Capsaicinoids are secondary metabolites characteristic of plants of the genus Capsicum and are on... more Capsaicinoids are secondary metabolites characteristic of plants of the genus Capsicum and are only found in the pepper fruit. Their biosynthesis occurs mainly in the placental cells as well as in the interlocular septa of the fruit. In the present study, the content of capsaicinoids (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin) was determined by HPLC in two hot pepper cultivars (‘Orkan’ and ‘Bronowicka Ostra’), identifying the percentage of these compounds in the whole fruit and in the following fruit parts: placenta, seeds, pericarp, and pedicle. Significantly more capsaicinoids were found in ‘Bronowicka Ostra’ peppers (262 mg∙kg-1) compared to ‘Orkan’ peppers (175 mg∙kg-1). The highest capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content was found in the placenta (401 mg∙kg-1). The capsaicin content in the whole fruit and its parts is on average more than 10 times higher in relation to the dihydrocapsaicin content. Fruit harvest time contributes to the differences in the capsaicinoid content in the individual fruit parts. A higher capsaicin content was shown in the pericarp and seeds, while the dihydrocapsaicin content was higher in the pedicle of peppers harvested at the later date.
The improvement in zucchini growth in climatic conditions of Poland can be achieved by drip irrig... more The improvement in zucchini growth in climatic conditions of Poland can be achieved by drip irrigation of plants. The effect of drip irrigation on zucchini plants of 'Soraya' variety during different growth phases on size of fruits and content of L-ascorbic acid, nitrates (V) and carotenoids was estimated. In the research plants were irrigated ac- cording to different variants: irrigated during a whole cultivation, irrigated during vegeta- tive growth till fruit sets forming and not irrigated during yielding, not irrigated during vegetative growth till fruit sets forming and irrigated during yielding, not irrigated at all (water in soil came only from precipitation). Irrigation during whole cultivation period and during intensive vegetative growth phase increased yield. Regardless the irrigation method significant values of correlation coefficient for these features were noted. The chemical analysis of zucchini fruits composition showed differentiation of marked ele- ments depending on irrigation method used. The highest content of L-ascorbic acid was in fruits harvested from plants that were not irrigated. Establishment of optimal aquatic- air conditions through improvement in soil humidity during a whole cultivation period of zucchini plants increased content of nitrates in zucchini fruits and decreased carotenes content.
Background Most nanoparticles (NPs) have a significant impact on the structure and function of th... more Background Most nanoparticles (NPs) have a significant impact on the structure and function of the plant photosynthetic apparatus. However, their spectrum of action varies significantly, from beneficial stimulation to toxicity, depending on the type of NPs, the concentration used and plant genotypic diversity. Photosynthetic performance can be assessed through chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) measurements. These data allow to indirectly obtain detailed information about primary light reactions, thylakoid electron transport reactions, dark enzymatic stroma reactions, slow regulatory processes, processes at the pigment level. It makes possible, together with leaf reflectance performance, to evaluate photosynthesis sensitivity to stress stimuli. Results We investigated effects of different metal and metal(oid) oxide nanoparticles on photosynthesis of oakleaf lettuce seedlings by monitoring the chlorophyll a fluorescence light radiation and reflectance from the leaves. Observations of ...
The size and quality of the melon fruit yield depend on the cultivar, climatic and agronomic fact... more The size and quality of the melon fruit yield depend on the cultivar, climatic and agronomic factors. A three-year field experiment investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) application and irrigation (IR) on the fruit yield of melon (Cucumis melo L. var. saccharinus Naud.) cultivars. The study was conducted on a certified organic farm located in south-eastern Poland (51.36° N, 22.83° E). The factors of the experiment were as follows: cultivar (Melba, Emir F1, Seledyn F1, Oliwin) and cultivation method (AMF and IR; AMF and non-IR; non-AMF and IR; non-AMF and non-IR as control). The dry matter (%), soluble solid (%), total sugar and reducing sugar (% fresh weight, FM), L-ascorbic acid (mg · 100 g−1 FM), and carotenoid (mg · 100 g−1 FM) contents of the fruit were determined. The highest total and marketable fruit yields were obtained using AMF and IR. Fruit from the AMF series (IR and non-IR) had the most carotenoids (respectively: 801.5 and 788.8 µg · 100 g−1 FM)....
