INTRODUCTION Once considered a disease of affluence and confined to industrialized nations, obesi... more INTRODUCTION Once considered a disease of affluence and confined to industrialized nations, obesity has emerged as a major health concern in nearly every country in the world (WHO, 2000). The prevalence of obesity has reached unprecedented levels in most developing countries; in much of Asia, North Africa, and Latin America, obesity is continuing to increase at a rate that far outpaces that of developed nations now recognizes obesity as a global epidemic, reflecting the widespread distribution of the condition, its status as a disease with metabolic and endocrine abnormalities, and its well-established association with numerous negative health outcomes. The growing challenge of obesity and other chronic diseases in the developing world is closely related to lifestyle changes that occur with economic development, a topic that is attracting increasing attention (Huss-Ashmore et al., 1992; Snodgrass, 2012). The mechanisms responsible for this health transition remain incompletely under...
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2018
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent condition in western countries as well as in India. Lowe... more Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent condition in western countries as well as in India. Lower level of vitamin D is associated with increased arterial stiffness by activating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality including increased risk of coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Our aim was to study the correlation between serum vitamin D level, various measures of arterial stiffness and cardiovascular morbidity in elderly individuals. The present study was conducted in collaboration with Department of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Regional Geriatric Centre, NPHCE, MDM Hospital attached to Dr. S.N. medical college Jodhpur. Total 100 elderly individuals 60 yrs and above attending hospital for minor short illness, acute illness or for routine health checkup or with acute coronary events are included in the study. Vitamin D level was as...
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever is severe clinical stage of infection caused by dengue viruses external... more Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever is severe clinical stage of infection caused by dengue viruses externalized by thrombocytopenia, extravasation of fluid into interstitial spaces and circulatory collapse. Existing theories state that sequential secondary infection after a time gap with a different serotype than the earlier one predisposes the patient towards DHF. A patient with clinical condition like that in DHF was referred to Medical College hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan where he was given freshly supplied blood containing live WBC's. An enhancement in the gamma interferon level was observed leading to subsequent recovery from the severe stage of DHF.
Sir, Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 has appeared as a major disease outbreak recently1. North-w... more Sir, Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 has appeared as a major disease outbreak recently1. North-western Rajasthan, India, witnessed severe epidemic of this influenza type from November, 2009 till January, 2010. Presence and distribution of test positive cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 was studied to report the occurrence of diseases in this region and to generate knowledge on the epidemiological transition of disease in the affected areas. As one of the authorized laboratories of Indian Council of Medical Research, in the State of Rajasthan, we provided molecular diagnosis of throat swabs collected from the patients suffering from influenza-like illness (ILI)2 by the group of hospitals associated with Dr S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur from November, 2009 till April, 2010. This hospital based study reports the test positive results of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 cases based on the molecular diagnosis of 1782 throat swabs from six districts of north-western Rajasthan, India. The throat swabs of suspected cases of ILI were collected by the treating physicians of associated group of hospitals attached with the medical college. The patients without sudden fever (<38°C) and sore or cough throat, were excluded. The tip of the swab was put in a vial containing 2-3 ml of viral transportation medium (VTM) and transported in cold containers to our laboratory following WHO protocol2. The samples were kept at 4°C in a Bio Safety Level (BSL-2) laboratory designed for the purpose of molecular diagnosis of pandemic (H1N1) 2009. The throat swabs in VTM were processed in a Bio Safety Cabinet (BSC II) manufactured by M/s ESCO, Singapore. As per the laboratory criteria for diagnosis of influenza specimens suggested by WHO, the RT-PCR protocol was adopted2. Processing of samples was done according to the CDC standard protocol3. High speed ultracentrifuge (Optima Max-XP, Beckman Coulter, USA) and refrigerated centrifuges (Universal 320 R, Hettich, Germany) were used. Samples divided into aliquots for re-testing and long storage purpose were stored in ultra low deep freezer (New Brunswick Scientific, UK). Use of appropriate biosafety measures and personal protection equipment (PPE) were as per CDC's and WHO laboratory biosafety guidelines4,5. RNA extraction kit (Qiagen, USA) and primers (ABI, USA) were also according to the CDC protocol3. The RT PCR equipment model 7500 (ABI, USA) was used. The clinical details of the patients were collected from the records. Of the total 1782 throat swab samples of suspected cases with ILI diagnosed for pandemic (H1N1) 2009, 533 (29.9%) were tested positive. Maximum cases (298; 42.4%) were observed during December 2009. The epidemic of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 persisted during November 2009 (39.3%) till February 2010 (15.4%). No cases were observed during March and April 2010 (Table). Table Month-wise distribution of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 cases in Jodhpur, India (2009-10). In rural (125; 45.4%) as well as urban areas (164; 40.6%), maximum cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 were observed during December 2009 (289; 42.4%) and least (22; 18.4% in rural areas & 33; 13.8% in urban areas) during February 2010. Pooled data suggested that 206 (32.4%) of 634 samples examined from the patients reporting from the rural areas were positive, whereas 327 (28.4%) of 1158 samples tested from urban areas, were found positive. Age-wise distribution of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 test positive cases was made among men as well as women in urban and rural areas. In urban areas, maximum positive cases were observed in the age group of 21-30 yr (91 cases; 29.54%) of which 47 were male and 44 female. Similarly, in rural areas, maximum incidence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 was observed in the age group of 21-30 yr (60 cases, 30%) of which 22 were male and 38 female. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 has appeared as a major outbreak recently, with India as one of the severely affected countries1. Many reports on its occurrence in Mexico6, Japan7 and England8 have been published. However, very limited data on the occurrence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 from different part of India have been published9. This perhaps is the first report on the occurrence of this disease from Rajasthan, India. The first case of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 from India was reported from Hyderabad in the travellers from USA1. The present data show commencement of disease in western Rajasthan since November 2009.
