It is well known that resting state regional cerebral blood flow is abnormal in obese when compar... more It is well known that resting state regional cerebral blood flow is abnormal in obese when compared to normal-weight subjects but the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are poorly known. To address this issue, we tested the hypothesis that amplitude of resting state cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms differ among underweight, normal-weight, and overweight/obese subjects as a reflection of the relationship between cortical neural synchronization and regulation of body weight. Eyes-closed resting state EEG data were recorded in 16 underweight subjects, 25 normal-weight subjects, and 18 overweight/obese subjects. All subjects were psychophysically healthy (no eating disorders or major psychopathologies). EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4Hz), theta (4-8Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13Hz), beta 1 (13-20Hz), beta 2 (20-30Hz), and gamma (30-40Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). Statistical results showed that parietal and temporal alpha 1 sources fitted the pattern underweight>normal-weight>overweight/obese (p<0.004), whereas occipital alpha 1 sources fitted the pattern normal-weight>underweight>overweight/obese (p<0.00003). Furthermore, amplitude of the parietal, occipital, and temporal alpha 2 sources was stronger in the normal-weight subjects than in the underweight and overweight/obese subjects (p<0.0007). These results suggest that abnormal weight in healthy overweight/obese subjects is related to abnormal cortical neural synchronization at the basis of resting state alpha rhythms and fluctuation of global brain arousal.
Osteoporosis is a common musculoskeletal disorder among the elderly and a chronic condition which... more Osteoporosis is a common musculoskeletal disorder among the elderly and a chronic condition which, like many other chronic conditions, requires long-term clinical management. It is caused by many factors, including lifestyle and obesity. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method to estimate body composition based on a weak electric current flow through the body. The measured voltage is used to calculate body bioelectrical impedance, divided into resistance and reactance, which can be used to estimate body parameters such as total body water (TBW), fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and muscle mass (MM). This study aims to find the tendency of osteoporosis in obese subjects, presenting a method based on hierarchical clustering, which, using BIA parameters, can group patients who show homogeneous characteristics. Grouping similar patients into clusters can be helpful in the field of medicine to identify disorders, pathologies, or more generally, characteristics of significan...
Study purpose. The aim of this study was to examine the levels of physical activity among undergr... more Study purpose. The aim of this study was to examine the levels of physical activity among undergraduates living in ADISU (Agency for the Right to University Study) residences in order to better understand their situations and highlight the differences between male and female students. Materials and methods. Eighty participants between the ages of 18 and 28 were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire was given to each participant who was selected for the study in order to gather general data and measure physical activity levels. Results. 60% of the students involved in this investigation are smokers; nonsmokers show a higher average than smokers, which indicates greater physical activity and higher frequency; 52.3% of female students declare not to practice any PA compared to 26.9% of male students; 9.3% of female students declare to practice PA < 1 time per week, while 15.4% of male students declare to practice PA < 1 time per week; 7.4% of female students declare to practice...
Introduction It is widely demonstrated that high frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic ... more Introduction It is widely demonstrated that high frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has facilitative effects and is therefore capable to inducing changes in motor responses. One of the most investigated areas is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as it plays a special executive attention role in actively preserving access to stimulus representations and objectives in environments with plenty of distraction such as those of team sports. Volleyball is a team sport in which the attention and coordination components are essential for achieving performance. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate if HF rTMS at DLPFC in volleyball players can improve homolateral motor coordination and cortical excitability. Results This study was a double-blinded (participant and evaluator) matched-pair experimental design. Twenty right-handed female volleyball players were recruited for the study and were randomly assigned either the active rTMS (n = 10) or ...
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant transformation in the field of telehea... more Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant transformation in the field of telehealth and telemedicine, as systems have been improved to meet the increased demand for remote healthcare services. Many ordinary technologies have been equipped to facilitate the normal relationship between patients and specialists. These technologies were put into action in a short period of time, creating a gap between the limits of common technologies and the special needs of telemedicine patients. Furthermore, focusing the lens on the special needs of sports in terms of nutrition, we see that research demonstrates the possibility of improving athletic performance by introducing technological diet support. This review aims to provide an overview of the technologies successfully implemented in telemedicine systems, a look at new modeling approaches, and a study on the roles of new enabling technologies in the process. It aims to highlight the results of the employment of telemedicine in ...
