Міжнародних наукових Соханівських читань (м. Київ, 18 листопада 2014 р.) / За редакцією Д. Гордієнка та В. Корнієнка. Київ, 2015. – 396с. , 2015
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Ucraina magna, 2016
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Київська академія, 2008
«Поштовх до українського церковного відродження вийшов також від поколінь істориків «західноруськ... more «Поштовх до українського церковного відродження вийшов також від поколінь істориків «західноруської» церкви [...] Внесок науки в українське церковне відроджен ня ще чекає на свого дослідника»: Сисин Ф. Релігія, культура та нація на Україні XVII ст. в українській православній думці XX століття / / Сучасність,— 1989.— № І.— С. 53.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Славістична збірка. – Вип. IV: Збірка статей за матеріалами Четвертого Міжнародного славістичного колоквіуму, 2019
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Uploads
A separate research problem is, so to speak, the «national face» of this institution. In addition to various compromises between the state and the Сhurch, the Studium had to find «balances» between representatives of different nationalities: Ukrainians, Belarusians, Russians and “Orthodox Poles” (representatives of other nationalities, mostly foreign students, never made any significant groups among students). Echoes of the fact that this was not an easy task can be seen in the memories of faculty graduates – Anton (monk name – Athanasius) Martos and Mikołaj Lenczewski (Martos, 2005; Lenczewski, 1974, 1992).
The fact that the largest group of teachers and students were ethnic Ukrainians leads some Ukrainian authors to believe that the faculty “partially served as a Ukrainian higher education institution” in interwar Poland (Portnov, 2008: 154). Polish and Belarusian researchers pay less attention to the «national» moment in the functioning of the StTP UW (Bendza M. 2000; Samasiuk, 2008; Baczyński A., Sawicki D., 2018).
In this publication, I will try, based on the personal files of students, reports of the Studium management, as well as other documents (mainly from the archives of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education) to identify and analyze
1. Peculiarities of national self-identification of entrants and students of the Orthodox Theological Faculty
2. Proportions between the number of people of different nationalities in different periods of operation of the StTP UW.
3. The influence of various external factors on the «fluctuations» in the numerical representation of certain national groups among students.
CONFLICT OVER PROPERTY RIGHTS AND
JURISDICTIONAL SUBORDINATION OF THE
ORTHODOX CHURCH OF St. GEORGE IN LVIV
(1919–1939)
During 1918–1939, the Orthodox church of St. George in Lviv was the site
of a number of conflicts. The article, based on archival sources, analyzes the
contradictions that arose between the Polish government and the Orthodox
Metropolitanate in Poland, the differences between the interests of the central and local government, the bureaucratic confrontation between various
ministries and departments of the II Rzeczpospolita. The influence of the
dispute over the ownership of the Lviv church upon the relations between
Poland and Romania in this historical period has been revealed. The conflict
between the Metropolitan of Warsaw Dionizy (Waledyński) and the office of
the Chief Chaplain of the Orthodox Religion of the Polish Army concerning
the right to appoint priests of this church has been considered separately. The
article also describes details of scandals that arose within the Orthodox community of Lviv gathered around St. George church.
The author came to the following conclusions
1. The process of division of property between the states that emerged
after World War I on the ruins of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires, gave rise to a number of complex “incidents”. The issue of ownership of
the church building was resolved more than fifteen years after its inception,
while other property disputes of this kind between Poland and the Kingdom
of Romania were not settled until the beginning of World War II.
2. The conflict over the Lviv church revealed the exceptional difficulty
of reaching balanced compromises between different social (national, confessional) groups in the interwar Poland. As the conflict developed, all new participants were involved, and situational alliances were formed and disintegrated between them. Moreover, belonging to one denomination or national
affinity was not a sufficient guarantee of unification. The state did not always
cope with the function of “mediator” of such conflicts. In addition, there were
contradictions between the understanding of the state interests by different
ministries and departments of the Second Polish Republic.
3. The transfer of the church of St. George under the authority of the
Chief Orthodox Chaplain of the Polish Army was an element of the general
policy of the state towards the Orthodox Church in late 1930s. Metropolitan
Dionizy showed maximum loyalty. However, the Polish government preferred
to deal not just with the loyal Orthodox clergy, but also with rigidly subordinated state bodies and those involved in the process of the “Polonization” of
national minorities.
