The basic and pyrrolic nitrogen compounds presents in two heavy cuts and their hydrogenation prod... more The basic and pyrrolic nitrogen compounds presents in two heavy cuts and their hydrogenation products from Brazilian crude oils were isolated by liquid chromatography on basic and acid alumina. The compounds presents in the pyrrolic fraction were identified by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. No significant qualitative differences were seen between the cuts and their hydrogenation products. The identification of basic nitrogen compounds was not conclusive and will be the aim of future study
The goal of the present work was to test the response of Perna perna to oil contamination in the ... more The goal of the present work was to test the response of Perna perna to oil contamination in the marine environment. Mussels Perna perna were collected on several occasions from the pillars of Rio-Niteroi Bridge, Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, including after a major spill of MFO380 in January 2000. Condition index evaluation and neutral red assay were carried out
RESUMO Hidrocarbonetos policiclicos e alifaticos foram determinados em amostras de agua do mar su... more RESUMO Hidrocarbonetos policiclicos e alifaticos foram determinados em amostras de agua do mar superficial coletadas na area da Bacia de Campos compreendida entre o Cabo de Sao Tome e Cabo Frio e as isobatas de 25 e 3.000 m (oito isobatas e nove perfis perpendiculares a costa), totalizando 72 estacoes de coleta visitadas em dois periodos aqui denominados chuvoso e seco. As amostras para determinacao de hidrocarbonetos foram extraidas segundo o metodo EPA 3510. Os hidrocarbonetos alifaticos, hidrocarbonetos totais de petroleo (HTP), hidrocarbonetos policiclicos aromaticos (HPAs), fenois e benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos (BTEX) foram determinados segundo os metodos EPA 8015B, EPA 8270C e EPA 502.2, respectivamente. As concentracoes de todos os compostos mostraram-se baixas nas duas campanhas de amostragem. Fenois e BTEX mostraram-se abaixo do limite de quantificacao do metodo. Porem, no periodo seco, foi observada a presenca de n-alcanos e de mistura complexa nao resolvida (MCNR) com caracteristicas de origem petrogenica degradada ou nao.
PAHs are widely present in nature and derive from several natural or anthropogenic sources. To th... more PAHs are widely present in nature and derive from several natural or anthropogenic sources. To the latter case belong oil and fuel leakages and the incomplete combustion of organic matters, such as gas, coal, oil and forest. Due to the carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of PAHs on human beings several world organizations have included these compounds in the list of prioritary pollutants to be checked. In terms of the matrix complexity (water, sediment and soil) and the existence of different requirements in the Company, this paper considered two main outlooks. The first outlook concerns PAHs analyses in water and sediments, related to environmental monitoring programs. In these cases the number of analyses performed is very large and the aim is to screen the contamination degree of the region. Therefore the fluorescence seems to be the most appropriate both in terms of the analysis time as well as the cost and the kind of information provided: total PAHs. The other approach conce...
The basic and pyrrolic nitrogen compounds presents in two heavy cuts and their hydrogenation prod... more The basic and pyrrolic nitrogen compounds presents in two heavy cuts and their hydrogenation products from Brazilian crude oils were isolated by liquid chromatography on basic and acid alumina. The compounds presents in the pyrrolic fraction were identified by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. No significant qualitative differences were seen between the cuts and their hydrogenation products. The identification of basic nitrogen compounds was not conclusive and will be the aim of future study
Concentrations of PAHs and metals were obtained from mussels collected in beaches, coastal island... more Concentrations of PAHs and metals were obtained from mussels collected in beaches, coastal island and estuary of the Macaé coast, the main operational basin for offshore oil exploration in Brazil. This survey provides reference levels for scenarios of increasing exploration, as well as for other areas of the coast undergoing urbanization to support exploration. As expected, urban areas such as the Macaé river estuary presented high concentrations of PAHs, although unsuspected sites such the island also presented signs of contamination. PAH in mussels originated from pyrolytic and petrogenic sources. Metals were typical of non-contaminated coastal environments, although Cr concentrations were above Brazilian Reference Levels.