The ketogenic diet (KD), a diet high in fat and protein but low in carbohydrates, is gaining much... more The ketogenic diet (KD), a diet high in fat and protein but low in carbohydrates, is gaining much interest due to its positive effects, especially in neurodegenerative diseases. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), the major ketone body produced during the carbohydrate deprivation that occurs in KD, is assumed to have neuroprotective effects, although the molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects are still unclear. Microglial cell activation plays a key role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, resulting in the production of several proinflammatory secondary metabolites. The following study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which BHB determines the activation processes of BV2 microglial cells, such as polarization, cell migration and expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, in the absence or in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a proinflammatory stimulus. The results showed that BHB has a neuroprotective effect in BV2 cells, inducing both micro...
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Introduction and aim. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorde... more Introduction and aim. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) neurobiology reveals a complex picture of altered excitation-inhibition balance, aberrant neuronal and neurotransmitter activity, and network disorganization that could be addressed through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In this paper, we provide a narrative review of the most recent literature on the use of TMS to treat patients with ASD and ADHD. Material and methods. Literature search from 2018 up to November 2022 has been conducted on PubMed database. Keywords reflected diagnoses and treatment modalities of interest. Analysis of the literature. Eleven clinical trials regarding the use of TMS as a therapeutic tool in ASD, and seven studies (of which 3 are case reports) for ADHD have been reported. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is the most frequent area stimulated. Heterogeneity in stimulation parameters, patient age, and outcome measures limi...
CrossFit is recognized as one of the fastest growing modes of high-intensity functional training.... more CrossFit is recognized as one of the fastest growing modes of high-intensity functional training. This strength and conditioning program is used to optimize physical competence in ten fitness domains: (1) cardiovascular/ respiratory endurance, (2) stamina, (3) strength, (4) flexibility, (5) power, (6) speed, (7) coordination, (8) agility, (9) balance, and (10) accuracy. The aim of this review is to provide an overview related to Crossfit and its implication in aerobic and anaerobic parameters. Specifically, in this work, we will discuss the impact that this type of physical activity can have on a physiological level. Furthermore, the tools will be provided to understand how, by modulating the intensity, one can have benefits at an aerobic and anaerobic level. We will also review studies using CF as a resistance training methodology and finally discuss the findings of the various studies and provide recommendations for future studies.
Study purpose. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of three sessions of aerobic traini... more Study purpose. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of three sessions of aerobic training, for a period of 12 weeks, on VO2max and on the distance covered during the test. Materials and Methods. Fifteen sedentary males were recruited in this study. VO2max was investigated using Cooper test. Aerobic intervention lasted for 12 weeks. The exercise the subjects were performing for the first 6 weeks was supervised aerobic training, 3 times per week at 60–75% of heart rate max (HRmax) (The first two weeks at 60–65 % HRmax, third and fourth week at 65–70% HRmax, fifth and sixth week at 70–75% HRmax). Afterwards, the subjects continued supervised aerobic training for 6 weeks until the twelfth week at 70–75% HRmax. Results. After 8 weeks of aerobic training, a significant increase in distance covered during the Cooper test (p<0.001) and a significant increase in VO2max (p < 0.001) were observed. Conclusions. In this study, it was found that 12 weeks of aerobic training have a...
