Descriptive research is used to answer descriptive research questions: What is happening? How is ... more Descriptive research is used to answer descriptive research questions: What is happening? How is something happening? Why is something happening? Examples: • What is the average age at which children learn to walk? • What is the association between birth order and social skills? • How does self esteem differ among adolescents who differ in the timing of their puberty? • Why does school climate influence student achievement? Descriptive research designs include the following: 1. Simple descriptive • data are collected to describe • researcher administers a survey to a random sample of autistic children in order to describe the characteristics of the population of autistic children Ex1: What percent of children are autistic? Ex2: Given the spectrum of disorders within autism, what is the range of functioning? 2. Comparative descriptive • describes two or more groups for comparison • researcher administers a depression inventory to popular, rejected, and neglected students Ex1: What are the depression levels of popular vs. rejected, vs. neglected students? Ex2: What is the percentage of male vs. female students who are popular? Ex3: What is the percentage of males vs. females who are depressed? Hint: It may help to think about different levels/categories of your topic and/or different subject variables. 3. Correlational • describe the statistical association between two or more variables • researcher measures the student-teacher ratio in each classroom in a school district and measures the average student achievement on the state assessment in each of these same classrooms. Next the researcher uses statistical techniques to measure whether the student-teacher ratio and student achievement in the school district are connected numerically; for example, when the student-teacher ratio changes in value, so does student achievement. Note: the researcher did not manipulate the student-teacher ratio, they simply measured/captured a pre-existing value. Ex1: What is the relationship between severity of autism and others' helping behaviors (the more sever the autism the more or less others help you)? Ex2: What is the relationship between GPA and degree of popularity?
Descriptive research is used to answer descriptive research questions: What is happening? How is ... more Descriptive research is used to answer descriptive research questions: What is happening? How is something happening? Why is something happening? Examples: • What is the average age at which children learn to walk? • What is the association between birth order and social skills? • How does self esteem differ among adolescents who differ in the timing of their puberty? • Why does school climate influence student achievement? Descriptive research designs include the following: 1. Simple descriptive • data are collected to describe • researcher administers a survey to a random sample of autistic children in order to describe the characteristics of the population of autistic children Ex1: What percent of children are autistic? Ex2: Given the spectrum of disorders within autism, what is the range of functioning? 2. Comparative descriptive • describes two or more groups for comparison • researcher administers a depression inventory to popular, rejected, and neglected students Ex1: What are the depression levels of popular vs. rejected, vs. neglected students? Ex2: What is the percentage of male vs. female students who are popular? Ex3: What is the percentage of males vs. females who are depressed? Hint: It may help to think about different levels/categories of your topic and/or different subject variables. 3. Correlational • describe the statistical association between two or more variables • researcher measures the student-teacher ratio in each classroom in a school district and measures the average student achievement on the state assessment in each of these same classrooms. Next the researcher uses statistical techniques to measure whether the student-teacher ratio and student achievement in the school district are connected numerically; for example, when the student-teacher ratio changes in value, so does student achievement. Note: the researcher did not manipulate the student-teacher ratio, they simply measured/captured a pre-existing value. Ex1: What is the relationship between severity of autism and others' helping behaviors (the more sever the autism the more or less others help you)? Ex2: What is the relationship between GPA and degree of popularity?
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