The release mechanisms and the diffusion coefficients of salicylic acid -loaded polyacrylamide hy... more The release mechanisms and the diffusion coefficients of salicylic acid -loaded polyacrylamide hydrogels were investigated experimentally by using a modified Franz-Diffusion cell at the temperature of 37 ^0C to determine the effects of crosslinking ratio and electric field strength. The fabricated hydrogels retain their physical shapes and sizes during the experiments along with data reproducibility. A significant amount of salicylic is released within 48 hours from the hydrogels of various crosslinking ratios with and without electric field; the release profile follows the Q vs. t^1/2 relationship. Diffusion coefficients, as determined from the Higuchi equation, increase with electric field strength and reach maximum values at electric field strength of 0.1 V due to the electrophoresis of salicylic drug and become saturated at electric field strengths between 0.5 -- 10 V.
The release mechanisms and the diffusion coefficients of salicylic acid -loaded polyacrylamide hy... more The release mechanisms and the diffusion coefficients of salicylic acid -loaded polyacrylamide hydrogels were investigated experimentally by using a modified Franz-diffusion cell at 37 ^oC to determine the effects of crosslinking ratio and electric field strength. A significant amount of salicylic acid is released within 48 hours from the hydrogels of various crosslinking ratios, with and without electric field. The release characteristic follows the Q vs. t^1/2 linear relationship. Diffusion coefficient initially increases with increasing electric field strength and reaches the maximum value at electric field strength of 0.1 V; beyond that it decreases with electric field strength and becomes saturated at electric field strength of 5 V. The diffusion coefficient increases at low electric field strength (less 0.1 V) as a result of the electrophoresis of the salicylic acid, the expansion of pore size, and the induced pathway in pigskin. For electric field strength higher than 0.1 V, ...
Alumina particles is a ceramic powder used as a dispersed phase or filler to reinforce the mechan... more Alumina particles is a ceramic powder used as a dispersed phase or filler to reinforce the mechanical properties and improve thermal properties of natural rubber foams via the vulcanization process at curing temperature 150°C with a two-roll mill. The amount of alumina added in natural rubber foams were varied from 0 to 60 phr on 100 phr of natural rubber in a sulfur curing system. The sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and N,N′-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine (DNPT) were used as foaming agents. The sponge rubber composite foams were characterized for the microstructure, phase formation, thermal property, particle size distribution, and mechanical property by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), particle size analyzer, and compression set testing. The fabricated sponge rubber composite foams have distinctive characteristics such as light weight and good mechanical and thermal properties suitable for energy absorption such as therma...
Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences, 2014
Perovskite lead zirconate ( PbZrO 3) was synthesized in an orthorhombic form at a temperature bel... more Perovskite lead zirconate ( PbZrO 3) was synthesized in an orthorhombic form at a temperature below the Curie temperature, TC. The orthorhombic form is a noncentrosymmetric structure which is capable of spontaneous polarization. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm the successful synthesis of the lead zirconate; and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs indicate that PbZrO 3 particles are moderately dispersed in the natural rubber (NR) matrix. Without an electrical field, the particles merely act as a ferroelectric filler, which can absorb and store additional stress. Under an electrical field, particle-induced dipole moments are generated, leading to interparticle interaction and a substantial increase in the storage modulus. At a small amount of lead zirconate particulates present in the natural rubber matrix, at a volume fraction of 0.007306, the electrical conductivity increases dramatically by nearly two orders of magni...
The release mechanisms and the diffusion coefficients of salicylic acid -loaded polyacrylamide hy... more The release mechanisms and the diffusion coefficients of salicylic acid -loaded polyacrylamide hydrogels were investigated experimentally by using a modified Franz-Diffusion cell at the temperature of 37 ^0C to determine the effects of crosslinking ratio and electric field strength. The fabricated hydrogels retain their physical shapes and sizes during the experiments along with data reproducibility. A significant amount of salicylic is released within 48 hours from the hydrogels of various crosslinking ratios with and without electric field; the release profile follows the Q vs. t^1/2 relationship. Diffusion coefficients, as determined from the Higuchi equation, increase with electric field strength and reach maximum values at electric field strength of 0.1 V due to the electrophoresis of salicylic drug and become saturated at electric field strengths between 0.5 -- 10 V.
The release mechanisms and the diffusion coefficients of salicylic acid -loaded polyacrylamide hy... more The release mechanisms and the diffusion coefficients of salicylic acid -loaded polyacrylamide hydrogels were investigated experimentally by using a modified Franz-diffusion cell at 37 ^oC to determine the effects of crosslinking ratio and electric field strength. A significant amount of salicylic acid is released within 48 hours from the hydrogels of various crosslinking ratios, with and without electric field. The release characteristic follows the Q vs. t^1/2 linear relationship. Diffusion coefficient initially increases with increasing electric field strength and reaches the maximum value at electric field strength of 0.1 V; beyond that it decreases with electric field strength and becomes saturated at electric field strength of 5 V. The diffusion coefficient increases at low electric field strength (less 0.1 V) as a result of the electrophoresis of the salicylic acid, the expansion of pore size, and the induced pathway in pigskin. For electric field strength higher than 0.1 V, ...
Alumina particles is a ceramic powder used as a dispersed phase or filler to reinforce the mechan... more Alumina particles is a ceramic powder used as a dispersed phase or filler to reinforce the mechanical properties and improve thermal properties of natural rubber foams via the vulcanization process at curing temperature 150°C with a two-roll mill. The amount of alumina added in natural rubber foams were varied from 0 to 60 phr on 100 phr of natural rubber in a sulfur curing system. The sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and N,N′-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine (DNPT) were used as foaming agents. The sponge rubber composite foams were characterized for the microstructure, phase formation, thermal property, particle size distribution, and mechanical property by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), particle size analyzer, and compression set testing. The fabricated sponge rubber composite foams have distinctive characteristics such as light weight and good mechanical and thermal properties suitable for energy absorption such as therma...
Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences, 2014
Perovskite lead zirconate ( PbZrO 3) was synthesized in an orthorhombic form at a temperature bel... more Perovskite lead zirconate ( PbZrO 3) was synthesized in an orthorhombic form at a temperature below the Curie temperature, TC. The orthorhombic form is a noncentrosymmetric structure which is capable of spontaneous polarization. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm the successful synthesis of the lead zirconate; and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs indicate that PbZrO 3 particles are moderately dispersed in the natural rubber (NR) matrix. Without an electrical field, the particles merely act as a ferroelectric filler, which can absorb and store additional stress. Under an electrical field, particle-induced dipole moments are generated, leading to interparticle interaction and a substantial increase in the storage modulus. At a small amount of lead zirconate particulates present in the natural rubber matrix, at a volume fraction of 0.007306, the electrical conductivity increases dramatically by nearly two orders of magni...
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