The heart rate variability (HRV) changes under different situations such as physical exercise, st... more The heart rate variability (HRV) changes under different situations such as physical exercise, stress and in obese/ overweight subjects. It is considered a noninvasive marker of autonomic nervous system function. The aim of this narrative review was to discuss the relationship between HRV and physical exercise. Moreover, we will make an overview about HRV and stress, and HRV and body composition. There are a large number of studies dealing with HRV, however, few of them explain relationship between HRV and physical exercise, stress and body composition. HRV has proved to be a valuable tool to investigate the sympathetic and parasympathetic function of the ANS. Nonlinear parameters can be used to analyze the health of the subjects and is also used to investigate the stress and the physical exercise level. Despite the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated, these finding can be used as a starting point to determine a non-invasive index of cardiac wellness for clinical and nutri...
FIORENZO MOSCATELLI1,§, ANNA VALENZANO1§, VINCENZO MONDA2, MARIA RUBERTO3, GIUSEPPE MONDA1, ANTON... more FIORENZO MOSCATELLI1,§, ANNA VALENZANO1§, VINCENZO MONDA2, MARIA RUBERTO3, GIUSEPPE MONDA1, ANTONIO I.TRIGGIANI1, EMANUELE MONDA1, SERGIO CHIEFFI2, INES VILLANO2, LUCIA PARISI4, MICHELE ROCCELLA4, ANTONIETTA MESSINA2,* 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy 2Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Italy 3Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Italy 4Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy
RAFFAELE SPERANDEO1,§, MAURO N. MALDONATO2,§, ANTONIETTA MESSINA2,9, PASQUALE COZZOLINO3, MARCELL... more RAFFAELE SPERANDEO1,§, MAURO N. MALDONATO2,§, ANTONIETTA MESSINA2,9, PASQUALE COZZOLINO3, MARCELLINO MONDA2, FRANCESCO CERRONI4, PALMIRA ROMANO4, MARGHERITA SALERNO6, AGATA MALTESE6, MICHELE ROCCELLA6, LUCIA PARISI6, GABRIELE TRIPI7, FIORENZO MOSCATELLI8, FRANCESCO SESSA8, MONICA SALERNO8, GIUSEPPE CIBELLI8, GIOVANNI MESSINA8, VINCENZO MONDA9, SERGIO CHIEFFI9, INES VILLANO9, EMANUELE MONDA9, MARIA RUBERTO10, GABRIELLA MARSALA11, ROSA MAROTTA R5, ANNA VALENZANO8* 1Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania, Naples, Italy 2Department of Human science, Università della Basilicata, Italy 3SiPGI Postgraduate School of Integrated Gestalt Psychotherapy, D.M. 12.10.2007 Naples, Italy 4Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Italy 5Department of Health Sciences, Uni...
The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2020
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity or aerobic exercise is well known to increase brain plastici... more BACKGROUND Regular physical activity or aerobic exercise is well known to increase brain plasticity. Recent studies have reported that aerobic exercise enhances neuroplasticity and motor learning. The aim of this study was to investigate if 12 weeks' aerobic training can modify cortical excitability and motor evoked potential (MEP) responses. METHODS Fifteen untrained males were recruited. Cortical excitability was investigated using TMS. VO2max was estimated using Cooper's test. Aerobic intervention lasted 12 weeks. The subjects performed a 6-week supervised aerobic workout, 3 times a week, at 60-75% of their maximum heart rate (HRmax). Over the following 6 weeks,they performed a supervised aerobic workout 3 times a week at 70-75% of FCmax. RESULTS After 8 weeks of aerobic training there was a significant increase of distance covered during Cooper's test (p<0.001) and a significant increase of VO2max (p<0.001); there was also an improvement in resting motor threshold (rMT decreased from 60.5%±6.6 (T0) to 55.8%±5.9 (T2); p<0.001), motor evoked potential latency decreased (from 25.3ms±0.8 (T0) to 24.1ms±0.8 (T2); p<0.001), and motor evoked potential amplitude increased (from 0.58mV±0.09 (T0) to 0.65mV±0.08 (T2); p<0.001). Furthermore, after 12 weeks' aerobic training there were improvements in all parameters. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that aerobic activity seems to induce changes 34 in cortical excitability if performed for a period longer than 4 weeks, in addition to typical cardiorespiratory benefits in previously untrained males.