Artichoke herb is of great pharmaceutical importance, mainly due to the high content of phenolic ... more Artichoke herb is of great pharmaceutical importance, mainly due to the high content of phenolic compounds. This paper presents the effect of late nitrate (N) fertilization with mineral and organic N on the yield of air-dried herb, the total content of polyphenolic acids (TCQA), the polyphenolic profile as well as on the antioxidant activity (AA). These parameters were measured in organic (ORG) and conventional (CON) cropping systems. The principal outcomes revealed that the highest TCQA content was determined in the herbal extracts of ORG management treatments with late N fertilization of 20 kg ha−1. This result explained the highest AA content of the extract in the ABTS+ (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assays. Late N fertilization increased the content of cynarin and ferulic acid in both systems. In addition, chlorogenic acid increased between 37% and 45% in the CON croppin...
Qualitative and quantitative composition of the ess ential oil is subject to different types of v... more Qualitative and quantitative composition of the ess ential oil is subject to different types of variability. The aim of this study was to determine the effect o f irrigation and harvest date on the content and composition of esse ntial oil distilled from leaves, petioles and leaf blades of Apium graveolens L. var. secalinum Alef. Drip irrigation was carried out twice in the third 10 days of July and twice in the third 10 days of August. A single dose of water was 20 mm. The raw material was harve sted on September 7 and October 17, thus collecting leaves after 120 and 161 days o f plant growth, respectively. Irrigation increased the concentration of volatile substances in leaf blades (0.68%) and decreased the content of these components in petioles (0.24%) . Celery leaves harvested in October contained significantly less essential oil (0.34%) compared to those collected in the first 10 days of September (0.53%). Monoterpenes proved t o be the main fraction in the essential oil of le...
Consumer attractiveness and the usefulness for food processing of sweet pepper are determined by ... more Consumer attractiveness and the usefulness for food processing of sweet pepper are determined by fruits quality values. The large weight, thick pericarp and intensive color at physiological ripeness as well as the share of pericarp to the fruit weight are most important. Such sweet pepper cultivars are now available in Poland. These cultivars are adopted to growing in less favourable environmental conditions and they reveal high sta- bility. The aim of this study was evaluate the open field yielding and comparing the utility and biological value of fruits of seven sweet pepper cultivars adapted to growing under less favorable environmental conditions in terms of the fresh vegetables market usefulness for consumption and processing. The highest average marketable yield of fruits was achieved from 'Caryca F1' cv., which was larger in comparison to the yield of 'Roberta F1' and 'Jova' cvs. The yield of remaining cultivars was not significantly different from ...
Capsaicinoids are secondary metabolites characteristic of plants of the genus Capsicum and are on... more Capsaicinoids are secondary metabolites characteristic of plants of the genus Capsicum and are only found in the pepper fruit. Their biosynthesis occurs mainly in the placental cells as well as in the interlocular septa of the fruit. In the present study, the content of capsaicinoids (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin) was determined by HPLC in two hot pepper cultivars (‘Orkan’ and ‘Bronowicka Ostra’), identifying the percentage of these compounds in the whole fruit and in the following fruit parts: placenta, seeds, pericarp, and pedicle. Significantly more capsaicinoids were found in ‘Bronowicka Ostra’ peppers (262 mg∙kg-1) compared to ‘Orkan’ peppers (175 mg∙kg-1). The highest capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content was found in the placenta (401 mg∙kg-1). The capsaicin content in the whole fruit and its parts is on average more than 10 times higher in relation to the dihydrocapsaicin content. Fruit harvest time contributes to the differences in the capsaicinoid content in the individual fruit parts. A higher capsaicin content was shown in the pericarp and seeds, while the dihydrocapsaicin content was higher in the pedicle of peppers harvested at the later date.
The improvement in zucchini growth in climatic conditions of Poland can be achieved by drip irrig... more The improvement in zucchini growth in climatic conditions of Poland can be achieved by drip irrigation of plants. The effect of drip irrigation on zucchini plants of 'Soraya' variety during different growth phases on size of fruits and content of L-ascorbic acid, nitrates (V) and carotenoids was estimated. In the research plants were irrigated ac- cording to different variants: irrigated during a whole cultivation, irrigated during vegeta- tive growth till fruit sets forming and not irrigated during yielding, not irrigated during vegetative growth till fruit sets forming and irrigated during yielding, not irrigated at all (water in soil came only from precipitation). Irrigation during whole cultivation period and during intensive vegetative growth phase increased yield. Regardless the irrigation method significant values of correlation coefficient for these features were noted. The chemical analysis of zucchini fruits composition showed differentiation of marked ele- ments depending on irrigation method used. The highest content of L-ascorbic acid was in fruits harvested from plants that were not irrigated. Establishment of optimal aquatic- air conditions through improvement in soil humidity during a whole cultivation period of zucchini plants increased content of nitrates in zucchini fruits and decreased carotenes content.