Keywords: Polish Orthodox Church, Orthodox Church-State relations, Lviv
in 1919–1939, Polish-Romanian diplomatic relations
The article considers the peculiarities of the socio-political discussion that arose in the first years of the Second Polish Rebublic and concerned the future of the largest Orthodox religious building in the region-St. Oleksandr Nevsky Cathedral in Warsaw. The urgency of the topic lies in the need to study the peculiarities of the perception of newcomers after the World War I, states «imperial» architectural heritage and the prospects for the use/destruction of certain landmarks in the new political realities. The subject of the study is the position of certain political, social, scientific and cultural circles in the case of the «church on Saxon Square». The source base of the study are documents deposited in the archives of some Polish ministries and departments (mainly the Ministry of Religious and Public Education), transcripts of parliamentary sessions, as well as a number of publications that appeared in the Polish press during 1918-1923 years. The methodological basis of the article is the principles of historicism, systematics and comparability with the use of cultural-historical and comparative-typological approaches. The author made the following conclusions:-Despite the fact that the cathedral was clearly at odds with the architectural environment and was a reminder of the era of Russian rule, its «fate» was not decided in advance. Parliamentarians, government officials, and representatives of art circles discussed various solutions to the problem. The chances of preserving the building remained until the spring of 1923;-The main «dividing lines» between proponents of different solutions were not strictly determined by belonging to political, religious or professional backgrounds. Representatives of national minorities and the Orthodox Metropolitanate in Poland did not actually take part in the discussions;-One of the motivating factors for a quick and radical government decision in 1923 was the realization of the possible negative consequences of this problem for domestic political stability. The cathedral was dismantled not only as a «symbol of Russian rule» but also as a «pretext for unnecessary conflicts» in the independent Poland.
The article considers the peculiarities of the socio-political discussion that arose in the first years of the Second Polish Rebublic and concerned the future of the largest Orthodox religious building in the region-St. Oleksandr Nevsky Cathedral in Warsaw. The urgency of the topic lies in the need to study the peculiarities of the perception of newcomers after the World War I, states «imperial» architectural heritage and the prospects for the use/destruction of certain landmarks in the new political realities. The subject of the study is the position of certain political, social, scientific and cultural circles in the case of the «church on Saxon Square». The source base of the study are documents deposited in the archives of some Polish ministries and departments (mainly the Ministry of Religious and Public Education), transcripts of parliamentary sessions, as well as a number of publications that appeared in the Polish press during 1918-1923 years. The methodological basis of the article is the principles of historicism, systematics and comparability with the use of cultural-historical and comparative-typological approaches. The author made the following conclusions:-Despite the fact that the cathedral was clearly at odds with the architectural environment and was a reminder of the era of Russian rule, its «fate» was not decided in advance. Parliamentarians, government officials, and representatives of art circles discussed various solutions to the problem. The chances of preserving the building remained until the spring of 1923;-The main «dividing lines» between proponents of different solutions were not strictly determined by belonging to political, religious or professional backgrounds. Representatives of national minorities and the Orthodox Metropolitanate in Poland did not actually take part in the discussions;-One of the motivating factors for a quick and radical government decision in 1923 was the realization of the possible negative consequences of this problem for domestic political stability. The cathedral was dismantled not only as a «symbol of Russian rule» but also as a «pretext for unnecessary conflicts» in the independent Poland.