It is well known that resting state regional cerebral blood flow is abnormal in obese when compar... more It is well known that resting state regional cerebral blood flow is abnormal in obese when compared to normal-weight subjects but the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are poorly known. To address this issue, we tested the hypothesis that amplitude of resting state cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms differ among underweight, normal-weight, and overweight/obese subjects as a reflection of the relationship between cortical neural synchronization and regulation of body weight. Eyes-closed resting state EEG data were recorded in 16 underweight subjects, 25 normal-weight subjects, and 18 overweight/obese subjects. All subjects were psychophysically healthy (no eating disorders or major psychopathologies). EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4Hz), theta (4-8Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13Hz), beta 1 (13-20Hz), beta 2 (20-30Hz), and gamma (30-40Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). Statistical results showed that parietal and temporal alpha 1 sources fitted the pattern underweight&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;normal-weight&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;overweight/obese (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.004), whereas occipital alpha 1 sources fitted the pattern normal-weight&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;underweight&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;overweight/obese (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.00003). Furthermore, amplitude of the parietal, occipital, and temporal alpha 2 sources was stronger in the normal-weight subjects than in the underweight and overweight/obese subjects (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.0007). These results suggest that abnormal weight in healthy overweight/obese subjects is related to abnormal cortical neural synchronization at the basis of resting state alpha rhythms and fluctuation of global brain arousal.
Osteoporosis is a common musculoskeletal disorder among the elderly and a chronic condition which... more Osteoporosis is a common musculoskeletal disorder among the elderly and a chronic condition which, like many other chronic conditions, requires long-term clinical management. It is caused by many factors, including lifestyle and obesity. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method to estimate body composition based on a weak electric current flow through the body. The measured voltage is used to calculate body bioelectrical impedance, divided into resistance and reactance, which can be used to estimate body parameters such as total body water (TBW), fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and muscle mass (MM). This study aims to find the tendency of osteoporosis in obese subjects, presenting a method based on hierarchical clustering, which, using BIA parameters, can group patients who show homogeneous characteristics. Grouping similar patients into clusters can be helpful in the field of medicine to identify disorders, pathologies, or more generally, characteristics of significan...
Study purpose. The aim of this study was to examine the levels of physical activity among undergr... more Study purpose. The aim of this study was to examine the levels of physical activity among undergraduates living in ADISU (Agency for the Right to University Study) residences in order to better understand their situations and highlight the differences between male and female students. Materials and methods. Eighty participants between the ages of 18 and 28 were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire was given to each participant who was selected for the study in order to gather general data and measure physical activity levels. Results. 60% of the students involved in this investigation are smokers; nonsmokers show a higher average than smokers, which indicates greater physical activity and higher frequency; 52.3% of female students declare not to practice any PA compared to 26.9% of male students; 9.3% of female students declare to practice PA < 1 time per week, while 15.4% of male students declare to practice PA < 1 time per week; 7.4% of female students declare to practice...
Introduction It is widely demonstrated that high frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic ... more Introduction It is widely demonstrated that high frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has facilitative effects and is therefore capable to inducing changes in motor responses. One of the most investigated areas is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as it plays a special executive attention role in actively preserving access to stimulus representations and objectives in environments with plenty of distraction such as those of team sports. Volleyball is a team sport in which the attention and coordination components are essential for achieving performance. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate if HF rTMS at DLPFC in volleyball players can improve homolateral motor coordination and cortical excitability. Results This study was a double-blinded (participant and evaluator) matched-pair experimental design. Twenty right-handed female volleyball players were recruited for the study and were randomly assigned either the active rTMS (n = 10) or ...
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant transformation in the field of telehea... more Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant transformation in the field of telehealth and telemedicine, as systems have been improved to meet the increased demand for remote healthcare services. Many ordinary technologies have been equipped to facilitate the normal relationship between patients and specialists. These technologies were put into action in a short period of time, creating a gap between the limits of common technologies and the special needs of telemedicine patients. Furthermore, focusing the lens on the special needs of sports in terms of nutrition, we see that research demonstrates the possibility of improving athletic performance by introducing technological diet support. This review aims to provide an overview of the technologies successfully implemented in telemedicine systems, a look at new modeling approaches, and a study on the roles of new enabling technologies in the process. It aims to highlight the results of the employment of telemedicine in ...
