Novel tri-bore polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes (TBHF) were scaled-up for ... more Novel tri-bore polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes (TBHF) were scaled-up for fabrication on industrial-scale hollow fiber spinning equipment, with the objective of validating the membrane technology for membrane distillation (MD) applications in areas such as desalination, resource recovery, and zero liquid discharge. The membrane chemistry and spinning processes were adapted from a previously reported method and optimized to suit large-scale production processes with the objective of translating the technology from lab scale to pilot scale and eventual commercialization. The membrane process was successfully optimized in small 1.5 kg batches and scaled-up to 20 kg and 50 kg batch sizes with good reproducibility of membrane properties. The membranes were then assembled into 0.5-inch and 2-inch modules of different lengths and evaluated in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) mode, as well as vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) mode. The 0.5-inch modules had...
This document presents guidance to assist the Myanmar Government to formulate policies and strate... more This document presents guidance to assist the Myanmar Government to formulate policies and strategies that can help to further enhance energy efficiency improvement activities in the Myanmar residential sector. It builds on the MECON research project findings and was co-developed through a stakeholder engagement workshop, which was organised in Nay Pyi Taw in May 2019 and was attended by 26 delegates representing a range of academics, energy industry representatives, development organisations, and policy makers representing various ministries. The first draft of the document was presented to senior policy makers in the Myanmar Ministry of Industry and their feedback was incorporated. Four key topics were discussed in the stakeholder workshop, deeper analysis of which could reduce the energy efficiency gap in the residential sector: uncertainty and risks; learning-by-doing to remove information barriers; principal agent issues and consumer heterogeneity. The rest of this document sum...
In Myanmar, only 30% of the total population has an access to electricity and still utilizing the... more In Myanmar, only 30% of the total population has an access to electricity and still utilizing the direct burning firewood- Biomass energy (65.5%) as the main source of energy at most of the rural areas. This study find out the evidence base current household energy usage and to identify the barriers to adoption of Energy efficiency technologies, measures and policies amongst the low-income households in Myanmar. The result indicated that the decision of how much percentage of the income will be spending for energy and what type of appliance will be used for low-income household including the barriers such as; electricity distribution system, bill payments, financial matters, educational level, information, availability of EE appliances in the market and their prices etc. As a conclusion, this study reveals the current status of energy use, the energy efficiency status and barriers for the effective energy efficiency practices for the low-income households in Myanmar and lead to find...
ABSTRACT HIV self-testing (HIVST) shows promise to improve HIV diagnosis among those seeking priv... more ABSTRACT HIV self-testing (HIVST) shows promise to improve HIV diagnosis among those seeking privacy and anonymity in HIV testing. This may include sexual and gender diverse populations, who experience disproportionately high burdens of stigma and HIV globally. To inform potential scale-up of HIVST in Myanmar, we implemented a community-led, mixed-methods randomized trial in Yangon. Adult trans-feminine individuals and cisgender men who have sex with men were recruited via respondent-driven sampling. Participants (N = 577) completed a baseline survey and were randomized to community-based HIV testing services (HTS) or HIVST. One-third of participants reported lifetime HIV testing. Over half (59.4%) returned for a second study visit to report their test result and test acceptability, which was lower among HTS-assigned participants compared to those assigned to HIVST (55.6% vs. 63.1%; p = 0.096). Participants reported that both HIVST and HTS were easy to access, test, and interpret/understand the results of their HIV test. Ninety percent of HTS-assigned participants indicated they would test regularly if they could access HIVST. Qualitative participants (N = 20) described that the convenience and privacy afforded by HIVST may increase the availability and coverage of testing. Taken together, these results suggest HIVST is an acceptable, low-barrier complement to community-based HTS for key populations in Myanmar.
The study aims to analyze the factors influencing the usage of Credit Card of private bank staff.... more The study aims to analyze the factors influencing the usage of Credit Card of private bank staff. The study used both descriptive and analytical research methods. Primary data as well as secondary data are used in this study. Two stage simple random sampling method is used to get the primary data and primary data are collected from private bank staff by using structured questionnaire. Secondary data are obtained from previous studies, reports, related books, journals, literature review, and internet websites. According to the data from Central Bank of Myanmar (2019), there are six private banks which have been offering and are allowed to issue Credit Card in Myanmar. Therefore, in this study, as a first stage, 50% of these private banks are selected and then as the second stage, 20% of bank staff who use Credit Card and working at head office from selected private banks are chosen by using simple random sampling method. In this study, a sample of 400 bank staff is interviewed with s...