Celem pracy jest weryfikacja i uzupełnienie informacji o życiu i twórczości słynnego naukowca i działacza kościelnego Mychajła (imię zakonne – Makary) Oksijuka (1884-1961). Nowością naukową pracy jest wprowadzeniu do obiegu naukowego nieznanych wcześniej dokumentów rzucających światło na mało znaną stronę biografii Mychajła Oksijuka. Autorem artykułu dokonano przeglądu esejów biograficznych o życiu, twórczości i karierze M. Oksijuka. Stwierdzono, że istnieją poważne luki w informacjach dotyczących lat dwudziestych i trzydziestych XX wieku. Na podstawie źródeł, dostępnych dziś dla naukowców, nie jest możliwe ustalenie wszystkich okoliczności związanych z pracą byłego profesora Kijowskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Bibliotece Narodowej Ukrainy i Komisji Bizantologicznej Wszechukraińskiej Akademii Nauk. Nieznane pozostają czynniki, które pozwoliły Mychajłu Oksijukowi nie tylko uniknąć represji politycznych, ale także zrobić karierę administracyjną w systemie
Ludowego Komisariatu ds. rolnictwa Ukraińskiej SRR. Publikowane są doku- menty, które rzucają światło na wydarzenia z pierwszej połowy lat dwudziestych XX wieku. Od końca 1923 do początku 1925 roku Mychajło Oksijuk był kandydatem na stanowisko profesora Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Oksijuk został zaproszony do Warszawy przez metropolitę Dionizego (Waledynskiego) i Komisje Organizacyjną Fakultetu Teologii Prawosławnej. Profesor zgodził się na wyjazd do Polski na pobyt stały, w związku z czym utrzymywał kontakty z przedstawicielami polskiej placówki dyplomatycznej w Kijowie. Relacja dyplomaty ze spot- kania i rozmowy z M. Oksijukiem w listopadzie 1923 r. zawiera oceny cech charakteru, poglądów politycznych i stanowiska byłego profesora Kijowskiej Akademii Teologicznej w sprawie szeregu problemów kościelno-administracyj- nych. Oksijuk zadeklarował m.in. zaangażowanie w ideę autokefalii Cerkwi prawosławnej w Polsce i niezgodę z patriarchą rosyjskim Tichonem (Bellawinym), który opowiadał się za podporządkowaniem przez Moskwę diecezji prawosław- nych w granicach odrodzonego państwa polskiego. Wnioski. Informacje zawarte w dokumentach zachowanych w Archiwum Akt Nowych w istotny sposób uzupełniają dane o próbach zaangażowania byłych absolwentów i nauczycieli Kijowskiej Akademii Teologicznej w rozwój prawosławnego szkolnictwa teologicznego w międzywojennej Polsce. Materiały te są również ważnym źród- łem dla badaczy biografii metropolity Macarego – zwierzchnika Polskiego Autokefalicznego Kościoła Prawosławnego w 1951-1961 rr.
Słowa kluczowe: Mychajło Oksijuk (Metropolitan Macary), Dionizy (Waledyński), biografia, Kijowska Akademia Teologiczna, Studium Teologii Prawosławnej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, dyplomacja II Rzeczpospolitej.
The article attempts to find out in the Polish archives copies of the Patriarchal and Synodal-Canonical Tomos of the Ecumenical Patriarchate dated November 13, 1924. The peculiarities of the perception of the status of this document by Polish officials (de facto – as an international agreement) are analyzed. It is determined that the term «authentic Tomos» was used both for the official public copy in Greek and for a copy of the French translation certified by the Chancellery of the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
The dates of receipt of copies of the document in Poland, as well as their transfer to the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education and Warsaw Metropolitan Dionizy (Valedynskiy) of have been set. The information about the place of preservation of the authentic copy in French has been checked and clarified.
Evidence is given in favor of the version that the Greek copy of Tomos was kept in the Polish state archives during 1926-1939, and not in the archives of the Warsaw Orthodox Metropolis. The validity of assumptions about the fate of this copy after 1939 was assessed, in particular, the possibility of finding it in archives outside Poland. A verification of the widespread notion that a key copy of the 1924 Tomos was sent to Moscow in 1948 has been verified.
The author concluded that the uncertainty as to whether the authentic copy of the Tomos 1924 has been preserved «reflects» both the vicissitudes of the struggle for autocephaly of the Polish Orthodox Church and the specifics of state-church relations in different periods.
Key words: Tomos, autocephaly, Ecumenical Patriarchate, Orthodox Church in Poland, Dionyzy (Valedynskiy).
The article clarifies the circumstances of the conviction by the Soviet punitive system of a person who called himself Anton Ivanovich Latyshenko and claimed to be an accomplice in the assassination of Warsaw Metropolitan George (Yaroshevsky). A defector from Poland, who claimed to be a doctor by profession and a priest, told several contradictory (and even mutually exclusive) versions of his biography from December 1924 to April 1926. In an attempt to finally legalize himself in the USSR, Latyshenko attracted the attention of the Joint State Political Directorate, was arrested, and later sentenced to 3 years in prison in the Solovki prison camp and to 3 years in exile in the Urals.