The ketogenic diet (KD), a diet high in fat and protein but low in carbohydrates, is gaining much... more The ketogenic diet (KD), a diet high in fat and protein but low in carbohydrates, is gaining much interest due to its positive effects, especially in neurodegenerative diseases. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), the major ketone body produced during the carbohydrate deprivation that occurs in KD, is assumed to have neuroprotective effects, although the molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects are still unclear. Microglial cell activation plays a key role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, resulting in the production of several proinflammatory secondary metabolites. The following study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which BHB determines the activation processes of BV2 microglial cells, such as polarization, cell migration and expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, in the absence or in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a proinflammatory stimulus. The results showed that BHB has a neuroprotective effect in BV2 cells, inducing both micro...
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Introduction and aim. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorde... more Introduction and aim. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) neurobiology reveals a complex picture of altered excitation-inhibition balance, aberrant neuronal and neurotransmitter activity, and network disorganization that could be addressed through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In this paper, we provide a narrative review of the most recent literature on the use of TMS to treat patients with ASD and ADHD. Material and methods. Literature search from 2018 up to November 2022 has been conducted on PubMed database. Keywords reflected diagnoses and treatment modalities of interest. Analysis of the literature. Eleven clinical trials regarding the use of TMS as a therapeutic tool in ASD, and seven studies (of which 3 are case reports) for ADHD have been reported. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is the most frequent area stimulated. Heterogeneity in stimulation parameters, patient age, and outcome measures limi...
CrossFit is recognized as one of the fastest growing modes of high-intensity functional training.... more CrossFit is recognized as one of the fastest growing modes of high-intensity functional training. This strength and conditioning program is used to optimize physical competence in ten fitness domains: (1) cardiovascular/ respiratory endurance, (2) stamina, (3) strength, (4) flexibility, (5) power, (6) speed, (7) coordination, (8) agility, (9) balance, and (10) accuracy. The aim of this review is to provide an overview related to Crossfit and its implication in aerobic and anaerobic parameters. Specifically, in this work, we will discuss the impact that this type of physical activity can have on a physiological level. Furthermore, the tools will be provided to understand how, by modulating the intensity, one can have benefits at an aerobic and anaerobic level. We will also review studies using CF as a resistance training methodology and finally discuss the findings of the various studies and provide recommendations for future studies.
Study purpose. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of three sessions of aerobic traini... more Study purpose. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of three sessions of aerobic training, for a period of 12 weeks, on VO2max and on the distance covered during the test. Materials and Methods. Fifteen sedentary males were recruited in this study. VO2max was investigated using Cooper test. Aerobic intervention lasted for 12 weeks. The exercise the subjects were performing for the first 6 weeks was supervised aerobic training, 3 times per week at 60–75% of heart rate max (HRmax) (The first two weeks at 60–65 % HRmax, third and fourth week at 65–70% HRmax, fifth and sixth week at 70–75% HRmax). Afterwards, the subjects continued supervised aerobic training for 6 weeks until the twelfth week at 70–75% HRmax. Results. After 8 weeks of aerobic training, a significant increase in distance covered during the Cooper test (p<0.001) and a significant increase in VO2max (p < 0.001) were observed. Conclusions. In this study, it was found that 12 weeks of aerobic training have a...