ABSTRACT The 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study found physical inactivity is the 10th leading ri... more ABSTRACT The 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study found physical inactivity is the 10th leading risk contributor to disease-related DALYs. Self-reported physical activity, with its typical limitations with self-report, are further complicated in older age by issues with memory recall and cognition in older adults. Light and moderate intensity activities are more difficult for all adults to recall, while at the same time being the most common activity levels in older adults. A commonly used and well validated instrument using self-report is the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). More objective measures, using accelerometers, allow more accurate measurement of physical activity levels, including sedentary and sleep time, which are independent predictors of health risk. We examine the relationship between self-report and accelerometry based physical activity.
1 Professor, Microbiology, Dr. S.N.M.C. Jodhpur, India 2 3 rd Resident Dept., of Microbiology, Dr... more 1 Professor, Microbiology, Dr. S.N.M.C. Jodhpur, India 2 3 rd Resident Dept., of Microbiology, Dr. SNMC Jodhpur, India 3 BDS, Msc (Microbiology), Dept., Of Microbiology, Dr.S.N.Medical College, Jodhpur, India 4 Senior resident, Dept., Of Medicine MDM Hospital, Dr.S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur, India 5 Assistant Professor, Geriatric Medicine, MDM Hospital, Dr.S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur, India 6 Professor & head, Dept., of medicine, Dr S.NMC, Jodhpur, India
Recent research suggests that decreased physical activity in old age is detrimental to health, ye... more Recent research suggests that decreased physical activity in old age is detrimental to health, yet few studies have examined the relationships among physical activity, functional abilities, and health among older adults in non-Western settings. Furthermore, much of the existing research on this topic has relied on self-report activity data; however, these activity estimates have major limitations, especially among older adults. The current study examines associations between measures of physical activity using seven consecutive days of ActiGraph GT3X accelerometry (total daily energy expenditure [TDEE; kcal/day], physical activity level [PAL], daily average activity count [AC], and activity energy expenditure [AEE; kcal/day]), physical function (grip strength, timed walk, daily average sit time, and average sleep time), and self-reported health conditions (diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, and depression) among 200 older adults in an urban setting in India as part of a sub-study of...
IntroductionICOPE (Integrated Care for Older Persons) screening tool helps to address declines in... more IntroductionICOPE (Integrated Care for Older Persons) screening tool helps to address declines in physical and mental capacities in older people. In India majority of the older population resides in rural areas and there is a paucity of studies that demonstrates the utility of the ICOPE screening tool in India. Thus, this study was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of using WHO ICOPE screening tool in a rural population.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the two villages of Jodhpur. WHO ICOPE screening was done for a comprehensive geriatric assessment of intrinsic capacity by determining cognitive decline, the decline in mobility, malnutrition, sensory loss, depressive symptoms, health risks, social care, and support. Additionally, demographic details and information about health conditions were gathered.ResultA total 451 participants (Male=54.5% and Female= 45.5%) surveyed. The mean age was 68.36 (SD=7.73) years and the majority of participants (68.3%) were illi...