The author verified the data contained in the archival and investigative case of A.Latyshenko, recreated the real chronology of events, established causal links between them. Several variants of the «autobiographies» of the criminal investigation participant were analyzed. A. Latyshenko's key statements are classified on the basis of a philosophical and sociological approach to the interpretation of the historical phenomenon of «impersonation». Hypothetical plans for further attempts to «convert» the false stories of the adventurer into a certain status in Soviet society have been reconstructed.
On the basis of archival sources introduced for the first time into scientific circulation, the author made the following conclusions
1. All the information that A.I. Latyshenko reported about himself in 1924-1926 was completely fictional.
2. The Soviet investigating authorities not only failed to verify most of his allegations, but also failed to establish the true identity of the defector from Poland.
3. This person was not involved in the murder in Warsaw on February 8, 1923.
4. Not only family ties are doubtful, but even Anton Latyshenko’s acquaintance with Archimandrite Smaragd (Pavel Latyshenko).
5. The imposter, most likely, did not come from the clergy, did not have a professional medical education and the priesthood.
Key words: impersonation, archival and criminal cases of the repressed, Smaragd (Latyshenko), the Ukrainian SSR in the early 1920s, Soviet-Polish relations in the 1920s and 1930s.
A separate research problem is, so to speak, the «national face» of this institution. In addition to various compromises between the state and the Сhurch, the Studium had to find «balances» between representatives of different nationalities: Ukrainians, Belarusians, Russians and “Orthodox Poles” (representatives of other nationalities, mostly foreign students, never made any significant groups among students). Echoes of the fact that this was not an easy task can be seen in the memories of faculty graduates – Anton (monk name – Athanasius) Martos and Mikołaj Lenczewski (Martos, 2005; Lenczewski, 1974, 1992).
The fact that the largest group of teachers and students were ethnic Ukrainians leads some Ukrainian authors to believe that the faculty “partially served as a Ukrainian higher education institution” in interwar Poland (Portnov, 2008: 154). Polish and Belarusian researchers pay less attention to the «national» moment in the functioning of the StTP UW (Bendza M. 2000; Samasiuk, 2008; Baczyński A., Sawicki D., 2018).
In this publication, I will try, based on the personal files of students, reports of the Studium management, as well as other documents (mainly from the archives of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education) to identify and analyze
1. Peculiarities of national self-identification of entrants and students of the Orthodox Theological Faculty
2. Proportions between the number of people of different nationalities in different periods of operation of the StTP UW.
3. The influence of various external factors on the «fluctuations» in the numerical representation of certain national groups among students.
CONFLICT OVER PROPERTY RIGHTS AND
JURISDICTIONAL SUBORDINATION OF THE
ORTHODOX CHURCH OF St. GEORGE IN LVIV
(1919–1939)
During 1918–1939, the Orthodox church of St. George in Lviv was the site
of a number of conflicts. The article, based on archival sources, analyzes the
contradictions that arose between the Polish government and the Orthodox
Metropolitanate in Poland, the differences between the interests of the central and local government, the bureaucratic confrontation between various
ministries and departments of the II Rzeczpospolita. The influence of the
dispute over the ownership of the Lviv church upon the relations between
Poland and Romania in this historical period has been revealed. The conflict
between the Metropolitan of Warsaw Dionizy (Waledyński) and the office of
the Chief Chaplain of the Orthodox Religion of the Polish Army concerning
the right to appoint priests of this church has been considered separately. The
article also describes details of scandals that arose within the Orthodox community of Lviv gathered around St. George church.
The author came to the following conclusions
1. The process of division of property between the states that emerged
after World War I on the ruins of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires, gave rise to a number of complex “incidents”. The issue of ownership of
the church building was resolved more than fifteen years after its inception,
while other property disputes of this kind between Poland and the Kingdom
of Romania were not settled until the beginning of World War II.
2. The conflict over the Lviv church revealed the exceptional difficulty
of reaching balanced compromises between different social (national, confessional) groups in the interwar Poland. As the conflict developed, all new participants were involved, and situational alliances were formed and disintegrated between them. Moreover, belonging to one denomination or national
affinity was not a sufficient guarantee of unification. The state did not always
cope with the function of “mediator” of such conflicts. In addition, there were
contradictions between the understanding of the state interests by different
ministries and departments of the Second Polish Republic.