The heart rate variability (HRV) changes under different situations such as physical exercise, st... more The heart rate variability (HRV) changes under different situations such as physical exercise, stress and in obese/ overweight subjects. It is considered a noninvasive marker of autonomic nervous system function. The aim of this narrative review was to discuss the relationship between HRV and physical exercise. Moreover, we will make an overview about HRV and stress, and HRV and body composition. There are a large number of studies dealing with HRV, however, few of them explain relationship between HRV and physical exercise, stress and body composition. HRV has proved to be a valuable tool to investigate the sympathetic and parasympathetic function of the ANS. Nonlinear parameters can be used to analyze the health of the subjects and is also used to investigate the stress and the physical exercise level. Despite the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated, these finding can be used as a starting point to determine a non-invasive index of cardiac wellness for clinical and nutri...
FIORENZO MOSCATELLI1,§, ANNA VALENZANO1§, VINCENZO MONDA2, MARIA RUBERTO3, GIUSEPPE MONDA1, ANTON... more FIORENZO MOSCATELLI1,§, ANNA VALENZANO1§, VINCENZO MONDA2, MARIA RUBERTO3, GIUSEPPE MONDA1, ANTONIO I.TRIGGIANI1, EMANUELE MONDA1, SERGIO CHIEFFI2, INES VILLANO2, LUCIA PARISI4, MICHELE ROCCELLA4, ANTONIETTA MESSINA2,* 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy 2Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Italy 3Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Italy 4Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy
RAFFAELE SPERANDEO1,§, MAURO N. MALDONATO2,§, ANTONIETTA MESSINA2,9, PASQUALE COZZOLINO3, MARCELL... more RAFFAELE SPERANDEO1,§, MAURO N. MALDONATO2,§, ANTONIETTA MESSINA2,9, PASQUALE COZZOLINO3, MARCELLINO MONDA2, FRANCESCO CERRONI4, PALMIRA ROMANO4, MARGHERITA SALERNO6, AGATA MALTESE6, MICHELE ROCCELLA6, LUCIA PARISI6, GABRIELE TRIPI7, FIORENZO MOSCATELLI8, FRANCESCO SESSA8, MONICA SALERNO8, GIUSEPPE CIBELLI8, GIOVANNI MESSINA8, VINCENZO MONDA9, SERGIO CHIEFFI9, INES VILLANO9, EMANUELE MONDA9, MARIA RUBERTO10, GABRIELLA MARSALA11, ROSA MAROTTA R5, ANNA VALENZANO8* 1Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania, Naples, Italy 2Department of Human science, Università della Basilicata, Italy 3SiPGI Postgraduate School of Integrated Gestalt Psychotherapy, D.M. 12.10.2007 Naples, Italy 4Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Italy 5Department of Health Sciences, Uni...
The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2020
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity or aerobic exercise is well known to increase brain plastici... more BACKGROUND Regular physical activity or aerobic exercise is well known to increase brain plasticity. Recent studies have reported that aerobic exercise enhances neuroplasticity and motor learning. The aim of this study was to investigate if 12 weeks' aerobic training can modify cortical excitability and motor evoked potential (MEP) responses. METHODS Fifteen untrained males were recruited. Cortical excitability was investigated using TMS. VO2max was estimated using Cooper's test. Aerobic intervention lasted 12 weeks. The subjects performed a 6-week supervised aerobic workout, 3 times a week, at 60-75% of their maximum heart rate (HRmax). Over the following 6 weeks,they performed a supervised aerobic workout 3 times a week at 70-75% of FCmax. RESULTS After 8 weeks of aerobic training there was a significant increase of distance covered during Cooper's test (p<0.001) and a significant increase of VO2max (p<0.001); there was also an improvement in resting motor threshold (rMT decreased from 60.5%±6.6 (T0) to 55.8%±5.9 (T2); p<0.001), motor evoked potential latency decreased (from 25.3ms±0.8 (T0) to 24.1ms±0.8 (T2); p<0.001), and motor evoked potential amplitude increased (from 0.58mV±0.09 (T0) to 0.65mV±0.08 (T2); p<0.001). Furthermore, after 12 weeks' aerobic training there were improvements in all parameters. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that aerobic activity seems to induce changes 34 in cortical excitability if performed for a period longer than 4 weeks, in addition to typical cardiorespiratory benefits in previously untrained males.
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