The investigation aimed primarily at understanding the PAH record in inter-tidal mussel tissues a... more The investigation aimed primarily at understanding the PAH record in inter-tidal mussel tissues and evaluating the bivalve performance as a bioindicator for oil contamination. The species Perna perna was used as test organism since it is abundantly distributed in coastal areas of the Americas, Africa and elsewhere. The study was carried out in Guanabara Bay and comprised two observation phases: phase one included seasonal sampling in 8 sites, whereas in phase two 4 sites were examined over 4 years. Among the 35 determined PAH (60-90 microg kg(-1) up to 4000-6000 microg kg(-1)) alkylated homologues predominated by more than 80%. The PAH profile in inter-tidal mussels is largely petrogenic with high contribution of dibenzothiophenes (DBT) and phenanthrenes (Ph). The prevailing petrogenic fingerprint, confirmed by diagnostic ratios, is linked to the properties of the inter-tidal habitat, which favors exposure to oil films. C2DBT/C2Ph and C3DBT/C3Ph ratios, however, show a wide range of...
Average number molecular weights of linear alkanes found in the distillation cuts of a crude oil ... more Average number molecular weights of linear alkanes found in the distillation cuts of a crude oil were indirectly investigated by vapor pressure osmometry, focusing the cuts that could not be completly analysed by gas chromatography. Experimental procedure consisted of separation of the saturates by liquid chromatography and selective oclusion of linear components therein in 5 Å molecular sieve, followed by
The present work aimed at evaluating indicators of hydrocarbon sources to sediments from the Soli... more The present work aimed at evaluating indicators of hydrocarbon sources to sediments from the Solimões River region, in the central Amazon. The 16PAH, the alkylated homologs and molecular markers were investigated. The entire series of alkylated PAH were present and, in some cases, with a distribution observed when oil residues dominate. Nevertheless, hopanes characterizing immature environments undergoing diagenetic transformation were identified in samples from the Solimões River and in surface as well as in core sediment samples from Preto Lake, in the Coari-Manaus stretch. Investigation suggests early diagenesis of the organic matter confirmed by identifying biogenic markers produced during organic matter transformation. Some of these markers derive from incomplete combustion of biomass and are contained in particulate matter formed during forest burning. In the sediments of an industrial area near the city of Manaus, the entire series of mature hopanes was present indicating ant...
RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo constituiu-se da avaliacao e caracterizacao dos hidrocarbone... more RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo constituiu-se da avaliacao e caracterizacao dos hidrocarbonetos e de carbono negro (BC) presentes em sedimentos da Bacia de Campos. Para tal foram coletadas amostras superficiais em 108 estacoes distribuidas de Cabo Frio ao Cabo de Sao Tome, entre as isobatas de 25 e 3.000 m, em duas estacoes do ano. Foram estudados, tambem, sedimentos dos cânions Grussai e Almirante Câmara. Encontraram-se, em geral, baixas concentracoes de hidrocarbonetos policiclicos aromaticos (HPAs), para os quais as razoes diagnosticas indicaram origem pirogenica ou mista (pirogenica e petrogenica). No entanto, em todas as amostras determinou-se a serie de hopanos e esteranos maturados, que e indicativa da presenca de oleo, e apenas em algumas amostras, na fracao alifatica, ha mistura complexa nao resolvida e serie homologa completa de n-alcanos. A contribuicao de carbono negro para o conjunto de carbono orgânico (Corg) foi muito elevada, demonstrando o dominio de carbono orgânico recalcitrante nos sedimentos e o significativo aporte de material originado de queima incompleta de materia orgânica. Houve correlacoes estatisticas entre carbono negro e os hidrocarbonetos policiclicos aromaticos de 5-6 aneis principalmente provenientes de processos de combustao incompleta. Identificou-se o talude como regiao de deposicao, onde ocorrem as concentracoes mais elevadas de todos os compostos estudados.
RESUMO Lipidios biomarcadores [acidos graxos (FA), esterois e alcoois], isotopos estaveis (δ13C e... more RESUMO Lipidios biomarcadores [acidos graxos (FA), esterois e alcoois], isotopos estaveis (δ13C e δ15N), aminoacidos totais hidrolisaveis (THAA) e carbono orgânico total (COT) foram quantificados em 215 amostras de sedimentos superficiais coletadas em dois periodos (seco e chuvoso de 2008/2009) entre 25 e 3.000 m de profundidade ao longo de nove transectos transversais a margem continental. Tambem foram analisadas amostras de sedimento superficial em dois cânions (Grussai e Almirante Câmara) para os mesmos indicadores, com excecao de isotopos. O objetivo foi investigar os processos relacionados com a origem, transporte e acumulo de materia orgânica (MO) na regiao de estudo. Nas amostras dos transectos, a composicao de lipidios biomarcadores sugeriu a predominância de materia orgânica derivada de produtores primarios e secundarios na coluna d’agua, mas foram observados gradientes espaciais significativos da qualidade e quantidade da materia orgânica sedimentar. As menores concentraco...
