Objective: To determine the radiological parameters of COVID-19 patients based on CO-RADS classif... more Objective: To determine the radiological parameters of COVID-19 patients based on CO-RADS classification and to compare the RT-PCR with chest CT. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study involved 180 participants who were hospitalised in COVID Unit of Farooq Hospital, West Wood, Lahore from April 2020 to July 2020. Data was collected from suspected COVID-19 patients who were subjected to CT chest and RT-PCR. SPSS version 22.0 was used to analyse the data. Frequency and percentages were calculated for categorical variables while mean and standard deviation was calculated for numerical veriables. Results: Of the total 180 patients, there was frequent manifestation of ground-glass opacities (GGOs) 168 (93%) followed by consolidation 121(67%) and reticulation/thickened interlobular septa 41 (23%) in radiological features of our study. Whereas, nodular lesions were completely absent. The highest number of patients 132 (73%) were in CO-RADS 5 classification. GGOs 126 (95%); and c...
Aim: To determine the patterns of learning methods of undergraduate medical students. Study desig... more Aim: To determine the patterns of learning methods of undergraduate medical students. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College, Lahore from 15th November 2022 to 15th January 2023. Methodology: One hundred and six undergraduate medical students, comprising 54 males and 52 females. The questionnaire consisted of 16 items that identified four distinct learning choices: visual, aural, reading/writing and kinesthetic. Results: 14.33% students learned by seeing; 26.59%studied by hearing; 19.16%learned by reading/writing and 19.10% students liked to study by using physical methods.16.39% of students used bimodal sensory modalities and only 4.42% used more than one sensory modality for learning. The results of the study will help medical teaching faculty to modify their educational strategies in response to learning methods of their students. Conclusion: The valuable insight into students’ various approaches to lear...
Background: Thyroid lesions are common in Pakistan and cause major concern because of possibility... more Background: Thyroid lesions are common in Pakistan and cause major concern because of possibility of malignancy in neoplastic lesions in young patients. Histopathological studies of thyroid swellings reveal different pattern of lesions in different regions of the world. Aim: To document the frequency of histopathological pattern of thyroid lesions presented to pathology department at Akhter Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore from year 20012-2017. Method: All thyroidectomy specimens presented to pathology departments at AMDC (2012-2017) were retrospectively reviewed and categorized according to their histological findings. Results: Sixty seven cases were enrolled in our study. The age of the patients ranged from 17 to 75 years. Male to female ratio was 1:4.5. Nonneoplastic cases were (86%) and neoplastic cases were (13%). Benign category of the neoplastic group includes 5 cases (7.5% of all cases, and 55%of neoplastic cases) and the malignant category includes 4cases, represent...
Perimenopause or menopausal transition is the period in which a woman's body makes a natural ... more Perimenopause or menopausal transition is the period in which a woman's body makes a natural shift from more-or-less regular cycles of ovulation and menstruation towards menopause. Materials and Methods: A retrospective age specific comparative analysis of 45 perimenopausal women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding was done who underwent endometrial sampling during 8 months period from January 2014 to August 2014 at the Akhtar Saeed, Hospital. Endometrial tissue collected by sampling procedures such as dilatation and curettage (D and C), endometrial biopsy and fractional curettage had been sent to the pathology laboratory, Akhtar Saeed Medical college, Lahore for evaluation. Results: The most common clinical presentation was represented by menorrhagia (70%) followed by metrorrhagia (15%), polymenorrhagia(15%). Evaluation of the endometrium revealed various patterns on histopathology. Secretory endometrium seen in 14 cases (31%) was the most common out of which late secreto...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Depolymerisation of acid-mucopolysaccharides results in the loss of metachormasia of the ground s... more Depolymerisation of acid-mucopolysaccharides results in the loss of metachormasia of the ground substance followed by visible fibre crumbling, complete dissolution and replacement by lipid droplets and cholesterol. The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of different atherosclerotic lesions in celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries relation to age and sex. A prospective descriptive observation study was conducted at Mortuary of King Edward Medical University Lahore, and Department of Pathology Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore. A total of 30 human autopsies were carried out. Celiac, Superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries were taken out and opened length-wise. One to four areas of tissue were taken from each artery for histological examination. Slides were prepared from each paraffin block. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Special stains were performed on sections to display each component of atherosclerosis. ...