3. The transfer of the church of St. George under the authority of the
Chief Orthodox Chaplain of the Polish Army was an element of the general
policy of the state towards the Orthodox Church in late 1930s. Metropolitan
Dionizy showed maximum loyalty. However, the Polish government preferred
to deal not just with the loyal Orthodox clergy, but also with rigidly subordinated state bodies and those involved in the process of the “Polonization” of
national minorities.
Keywords: Polish Orthodox Church, Orthodox Church-State relations, Lviv
in 1919–1939, Polish-Romanian diplomatic relations
The article considers the peculiarities of the socio-political discussion that arose in the first years of the Second Polish Rebublic and concerned the future of the largest Orthodox religious building in the region-St. Oleksandr Nevsky Cathedral in Warsaw. The urgency of the topic lies in the need to study the peculiarities of the perception of newcomers after the World War I, states «imperial» architectural heritage and the prospects for the use/destruction of certain landmarks in the new political realities. The subject of the study is the position of certain political, social, scientific and cultural circles in the case of the «church on Saxon Square». The source base of the study are documents deposited in the archives of some Polish ministries and departments (mainly the Ministry of Religious and Public Education), transcripts of parliamentary sessions, as well as a number of publications that appeared in the Polish press during 1918-1923 years. The methodological basis of the article is the principles of historicism, systematics and comparability with the use of cultural-historical and comparative-typological approaches. The author made the following conclusions:-Despite the fact that the cathedral was clearly at odds with the architectural environment and was a reminder of the era of Russian rule, its «fate» was not decided in advance. Parliamentarians, government officials, and representatives of art circles discussed various solutions to the problem. The chances of preserving the building remained until the spring of 1923;-The main «dividing lines» between proponents of different solutions were not strictly determined by belonging to political, religious or professional backgrounds. Representatives of national minorities and the Orthodox Metropolitanate in Poland did not actually take part in the discussions;-One of the motivating factors for a quick and radical government decision in 1923 was the realization of the possible negative consequences of this problem for domestic political stability. The cathedral was dismantled not only as a «symbol of Russian rule» but also as a «pretext for unnecessary conflicts» in the independent Poland.
The article considers the peculiarities of the socio-political discussion that arose in the first years of the Second Polish Rebublic and concerned the future of the largest Orthodox religious building in the region-St. Oleksandr Nevsky Cathedral in Warsaw. The urgency of the topic lies in the need to study the peculiarities of the perception of newcomers after the World War I, states «imperial» architectural heritage and the prospects for the use/destruction of certain landmarks in the new political realities. The subject of the study is the position of certain political, social, scientific and cultural circles in the case of the «church on Saxon Square». The source base of the study are documents deposited in the archives of some Polish ministries and departments (mainly the Ministry of Religious and Public Education), transcripts of parliamentary sessions, as well as a number of publications that appeared in the Polish press during 1918-1923 years. The methodological basis of the article is the principles of historicism, systematics and comparability with the use of cultural-historical and comparative-typological approaches. The author made the following conclusions:-Despite the fact that the cathedral was clearly at odds with the architectural environment and was a reminder of the era of Russian rule, its «fate» was not decided in advance. Parliamentarians, government officials, and representatives of art circles discussed various solutions to the problem. The chances of preserving the building remained until the spring of 1923;-The main «dividing lines» between proponents of different solutions were not strictly determined by belonging to political, religious or professional backgrounds. Representatives of national minorities and the Orthodox Metropolitanate in Poland did not actually take part in the discussions;-One of the motivating factors for a quick and radical government decision in 1923 was the realization of the possible negative consequences of this problem for domestic political stability. The cathedral was dismantled not only as a «symbol of Russian rule» but also as a «pretext for unnecessary conflicts» in the independent Poland.