The basic and pyrrolic nitrogen compounds presents in two heavy cuts and their hydrogenation prod... more The basic and pyrrolic nitrogen compounds presents in two heavy cuts and their hydrogenation products from Brazilian crude oils were isolated by liquid chromatography on basic and acid alumina. The compounds presents in the pyrrolic fraction were identified by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. No significant qualitative differences were seen between the cuts and their hydrogenation products. The identification of basic nitrogen compounds was not conclusive and will be the aim of future study
The goal of the present work was to test the response of Perna perna to oil contamination in the ... more The goal of the present work was to test the response of Perna perna to oil contamination in the marine environment. Mussels Perna perna were collected on several occasions from the pillars of Rio-Niteroi Bridge, Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, including after a major spill of MFO380 in January 2000. Condition index evaluation and neutral red assay were carried out
RESUMO Hidrocarbonetos policiclicos e alifaticos foram determinados em amostras de agua do mar su... more RESUMO Hidrocarbonetos policiclicos e alifaticos foram determinados em amostras de agua do mar superficial coletadas na area da Bacia de Campos compreendida entre o Cabo de Sao Tome e Cabo Frio e as isobatas de 25 e 3.000 m (oito isobatas e nove perfis perpendiculares a costa), totalizando 72 estacoes de coleta visitadas em dois periodos aqui denominados chuvoso e seco. As amostras para determinacao de hidrocarbonetos foram extraidas segundo o metodo EPA 3510. Os hidrocarbonetos alifaticos, hidrocarbonetos totais de petroleo (HTP), hidrocarbonetos policiclicos aromaticos (HPAs), fenois e benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos (BTEX) foram determinados segundo os metodos EPA 8015B, EPA 8270C e EPA 502.2, respectivamente. As concentracoes de todos os compostos mostraram-se baixas nas duas campanhas de amostragem. Fenois e BTEX mostraram-se abaixo do limite de quantificacao do metodo. Porem, no periodo seco, foi observada a presenca de n-alcanos e de mistura complexa nao resolvida (MCNR) com caracteristicas de origem petrogenica degradada ou nao.
PAHs are widely present in nature and derive from several natural or anthropogenic sources. To th... more PAHs are widely present in nature and derive from several natural or anthropogenic sources. To the latter case belong oil and fuel leakages and the incomplete combustion of organic matters, such as gas, coal, oil and forest. Due to the carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of PAHs on human beings several world organizations have included these compounds in the list of prioritary pollutants to be checked. In terms of the matrix complexity (water, sediment and soil) and the existence of different requirements in the Company, this paper considered two main outlooks. The first outlook concerns PAHs analyses in water and sediments, related to environmental monitoring programs. In these cases the number of analyses performed is very large and the aim is to screen the contamination degree of the region. Therefore the fluorescence seems to be the most appropriate both in terms of the analysis time as well as the cost and the kind of information provided: total PAHs. The other approach conce...
The basic and pyrrolic nitrogen compounds presents in two heavy cuts and their hydrogenation prod... more The basic and pyrrolic nitrogen compounds presents in two heavy cuts and their hydrogenation products from Brazilian crude oils were isolated by liquid chromatography on basic and acid alumina. The compounds presents in the pyrrolic fraction were identified by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. No significant qualitative differences were seen between the cuts and their hydrogenation products. The identification of basic nitrogen compounds was not conclusive and will be the aim of future study
Concentrations of PAHs and metals were obtained from mussels collected in beaches, coastal island... more Concentrations of PAHs and metals were obtained from mussels collected in beaches, coastal island and estuary of the Macaé coast, the main operational basin for offshore oil exploration in Brazil. This survey provides reference levels for scenarios of increasing exploration, as well as for other areas of the coast undergoing urbanization to support exploration. As expected, urban areas such as the Macaé river estuary presented high concentrations of PAHs, although unsuspected sites such the island also presented signs of contamination. PAH in mussels originated from pyrolytic and petrogenic sources. Metals were typical of non-contaminated coastal environments, although Cr concentrations were above Brazilian Reference Levels.