Methods: One hundred and thirty two consecutive patients of nephrotic and nephritic syndrome, bot... more Methods: One hundred and thirty two consecutive patients of nephrotic and nephritic syndrome, both children and adult, were included in the study. After baseline investigations and serum IgA level, 33 patients having clinical suspicion of IgA nephropathy and 1 patient of Henoch Schonlein purpura nephritis were admitted and renal biopsies were taken by well trained nephrologists after consent from the patients and/ or parents of the patient in care of a child. These cases were selected from Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Children Hospital, Services Hospital, Fatima Memorial Hospital and Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Results: Among these 34 renal biopsies, 23 (67.65%) were males and 11(32.35%) were females. The minimum age at biopsy was 2 years and maximum was 73 years, mean±S.D of age was 28.18±19.62. The minimum serum creatinine was 0.60 mg/dl and maximum serum creatinine was 12.80 mg/dl with a mean + S.D serum creatinine being 2.92±3.14mg/dl. Serum IgA level was performed in all the 34 patients ...
Background: Glomerulopathies present in a variety of clinical signs and symptoms. This study was ... more Background: Glomerulopathies present in a variety of clinical signs and symptoms. This study was designed to determine the histological pattern of glomerulopathy in male patient presenting with proteinuria, haematuria and deranged renal functions. Materials and Methods: A total of 111 consecutive male patients of nephritic and nephrotic syndrome (both children and adults) were included in the study. After clinical evaluation, baseline investigations and taking into consideration the inclusion criteria of male gender only these cases were selected for this particular study. They were taken from Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Children Hospital, Services, Fatima Memorial and Jinnah Hospitals Lahore. Results: Among the selected renal biopsies, 111 (100%) were males. The minimum age at biopsy was 02 years and maximum was 73 years. Among the 111 patients microscopical haematuria was present in 51 (45.9%) and macroscopical haematuria in 19 (17.1%) patients. Duration for haematuria was 01 – 24 mont...
Background Globally, there is an increased risk of COVID-19 infection among front-line health wor... more Background Globally, there is an increased risk of COVID-19 infection among front-line health workers (FHW). This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of FHW of Pakistan after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A population web-based survey on COVID-19 vaccine was conducted on 635 FHW in Pakistan between April 15, 2021, and July 15, 2021. The survey focused on four main sections consisting of socio-demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practices after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. The data was analyzed on SPSS. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Overall, 60% of FHW were nervous before getting vaccinated, with the leading reason to get vaccinated being their concern to protect themselves and their community (53.4%). A majority of FHW had fear about the unseen side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine (59.7%) used in Pakistan, with the most common side effect reported as soreness at the injection site (39%). It has been noted that almost a...
BACKGROUND: Genetic mutations, peritoneal metastasis and frequent development of chemoresistance ... more BACKGROUND: Genetic mutations, peritoneal metastasis and frequent development of chemoresistance worsen the prognosis of ovarian carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to determine mutations in cancer susceptibility genes in relation with chemotherapy response. METHODS: In this follow up descriptive study, 47 consenting female patients diagnosed with surface epithelial ovarian cancer were observed for six months after completion of chemotherapy to see the treatment response. For genetic analysis, the DNA extraction was done and the genomic regions of different exons of BRCA1/2, PALB2, CHEK2, BAP1, CTNNB1, HOXB13, and PIK3CA were amplified using gene specific primers followed by Sanger Sequencing. RESULTS: 86.7% of the patients were sensitive to chemotherapy whereas 13.3% showed resistance. Genetic variants of BRCA1 in 7%, BRCA2 in 4.7%, PIK3CA in 9.3%, PALB2 in 7%, CHEK2 in 2.3%, BAP1 in 2.3%, and CTNNB1 in 2.3% of the patients were found. There was also a significant a...
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in Farooq Hospital, West Wood, La... more Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in Farooq Hospital, West Wood, Lahore. A total of 188 COVID-19 positive patients admitted to the corona unit of our hospital were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed either by Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or clinical and imaging studies. Detailed demographic, clinical, laboratory and x-ray chest findings were recorded for each of these patients.
Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS) is a recently documented entity in the World Health Organiz... more Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS) is a recently documented entity in the World Health Organization classification for head and neck tumors. This lesion is a rare form of malignancy arising primarily in the nasal tract. This lesion, exhibiting characteristics of both neural and myogenic differentiation, carries a high preponderance for middle-aged females.
Aim: To determine the frequency of H. pylori infection in biopsy proven gastritis in Lahore. Meth... more Aim: To determine the frequency of H. pylori infection in biopsy proven gastritis in Lahore. Methods: During the period of January 2014 and October 2016, 71 consecutive gastric antral biopsy samples were included because it provides useful information regarding the H. pylori status. The study was approved by the ethical review board of Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histological examination for severity of gastritis and activity of gastritis. Giemsa stain was used for H. pylori assessment. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori was 53(74.64%) in these dyspeptic patients. Grading of inflammation was decided according to Sydney System. In the present study, histopathological examination of 71 patients revealed mild chronic gastritis in 17(23.9%) and moderate chronic gastritis in 51(71.8%) and severe in 2(2.81%) patients. The association was statistically significant (p value <0.05) by using ANOVA. Conclusion: Prev...
Idiopathic IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) has been recognized as the most common form of glomerulonephrit... more Idiopathic IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) has been recognized as the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide since its original description by Berger and Hinglais. Initially considered as a benign disease, the natural history has changed considerably with studies showing an incidence of chronic renal failure ranging from 20 to 40%. The highly variable clinical course has resulted in efforts to determine clinical, laboratory, and histologic features that predict the development of renal failure in IgAN. Light microscopic appearances and clinical features can vary considerably, reflecting the many patterns of histopathologic injury seen. Closely associated with IgAN is Henoch – Schonlein purpura (HSP), a small vessel systemic vasculitis characterized by small blood vessel deposition of IgA predominantly affecting the skin, joints, gut, and kidney. The nephritis of HSP is also characterized by mesangial IgA deposition and may be histologically indistinguishable from IgAN. This article...
Objective: To determine the radiological parameters of COVID-19 patients based on CO-RADS classif... more Objective: To determine the radiological parameters of COVID-19 patients based on CO-RADS classification and to compare the RT-PCR with chest CT. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study involved 180 participants who were hospitalised in COVID Unit of Farooq Hospital, West Wood, Lahore from April 2020 to July 2020. Data was collected from suspected COVID-19 patients who were subjected to CT chest and RT-PCR. SPSS version 22.0 was used to analyse the data. Frequency and percentages were calculated for categorical variables while mean and standard deviation was calculated for numerical veriables. Results: Of the total 180 patients, there was frequent manifestation of ground-glass opacities (GGOs) 168 (93%) followed by consolidation 121(67%) and reticulation/thickened interlobular septa 41 (23%) in radiological features of our study. Whereas, nodular lesions were completely absent. The highest number of patients 132 (73%) were in CO-RADS 5 classification. GGOs 126 (95%); and c...
Aim: To determine the patterns of learning methods of undergraduate medical students. Study desig... more Aim: To determine the patterns of learning methods of undergraduate medical students. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College, Lahore from 15th November 2022 to 15th January 2023. Methodology: One hundred and six undergraduate medical students, comprising 54 males and 52 females. The questionnaire consisted of 16 items that identified four distinct learning choices: visual, aural, reading/writing and kinesthetic. Results: 14.33% students learned by seeing; 26.59%studied by hearing; 19.16%learned by reading/writing and 19.10% students liked to study by using physical methods.16.39% of students used bimodal sensory modalities and only 4.42% used more than one sensory modality for learning. The results of the study will help medical teaching faculty to modify their educational strategies in response to learning methods of their students. Conclusion: The valuable insight into students’ various approaches to lear...