Celem pracy jest weryfikacja i uzupełnienie informacji o życiu i twórczości słynnego naukowca i działacza kościelnego Mychajła (imię zakonne – Makary) Oksijuka (1884-1961). Nowością naukową pracy jest wprowadzeniu do obiegu naukowego nieznanych wcześniej dokumentów rzucających światło na mało znaną stronę biografii Mychajła Oksijuka. Autorem artykułu dokonano przeglądu esejów biograficznych o życiu, twórczości i karierze M. Oksijuka. Stwierdzono, że istnieją poważne luki w informacjach dotyczących lat dwudziestych i trzydziestych XX wieku. Na podstawie źródeł, dostępnych dziś dla naukowców, nie jest możliwe ustalenie wszystkich okoliczności związanych z pracą byłego profesora Kijowskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Bibliotece Narodowej Ukrainy i Komisji Bizantologicznej Wszechukraińskiej Akademii Nauk. Nieznane pozostają czynniki, które pozwoliły Mychajłu Oksijukowi nie tylko uniknąć represji politycznych, ale także zrobić karierę administracyjną w systemie
Ludowego Komisariatu ds. rolnictwa Ukraińskiej SRR. Publikowane są doku- menty, które rzucają światło na wydarzenia z pierwszej połowy lat dwudziestych XX wieku. Od końca 1923 do początku 1925 roku Mychajło Oksijuk był kandydatem na stanowisko profesora Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Oksijuk został zaproszony do Warszawy przez metropolitę Dionizego (Waledynskiego) i Komisje Organizacyjną Fakultetu Teologii Prawosławnej. Profesor zgodził się na wyjazd do Polski na pobyt stały, w związku z czym utrzymywał kontakty z przedstawicielami polskiej placówki dyplomatycznej w Kijowie. Relacja dyplomaty ze spot- kania i rozmowy z M. Oksijukiem w listopadzie 1923 r. zawiera oceny cech charakteru, poglądów politycznych i stanowiska byłego profesora Kijowskiej Akademii Teologicznej w sprawie szeregu problemów kościelno-administracyj- nych. Oksijuk zadeklarował m.in. zaangażowanie w ideę autokefalii Cerkwi prawosławnej w Polsce i niezgodę z patriarchą rosyjskim Tichonem (Bellawinym), który opowiadał się za podporządkowaniem przez Moskwę diecezji prawosław- nych w granicach odrodzonego państwa polskiego. Wnioski. Informacje zawarte w dokumentach zachowanych w Archiwum Akt Nowych w istotny sposób uzupełniają dane o próbach zaangażowania byłych absolwentów i nauczycieli Kijowskiej Akademii Teologicznej w rozwój prawosławnego szkolnictwa teologicznego w międzywojennej Polsce. Materiały te są również ważnym źród- łem dla badaczy biografii metropolity Macarego – zwierzchnika Polskiego Autokefalicznego Kościoła Prawosławnego w 1951-1961 rr.
Słowa kluczowe: Mychajło Oksijuk (Metropolitan Macary), Dionizy (Waledyński), biografia, Kijowska Akademia Teologiczna, Studium Teologii Prawosławnej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, dyplomacja II Rzeczpospolitej.
The article attempts to find out in the Polish archives copies of the Patriarchal and Synodal-Canonical Tomos of the Ecumenical Patriarchate dated November 13, 1924. The peculiarities of the perception of the status of this document by Polish officials (de facto – as an international agreement) are analyzed. It is determined that the term «authentic Tomos» was used both for the official public copy in Greek and for a copy of the French translation certified by the Chancellery of the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
The dates of receipt of copies of the document in Poland, as well as their transfer to the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education and Warsaw Metropolitan Dionizy (Valedynskiy) of have been set. The information about the place of preservation of the authentic copy in French has been checked and clarified.
Evidence is given in favor of the version that the Greek copy of Tomos was kept in the Polish state archives during 1926-1939, and not in the archives of the Warsaw Orthodox Metropolis. The validity of assumptions about the fate of this copy after 1939 was assessed, in particular, the possibility of finding it in archives outside Poland. A verification of the widespread notion that a key copy of the 1924 Tomos was sent to Moscow in 1948 has been verified.
The author concluded that the uncertainty as to whether the authentic copy of the Tomos 1924 has been preserved «reflects» both the vicissitudes of the struggle for autocephaly of the Polish Orthodox Church and the specifics of state-church relations in different periods.
Key words: Tomos, autocephaly, Ecumenical Patriarchate, Orthodox Church in Poland, Dionyzy (Valedynskiy).