The investigation aimed primarily at understanding the PAH record in inter-tidal mussel tissues a... more The investigation aimed primarily at understanding the PAH record in inter-tidal mussel tissues and evaluating the bivalve performance as a bioindicator for oil contamination. The species Perna perna was used as test organism since it is abundantly distributed in coastal areas of the Americas, Africa and elsewhere. The study was carried out in Guanabara Bay and comprised two observation phases: phase one included seasonal sampling in 8 sites, whereas in phase two 4 sites were examined over 4 years. Among the 35 determined PAH (60-90 microg kg(-1) up to 4000-6000 microg kg(-1)) alkylated homologues predominated by more than 80%. The PAH profile in inter-tidal mussels is largely petrogenic with high contribution of dibenzothiophenes (DBT) and phenanthrenes (Ph). The prevailing petrogenic fingerprint, confirmed by diagnostic ratios, is linked to the properties of the inter-tidal habitat, which favors exposure to oil films. C2DBT/C2Ph and C3DBT/C3Ph ratios, however, show a wide range of...
Average number molecular weights of linear alkanes found in the distillation cuts of a crude oil ... more Average number molecular weights of linear alkanes found in the distillation cuts of a crude oil were indirectly investigated by vapor pressure osmometry, focusing the cuts that could not be completly analysed by gas chromatography. Experimental procedure consisted of separation of the saturates by liquid chromatography and selective oclusion of linear components therein in 5 Å molecular sieve, followed by
The present work aimed at evaluating indicators of hydrocarbon sources to sediments from the Soli... more The present work aimed at evaluating indicators of hydrocarbon sources to sediments from the Solimões River region, in the central Amazon. The 16PAH, the alkylated homologs and molecular markers were investigated. The entire series of alkylated PAH were present and, in some cases, with a distribution observed when oil residues dominate. Nevertheless, hopanes characterizing immature environments undergoing diagenetic transformation were identified in samples from the Solimões River and in surface as well as in core sediment samples from Preto Lake, in the Coari-Manaus stretch. Investigation suggests early diagenesis of the organic matter confirmed by identifying biogenic markers produced during organic matter transformation. Some of these markers derive from incomplete combustion of biomass and are contained in particulate matter formed during forest burning. In the sediments of an industrial area near the city of Manaus, the entire series of mature hopanes was present indicating ant...
RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo constituiu-se da avaliacao e caracterizacao dos hidrocarbone... more RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo constituiu-se da avaliacao e caracterizacao dos hidrocarbonetos e de carbono negro (BC) presentes em sedimentos da Bacia de Campos. Para tal foram coletadas amostras superficiais em 108 estacoes distribuidas de Cabo Frio ao Cabo de Sao Tome, entre as isobatas de 25 e 3.000 m, em duas estacoes do ano. Foram estudados, tambem, sedimentos dos cânions Grussai e Almirante Câmara. Encontraram-se, em geral, baixas concentracoes de hidrocarbonetos policiclicos aromaticos (HPAs), para os quais as razoes diagnosticas indicaram origem pirogenica ou mista (pirogenica e petrogenica). No entanto, em todas as amostras determinou-se a serie de hopanos e esteranos maturados, que e indicativa da presenca de oleo, e apenas em algumas amostras, na fracao alifatica, ha mistura complexa nao resolvida e serie homologa completa de n-alcanos. A contribuicao de carbono negro para o conjunto de carbono orgânico (Corg) foi muito elevada, demonstrando o dominio de carbono orgânico recalcitrante nos sedimentos e o significativo aporte de material originado de queima incompleta de materia orgânica. Houve correlacoes estatisticas entre carbono negro e os hidrocarbonetos policiclicos aromaticos de 5-6 aneis principalmente provenientes de processos de combustao incompleta. Identificou-se o talude como regiao de deposicao, onde ocorrem as concentracoes mais elevadas de todos os compostos estudados.
RESUMO Lipidios biomarcadores [acidos graxos (FA), esterois e alcoois], isotopos estaveis (δ13C e... more RESUMO Lipidios biomarcadores [acidos graxos (FA), esterois e alcoois], isotopos estaveis (δ13C e δ15N), aminoacidos totais hidrolisaveis (THAA) e carbono orgânico total (COT) foram quantificados em 215 amostras de sedimentos superficiais coletadas em dois periodos (seco e chuvoso de 2008/2009) entre 25 e 3.000 m de profundidade ao longo de nove transectos transversais a margem continental. Tambem foram analisadas amostras de sedimento superficial em dois cânions (Grussai e Almirante Câmara) para os mesmos indicadores, com excecao de isotopos. O objetivo foi investigar os processos relacionados com a origem, transporte e acumulo de materia orgânica (MO) na regiao de estudo. Nas amostras dos transectos, a composicao de lipidios biomarcadores sugeriu a predominância de materia orgânica derivada de produtores primarios e secundarios na coluna d’agua, mas foram observados gradientes espaciais significativos da qualidade e quantidade da materia orgânica sedimentar. As menores concentraco...
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