The aim of this study was to investigate whether parameters from an instrumented one-leg stance (... more The aim of this study was to investigate whether parameters from an instrumented one-leg stance (OLS) on a force plate could provide relevant information related to fall risk in older people. Forty-two community dwelling older people including 17 fallers and 25 nonfallers, and 25 young subjects performed a OLS while standing on a force plate, with parameters related to transferring weight onto one leg and postural sway in singe-leg stance evaluated. No differences were observed between older fallers and nonfallers and the younger participants for any of the weight transfer parameters. The younger participants were able to reduce their postural sway during the OLS test after the first 0–2 s period, unlike older participants who swayed the same amount throughout the test. The older fallers swayed significantly more than both nonfallers and younger participants throughout the 10-s of OLS evaluated. When the tests were used to classify older participants as fallers, the instrumented OLS...
Physical activity impacts the ageing process; yet, few studies have examined relationships among ... more Physical activity impacts the ageing process; yet, few studies have examined relationships among physical activity, functional abilities and health among older adults in non-Western settings. This study tests for associations among measures of physical activity, function and self-report health conditions among 200 older adults (49--50 years old) in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Seven consecutive days of accelerometry data were used in measures of physical activity (Total Daily Energy Expenditure [TDEE], Physical Activity Level [PAL], Daily Average Activity Count [AC] and Activity Energy Expenditure [AEE]). Measures of physical function included grip strength, timed walk and daily average sit time. Participants reported if they had been diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension, arthritis and/or depression. All four measures of physical activity were positively associated with grip strength (p ≤ 0.05). AC was negatively associated with timed walk (p ≤ 0.05), and both AC and AEE were negativ...
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2012
The goal of this study was to investigate the changes in arterial stiffness by evaluation of arte... more The goal of this study was to investigate the changes in arterial stiffness by evaluation of arterial stiffness index and pulse wave velocity in community dwelling tobacco user females and to correlate those changes with duration of tobacco use, amount consumed and severity of addiction. This observational cohort study was conducted in Department of Medicine at Dr. S N Medical College, Jodhpur, comprised of 100 females, out of which 55 were community dwelling females using tobacco (cases) and 45 are age-sex matched healthy control group. Out of 55 tobacco user females 21 (38%) were smoker and 34 [62%] were smokeless tobacco user. Pulse wave velocity and arterial stiffness index were evaluated by means of an 8-channel real-time PC-based simultaneous acquisition and analysis system (Periscope). Average C-F PWV in tobacco user female was 1327 +/- 515.2 as compared to 796 +/- 157.3 in control and average ASI was 71 +/- 20.9 in tobacco user female as compared to 62 +/- 13.9 in control th...
INTRODUCTION Once considered a disease of affluence and confined to industrialized nations, obesi... more INTRODUCTION Once considered a disease of affluence and confined to industrialized nations, obesity has emerged as a major health concern in nearly every country in the world (WHO, 2000). The prevalence of obesity has reached unprecedented levels in most developing countries; in much of Asia, North Africa, and Latin America, obesity is continuing to increase at a rate that far outpaces that of developed nations now recognizes obesity as a global epidemic, reflecting the widespread distribution of the condition, its status as a disease with metabolic and endocrine abnormalities, and its well-established association with numerous negative health outcomes. The growing challenge of obesity and other chronic diseases in the developing world is closely related to lifestyle changes that occur with economic development, a topic that is attracting increasing attention (Huss-Ashmore et al., 1992; Snodgrass, 2012). The mechanisms responsible for this health transition remain incompletely under...
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2018
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent condition in western countries as well as in India. Lowe... more Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent condition in western countries as well as in India. Lower level of vitamin D is associated with increased arterial stiffness by activating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality including increased risk of coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Our aim was to study the correlation between serum vitamin D level, various measures of arterial stiffness and cardiovascular morbidity in elderly individuals. The present study was conducted in collaboration with Department of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Regional Geriatric Centre, NPHCE, MDM Hospital attached to Dr. S.N. medical college Jodhpur. Total 100 elderly individuals 60 yrs and above attending hospital for minor short illness, acute illness or for routine health checkup or with acute coronary events are included in the study. Vitamin D level was as...
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever is severe clinical stage of infection caused by dengue viruses external... more Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever is severe clinical stage of infection caused by dengue viruses externalized by thrombocytopenia, extravasation of fluid into interstitial spaces and circulatory collapse. Existing theories state that sequential secondary infection after a time gap with a different serotype than the earlier one predisposes the patient towards DHF. A patient with clinical condition like that in DHF was referred to Medical College hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan where he was given freshly supplied blood containing live WBC's. An enhancement in the gamma interferon level was observed leading to subsequent recovery from the severe stage of DHF.