Background: Thyroid lesions are common in Pakistan and cause major concern because of possibility... more Background: Thyroid lesions are common in Pakistan and cause major concern because of possibility of malignancy in neoplastic lesions in young patients. Histopathological studies of thyroid swellings reveal different pattern of lesions in different regions of the world. Aim: To document the frequency of histopathological pattern of thyroid lesions presented to pathology department at Akhter Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore from year 20012-2017. Method: All thyroidectomy specimens presented to pathology departments at AMDC (2012-2017) were retrospectively reviewed and categorized according to their histological findings. Results: Sixty seven cases were enrolled in our study. The age of the patients ranged from 17 to 75 years. Male to female ratio was 1:4.5. Nonneoplastic cases were (86%) and neoplastic cases were (13%). Benign category of the neoplastic group includes 5 cases (7.5% of all cases, and 55%of neoplastic cases) and the malignant category includes 4cases, represent...
Perimenopause or menopausal transition is the period in which a woman's body makes a natural ... more Perimenopause or menopausal transition is the period in which a woman's body makes a natural shift from more-or-less regular cycles of ovulation and menstruation towards menopause. Materials and Methods: A retrospective age specific comparative analysis of 45 perimenopausal women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding was done who underwent endometrial sampling during 8 months period from January 2014 to August 2014 at the Akhtar Saeed, Hospital. Endometrial tissue collected by sampling procedures such as dilatation and curettage (D and C), endometrial biopsy and fractional curettage had been sent to the pathology laboratory, Akhtar Saeed Medical college, Lahore for evaluation. Results: The most common clinical presentation was represented by menorrhagia (70%) followed by metrorrhagia (15%), polymenorrhagia(15%). Evaluation of the endometrium revealed various patterns on histopathology. Secretory endometrium seen in 14 cases (31%) was the most common out of which late secreto...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Depolymerisation of acid-mucopolysaccharides results in the loss of metachormasia of the ground s... more Depolymerisation of acid-mucopolysaccharides results in the loss of metachormasia of the ground substance followed by visible fibre crumbling, complete dissolution and replacement by lipid droplets and cholesterol. The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of different atherosclerotic lesions in celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries relation to age and sex. A prospective descriptive observation study was conducted at Mortuary of King Edward Medical University Lahore, and Department of Pathology Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore. A total of 30 human autopsies were carried out. Celiac, Superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries were taken out and opened length-wise. One to four areas of tissue were taken from each artery for histological examination. Slides were prepared from each paraffin block. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Special stains were performed on sections to display each component of atherosclerosis. ...
Methods: One hundred and thirty two consecutive patients of nephrotic and nephritic syndrome, bot... more Methods: One hundred and thirty two consecutive patients of nephrotic and nephritic syndrome, both children and adult, were included in the study. After baseline investigations and serum IgA level, 33 patients having clinical suspicion of IgA nephropathy and 1 patient of Henoch Schonlein purpura nephritis were admitted and renal biopsies were taken by well trained nephrologists after consent from the patients and/ or parents of the patient in care of a child. These cases were selected from Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Children Hospital, Services Hospital, Fatima Memorial Hospital and Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Results: Among these 34 renal biopsies, 23 (67.65%) were males and 11(32.35%) were females. The minimum age at biopsy was 2 years and maximum was 73 years, mean±S.D of age was 28.18±19.62. The minimum serum creatinine was 0.60 mg/dl and maximum serum creatinine was 12.80 mg/dl with a mean + S.D serum creatinine being 2.92±3.14mg/dl. Serum IgA level was performed in all the 34 patients ...
Background: Glomerulopathies present in a variety of clinical signs and symptoms. This study was ... more Background: Glomerulopathies present in a variety of clinical signs and symptoms. This study was designed to determine the histological pattern of glomerulopathy in male patient presenting with proteinuria, haematuria and deranged renal functions. Materials and Methods: A total of 111 consecutive male patients of nephritic and nephrotic syndrome (both children and adults) were included in the study. After clinical evaluation, baseline investigations and taking into consideration the inclusion criteria of male gender only these cases were selected for this particular study. They were taken from Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Children Hospital, Services, Fatima Memorial and Jinnah Hospitals Lahore. Results: Among the selected renal biopsies, 111 (100%) were males. The minimum age at biopsy was 02 years and maximum was 73 years. Among the 111 patients microscopical haematuria was present in 51 (45.9%) and macroscopical haematuria in 19 (17.1%) patients. Duration for haematuria was 01 – 24 mont...