Background Most nanoparticles (NPs) have a significant impact on the structure and function of th... more Background Most nanoparticles (NPs) have a significant impact on the structure and function of the plant photosynthetic apparatus. However, their spectrum of action varies significantly, from beneficial stimulation to toxicity, depending on the type of NPs, the concentration used and plant genotypic diversity. Photosynthetic performance can be assessed through chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) measurements. These data allow to indirectly obtain detailed information about primary light reactions, thylakoid electron transport reactions, dark enzymatic stroma reactions, slow regulatory processes, processes at the pigment level. It makes possible, together with leaf reflectance performance, to evaluate photosynthesis sensitivity to stress stimuli. Results We investigated effects of different metal and metal(oid) oxide nanoparticles on photosynthesis of oakleaf lettuce seedlings by monitoring the chlorophyll a fluorescence light radiation and reflectance from the leaves. Observations of ...
The size and quality of the melon fruit yield depend on the cultivar, climatic and agronomic fact... more The size and quality of the melon fruit yield depend on the cultivar, climatic and agronomic factors. A three-year field experiment investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) application and irrigation (IR) on the fruit yield of melon (Cucumis melo L. var. saccharinus Naud.) cultivars. The study was conducted on a certified organic farm located in south-eastern Poland (51.36° N, 22.83° E). The factors of the experiment were as follows: cultivar (Melba, Emir F1, Seledyn F1, Oliwin) and cultivation method (AMF and IR; AMF and non-IR; non-AMF and IR; non-AMF and non-IR as control). The dry matter (%), soluble solid (%), total sugar and reducing sugar (% fresh weight, FM), L-ascorbic acid (mg · 100 g−1 FM), and carotenoid (mg · 100 g−1 FM) contents of the fruit were determined. The highest total and marketable fruit yields were obtained using AMF and IR. Fruit from the AMF series (IR and non-IR) had the most carotenoids (respectively: 801.5 and 788.8 µg · 100 g−1 FM)....
Artichoke herb is of great pharmaceutical importance, mainly due to the high content of phenolic ... more Artichoke herb is of great pharmaceutical importance, mainly due to the high content of phenolic compounds. This paper presents the effect of late nitrate (N) fertilization with mineral and organic N on the yield of air-dried herb, the total content of polyphenolic acids (TCQA), the polyphenolic profile as well as on the antioxidant activity (AA). These parameters were measured in organic (ORG) and conventional (CON) cropping systems. The principal outcomes revealed that the highest TCQA content was determined in the herbal extracts of ORG management treatments with late N fertilization of 20 kg ha−1. This result explained the highest AA content of the extract in the ABTS+ (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assays. Late N fertilization increased the content of cynarin and ferulic acid in both systems. In addition, chlorogenic acid increased between 37% and 45% in the CON croppin...
Qualitative and quantitative composition of the ess ential oil is subject to different types of v... more Qualitative and quantitative composition of the ess ential oil is subject to different types of variability. The aim of this study was to determine the effect o f irrigation and harvest date on the content and composition of esse ntial oil distilled from leaves, petioles and leaf blades of Apium graveolens L. var. secalinum Alef. Drip irrigation was carried out twice in the third 10 days of July and twice in the third 10 days of August. A single dose of water was 20 mm. The raw material was harve sted on September 7 and October 17, thus collecting leaves after 120 and 161 days o f plant growth, respectively. Irrigation increased the concentration of volatile substances in leaf blades (0.68%) and decreased the content of these components in petioles (0.24%) . Celery leaves harvested in October contained significantly less essential oil (0.34%) compared to those collected in the first 10 days of September (0.53%). Monoterpenes proved t o be the main fraction in the essential oil of le...
Consumer attractiveness and the usefulness for food processing of sweet pepper are determined by ... more Consumer attractiveness and the usefulness for food processing of sweet pepper are determined by fruits quality values. The large weight, thick pericarp and intensive color at physiological ripeness as well as the share of pericarp to the fruit weight are most important. Such sweet pepper cultivars are now available in Poland. These cultivars are adopted to growing in less favourable environmental conditions and they reveal high sta- bility. The aim of this study was evaluate the open field yielding and comparing the utility and biological value of fruits of seven sweet pepper cultivars adapted to growing under less favorable environmental conditions in terms of the fresh vegetables market usefulness for consumption and processing. The highest average marketable yield of fruits was achieved from 'Caryca F1' cv., which was larger in comparison to the yield of 'Roberta F1' and 'Jova' cvs. The yield of remaining cultivars was not significantly different from ...
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