Sir, Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 has appeared as a major disease outbreak recently1. North-w... more Sir, Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 has appeared as a major disease outbreak recently1. North-western Rajasthan, India, witnessed severe epidemic of this influenza type from November, 2009 till January, 2010. Presence and distribution of test positive cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 was studied to report the occurrence of diseases in this region and to generate knowledge on the epidemiological transition of disease in the affected areas. As one of the authorized laboratories of Indian Council of Medical Research, in the State of Rajasthan, we provided molecular diagnosis of throat swabs collected from the patients suffering from influenza-like illness (ILI)2 by the group of hospitals associated with Dr S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur from November, 2009 till April, 2010. This hospital based study reports the test positive results of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 cases based on the molecular diagnosis of 1782 throat swabs from six districts of north-western Rajasthan, India. The throat swabs of suspected cases of ILI were collected by the treating physicians of associated group of hospitals attached with the medical college. The patients without sudden fever (<38°C) and sore or cough throat, were excluded. The tip of the swab was put in a vial containing 2-3 ml of viral transportation medium (VTM) and transported in cold containers to our laboratory following WHO protocol2. The samples were kept at 4°C in a Bio Safety Level (BSL-2) laboratory designed for the purpose of molecular diagnosis of pandemic (H1N1) 2009. The throat swabs in VTM were processed in a Bio Safety Cabinet (BSC II) manufactured by M/s ESCO, Singapore. As per the laboratory criteria for diagnosis of influenza specimens suggested by WHO, the RT-PCR protocol was adopted2. Processing of samples was done according to the CDC standard protocol3. High speed ultracentrifuge (Optima Max-XP, Beckman Coulter, USA) and refrigerated centrifuges (Universal 320 R, Hettich, Germany) were used. Samples divided into aliquots for re-testing and long storage purpose were stored in ultra low deep freezer (New Brunswick Scientific, UK). Use of appropriate biosafety measures and personal protection equipment (PPE) were as per CDC's and WHO laboratory biosafety guidelines4,5. RNA extraction kit (Qiagen, USA) and primers (ABI, USA) were also according to the CDC protocol3. The RT PCR equipment model 7500 (ABI, USA) was used. The clinical details of the patients were collected from the records. Of the total 1782 throat swab samples of suspected cases with ILI diagnosed for pandemic (H1N1) 2009, 533 (29.9%) were tested positive. Maximum cases (298; 42.4%) were observed during December 2009. The epidemic of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 persisted during November 2009 (39.3%) till February 2010 (15.4%). No cases were observed during March and April 2010 (Table). Table Month-wise distribution of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 cases in Jodhpur, India (2009-10). In rural (125; 45.4%) as well as urban areas (164; 40.6%), maximum cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 were observed during December 2009 (289; 42.4%) and least (22; 18.4% in rural areas & 33; 13.8% in urban areas) during February 2010. Pooled data suggested that 206 (32.4%) of 634 samples examined from the patients reporting from the rural areas were positive, whereas 327 (28.4%) of 1158 samples tested from urban areas, were found positive. Age-wise distribution of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 test positive cases was made among men as well as women in urban and rural areas. In urban areas, maximum positive cases were observed in the age group of 21-30 yr (91 cases; 29.54%) of which 47 were male and 44 female. Similarly, in rural areas, maximum incidence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 was observed in the age group of 21-30 yr (60 cases, 30%) of which 22 were male and 38 female. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 has appeared as a major outbreak recently, with India as one of the severely affected countries1. Many reports on its occurrence in Mexico6, Japan7 and England8 have been published. However, very limited data on the occurrence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 from different part of India have been published9. This perhaps is the first report on the occurrence of this disease from Rajasthan, India. The first case of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 from India was reported from Hyderabad in the travellers from USA1. The present data show commencement of disease in western Rajasthan since November 2009.
ABSTRACT The 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study found physical inactivity is the 10th leading ri... more ABSTRACT The 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study found physical inactivity is the 10th leading risk contributor to disease-related DALYs. Self-reported physical activity, with its typical limitations with self-report, are further complicated in older age by issues with memory recall and cognition in older adults. Light and moderate intensity activities are more difficult for all adults to recall, while at the same time being the most common activity levels in older adults. A commonly used and well validated instrument using self-report is the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). More objective measures, using accelerometers, allow more accurate measurement of physical activity levels, including sedentary and sleep time, which are independent predictors of health risk. We examine the relationship between self-report and accelerometry based physical activity.