Background Globally, there is an increased risk of COVID-19 infection among front-line health wor... more Background Globally, there is an increased risk of COVID-19 infection among front-line health workers (FHW). This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of FHW of Pakistan after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A population web-based survey on COVID-19 vaccine was conducted on 635 FHW in Pakistan between April 15, 2021, and July 15, 2021. The survey focused on four main sections consisting of socio-demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practices after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. The data was analyzed on SPSS. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Overall, 60% of FHW were nervous before getting vaccinated, with the leading reason to get vaccinated being their concern to protect themselves and their community (53.4%). A majority of FHW had fear about the unseen side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine (59.7%) used in Pakistan, with the most common side effect reported as soreness at the injection site (39%). It has been noted that almost a...
BACKGROUND: Genetic mutations, peritoneal metastasis and frequent development of chemoresistance ... more BACKGROUND: Genetic mutations, peritoneal metastasis and frequent development of chemoresistance worsen the prognosis of ovarian carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to determine mutations in cancer susceptibility genes in relation with chemotherapy response. METHODS: In this follow up descriptive study, 47 consenting female patients diagnosed with surface epithelial ovarian cancer were observed for six months after completion of chemotherapy to see the treatment response. For genetic analysis, the DNA extraction was done and the genomic regions of different exons of BRCA1/2, PALB2, CHEK2, BAP1, CTNNB1, HOXB13, and PIK3CA were amplified using gene specific primers followed by Sanger Sequencing. RESULTS: 86.7% of the patients were sensitive to chemotherapy whereas 13.3% showed resistance. Genetic variants of BRCA1 in 7%, BRCA2 in 4.7%, PIK3CA in 9.3%, PALB2 in 7%, CHEK2 in 2.3%, BAP1 in 2.3%, and CTNNB1 in 2.3% of the patients were found. There was also a significant a...
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in Farooq Hospital, West Wood, La... more Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in Farooq Hospital, West Wood, Lahore. A total of 188 COVID-19 positive patients admitted to the corona unit of our hospital were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed either by Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or clinical and imaging studies. Detailed demographic, clinical, laboratory and x-ray chest findings were recorded for each of these patients.
Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS) is a recently documented entity in the World Health Organiz... more Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS) is a recently documented entity in the World Health Organization classification for head and neck tumors. This lesion is a rare form of malignancy arising primarily in the nasal tract. This lesion, exhibiting characteristics of both neural and myogenic differentiation, carries a high preponderance for middle-aged females.
Aim: To determine the frequency of H. pylori infection in biopsy proven gastritis in Lahore. Meth... more Aim: To determine the frequency of H. pylori infection in biopsy proven gastritis in Lahore. Methods: During the period of January 2014 and October 2016, 71 consecutive gastric antral biopsy samples were included because it provides useful information regarding the H. pylori status. The study was approved by the ethical review board of Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histological examination for severity of gastritis and activity of gastritis. Giemsa stain was used for H. pylori assessment. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori was 53(74.64%) in these dyspeptic patients. Grading of inflammation was decided according to Sydney System. In the present study, histopathological examination of 71 patients revealed mild chronic gastritis in 17(23.9%) and moderate chronic gastritis in 51(71.8%) and severe in 2(2.81%) patients. The association was statistically significant (p value <0.05) by using ANOVA. Conclusion: Prev...
Idiopathic IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) has been recognized as the most common form of glomerulonephrit... more Idiopathic IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) has been recognized as the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide since its original description by Berger and Hinglais. Initially considered as a benign disease, the natural history has changed considerably with studies showing an incidence of chronic renal failure ranging from 20 to 40%. The highly variable clinical course has resulted in efforts to determine clinical, laboratory, and histologic features that predict the development of renal failure in IgAN. Light microscopic appearances and clinical features can vary considerably, reflecting the many patterns of histopathologic injury seen. Closely associated with IgAN is Henoch – Schonlein purpura (HSP), a small vessel systemic vasculitis characterized by small blood vessel deposition of IgA predominantly affecting the skin, joints, gut, and kidney. The nephritis of HSP is also characterized by mesangial IgA deposition and may be histologically indistinguishable from IgAN. This article...
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