The article clarifies the circumstances of the conviction by the Soviet punitive system of a person who called himself Anton Ivanovich Latyshenko and claimed to be an accomplice in the assassination of Warsaw Metropolitan George (Yaroshevsky). A defector from Poland, who claimed to be a doctor by profession and a priest, told several contradictory (and even mutually exclusive) versions of his biography from December 1924 to April 1926. In an attempt to finally legalize himself in the USSR, Latyshenko attracted the attention of the Joint State Political Directorate, was arrested, and later sentenced to 3 years in prison in the Solovki prison camp and to 3 years in exile in the Urals.
The author verified the data contained in the archival and investigative case of A.Latyshenko, recreated the real chronology of events, established causal links between them. Several variants of the «autobiographies» of the criminal investigation participant were analyzed. A. Latyshenko's key statements are classified on the basis of a philosophical and sociological approach to the interpretation of the historical phenomenon of «impersonation». Hypothetical plans for further attempts to «convert» the false stories of the adventurer into a certain status in Soviet society have been reconstructed.
On the basis of archival sources introduced for the first time into scientific circulation, the author made the following conclusions
1. All the information that A.I. Latyshenko reported about himself in 1924-1926 was completely fictional.
2. The Soviet investigating authorities not only failed to verify most of his allegations, but also failed to establish the true identity of the defector from Poland.
3. This person was not involved in the murder in Warsaw on February 8, 1923.
4. Not only family ties are doubtful, but even Anton Latyshenko’s acquaintance with Archimandrite Smaragd (Pavel Latyshenko).
5. The imposter, most likely, did not come from the clergy, did not have a professional medical education and the priesthood.
Key words: impersonation, archival and criminal cases of the repressed, Smaragd (Latyshenko), the Ukrainian SSR in the early 1920s, Soviet-Polish relations in the 1920s and 1930s.
In this paper, based on analysis of a wide range of sources are determined by the peculiarities of the Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy. In the annex are published documents that relate to the history of the Academy, in particular - the lists of students.
Keywords: Kiev Theological Academy, Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy
Андрей Стародуб (Киев, Украина) Киевская православная богословская академия (1920 – 1924): состав преподавателей, контингент студентов, особенности функционирования
В статье на основе анализа широкого круга источников определяются особенности функционирования Киевской православной богословской академии (наследнице Киевской духовной академии). В приложениях публикуются документы, которые относятся к истории Академии, в частности – списки её студентов.
Ключевые слова: Киевская духовная академия, Киевская православная богословская академия
https://ukrline.info/2021/11/18/na-frontyri/
https://site.ua/andriy.starodub/zolotye-kupola-na-grudi-nakoloty-pro-kazus-francuzkogo-rusofilstva-upd-iynpxrr
Незалежно від трактування головного "підтексту" січневих протестів у Башкирії, самі вони є черговою демонстрацією наявності серйозних суперечностей у "національних" суб'єктах Російської Федерації.
Thesis for a Candidate’s degree on Speciality 07.00.02. – World History. M.S.Hrushevs’ky Institute of the Ukrainian Archeography and Source Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyjiv, 1999.
The thesis to be defended concerns the study of Russian Orthodox Church’s jurisdictional policy in the period of Civil War and the National Revolutions and its Ukrainian aspect in particular. A number of factors that influenced the formation of general principles of Russian Orthodox Church’s jurisdictional policy in the entire Russian Empire are analysed in this paper, which’s complied of original archive sources, most of which are first involved into scientific use. An attempt has been made to reconstruct a number of cases related to the problem of Orthodox Church’s status in the Ukraine as it been taken up at the All-Russian of 1917–1918 and All-Ukrainian of 1918 Sobors (Church Counsils).
Special attention has been paid to the specific of the “Ukrainian policy’s” evolution of ROC in the common Orthodox context. The degree of Ukrainian jurisdictional contradictions’ influences onto national-orthodox movements in North America, Poland, Rumania, Czechoslovakia was estimated here. The issue of probabile recognition of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine as autocephalic is studied here on the background of the redistribution of influence centres in the world of Orthodoxy after break-up of Russian Empire and in the context of contradictions between the Moscow Patriarchate and the Ecumenical Patriarchate.
Key words: Russian Orthodox Church, Sobor (Church Counsil), jurisdiction, autocephaly, autonomy, national-orthodox movement, inter-orthodoxy relations.