1 Professor, Microbiology, Dr. S.N.M.C. Jodhpur, India 2 3 rd Resident Dept., of Microbiology, Dr... more 1 Professor, Microbiology, Dr. S.N.M.C. Jodhpur, India 2 3 rd Resident Dept., of Microbiology, Dr. SNMC Jodhpur, India 3 BDS, Msc (Microbiology), Dept., Of Microbiology, Dr.S.N.Medical College, Jodhpur, India 4 Senior resident, Dept., Of Medicine MDM Hospital, Dr.S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur, India 5 Assistant Professor, Geriatric Medicine, MDM Hospital, Dr.S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur, India 6 Professor & head, Dept., of medicine, Dr S.NMC, Jodhpur, India
Recent research suggests that decreased physical activity in old age is detrimental to health, ye... more Recent research suggests that decreased physical activity in old age is detrimental to health, yet few studies have examined the relationships among physical activity, functional abilities, and health among older adults in non-Western settings. Furthermore, much of the existing research on this topic has relied on self-report activity data; however, these activity estimates have major limitations, especially among older adults. The current study examines associations between measures of physical activity using seven consecutive days of ActiGraph GT3X accelerometry (total daily energy expenditure [TDEE; kcal/day], physical activity level [PAL], daily average activity count [AC], and activity energy expenditure [AEE; kcal/day]), physical function (grip strength, timed walk, daily average sit time, and average sleep time), and self-reported health conditions (diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, and depression) among 200 older adults in an urban setting in India as part of a sub-study of...
IntroductionICOPE (Integrated Care for Older Persons) screening tool helps to address declines in... more IntroductionICOPE (Integrated Care for Older Persons) screening tool helps to address declines in physical and mental capacities in older people. In India majority of the older population resides in rural areas and there is a paucity of studies that demonstrates the utility of the ICOPE screening tool in India. Thus, this study was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of using WHO ICOPE screening tool in a rural population.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the two villages of Jodhpur. WHO ICOPE screening was done for a comprehensive geriatric assessment of intrinsic capacity by determining cognitive decline, the decline in mobility, malnutrition, sensory loss, depressive symptoms, health risks, social care, and support. Additionally, demographic details and information about health conditions were gathered.ResultA total 451 participants (Male=54.5% and Female= 45.5%) surveyed. The mean age was 68.36 (SD=7.73) years and the majority of participants (68.3%) were illi...
The aim of this study was to investigate whether parameters from an instrumented one-leg stance (... more The aim of this study was to investigate whether parameters from an instrumented one-leg stance (OLS) on a force plate could provide relevant information related to fall risk in older people. Forty-two community dwelling older people including 17 fallers and 25 nonfallers, and 25 young subjects performed a OLS while standing on a force plate, with parameters related to transferring weight onto one leg and postural sway in singe-leg stance evaluated. No differences were observed between older fallers and nonfallers and the younger participants for any of the weight transfer parameters. The younger participants were able to reduce their postural sway during the OLS test after the first 0–2 s period, unlike older participants who swayed the same amount throughout the test. The older fallers swayed significantly more than both nonfallers and younger participants throughout the 10-s of OLS evaluated. When the tests were used to classify older participants as fallers, the instrumented OLS...
Physical activity impacts the ageing process; yet, few studies have examined relationships among ... more Physical activity impacts the ageing process; yet, few studies have examined relationships among physical activity, functional abilities and health among older adults in non-Western settings. This study tests for associations among measures of physical activity, function and self-report health conditions among 200 older adults (49--50 years old) in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Seven consecutive days of accelerometry data were used in measures of physical activity (Total Daily Energy Expenditure [TDEE], Physical Activity Level [PAL], Daily Average Activity Count [AC] and Activity Energy Expenditure [AEE]). Measures of physical function included grip strength, timed walk and daily average sit time. Participants reported if they had been diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension, arthritis and/or depression. All four measures of physical activity were positively associated with grip strength (p ≤ 0.05). AC was negatively associated with timed walk (p ≤ 0.05), and both AC and AEE were negativ...
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2012
The goal of this study was to investigate the changes in arterial stiffness by evaluation of arte... more The goal of this study was to investigate the changes in arterial stiffness by evaluation of arterial stiffness index and pulse wave velocity in community dwelling tobacco user females and to correlate those changes with duration of tobacco use, amount consumed and severity of addiction. This observational cohort study was conducted in Department of Medicine at Dr. S N Medical College, Jodhpur, comprised of 100 females, out of which 55 were community dwelling females using tobacco (cases) and 45 are age-sex matched healthy control group. Out of 55 tobacco user females 21 (38%) were smoker and 34 [62%] were smokeless tobacco user. Pulse wave velocity and arterial stiffness index were evaluated by means of an 8-channel real-time PC-based simultaneous acquisition and analysis system (Periscope). Average C-F PWV in tobacco user female was 1327 +/- 515.2 as compared to 796 +/- 157.3 in control and average ASI was 71 +/- 20.9 in tobacco user female as compared to 62 +/- 13.9 in control th...
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Papers by Arvind Mathur