2017 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus), 2017
In this article we compare probabilistic and deterministic approaches for estimating the security... more In this article we compare probabilistic and deterministic approaches for estimating the security of information systems. Two parameters of security systems have been determined for compare — the ability to prevent unauthorized entry and deviation the requests with no permissions. Anylogic has been selected as a tool for modelling the information systems security. Two approaches have been used for design of a simulation model — context-roles and the protection of the perimeter. This allows us to develop the hybrid model and confirm its efficiency for comparison analysis the information systems security.
IntroductionPrivate sector provision of HIV treatment is increasing in low-income and middle-inco... more IntroductionPrivate sector provision of HIV treatment is increasing in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC). However, there is limited documentation of its outcomes. This protocol reports a proposed systematic review that will synthesise clinical outcomes of private sector HIV treatment in LMIC.Methods and analysisThis review will be conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses protocols. Primary outcomes will include: (1) proportion of eligible patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART); (2) proportion of those on ART with <1000 copies/mL; (3) rate of all-cause mortality among ART recipients. Secondary outcomes will include: (1) proportion receivingPneumocystis jirovecipneumonia prophylaxis; (2) proportion with >90% ART adherence (based on any measure reported); (3) proportion screened for non-communicable diseases (specifically cervical cancer, diabetes, hypertension and mental ill health); (iv) proportion ...
Efforts to improve HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among people living ... more Efforts to improve HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among people living with HIV and reduce onward transmission of HIV rely on innovative interventions along multiple steps of the HIV care continuum. These innovative methods are particularly important for key populations, including men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW). The HIV epidemic in Myanmar is concentrated among key populations, and national efforts now focus on reducing stigma and improving engagement of MSM and TW in HIV prevention and care. This study aims to test the use of several innovations to address losses in the HIV care continuum: (1) use of respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to reach and engage MSM and TW in HIV testing, (2) HIV self-testing (HIVST) to increase HIV testing uptake and aid early diagnosis of infection, (3) community-based CD4 point-of-care (POC) technology to rapidly stage HIV disease for those who are HIV infected, and (4) peer navigation support to incre...
IntroductionThere is a growing interest in the potential contribution the private sector can make... more IntroductionThere is a growing interest in the potential contribution the private sector can make towards increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low‐ and middle‐income settings. This article describes a public–private partnership that was developed to expand HIV care capacity in Yangon, Myanmar. The partnership was between private sector general practitioners (GPs) and a community‐based non‐governmental organization (International HIV/AIDS Alliance).MethodsRetrospective analysis of 2119 patient records dating from March 2009 to April 2015 was conducted. Outcomes assessed were immunological response, loss to follow‐up, all‐cause mortality, and alive and retained in care. Follow‐up time was calculated from the date of registration to the date of death, loss to follow‐up, transfer out, or if still alive and known to be in care, until April 2015. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors of loss to follow‐up and mortality. Kaplan–Meier survival analysi...
Novel tri-bore polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes (TBHF) were scaled-up for ... more Novel tri-bore polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes (TBHF) were scaled-up for fabrication on industrial-scale hollow fiber spinning equipment, with the objective of validating the membrane technology for membrane distillation (MD) applications in areas such as desalination, resource recovery, and zero liquid discharge. The membrane chemistry and spinning processes were adapted from a previously reported method and optimized to suit large-scale production processes with the objective of translating the technology from lab scale to pilot scale and eventual commercialization. The membrane process was successfully optimized in small 1.5 kg batches and scaled-up to 20 kg and 50 kg batch sizes with good reproducibility of membrane properties. The membranes were then assembled into 0.5-inch and 2-inch modules of different lengths and evaluated in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) mode, as well as vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) mode. The 0.5-inch modules had...
This document presents guidance to assist the Myanmar Government to formulate policies and strate... more This document presents guidance to assist the Myanmar Government to formulate policies and strategies that can help to further enhance energy efficiency improvement activities in the Myanmar residential sector. It builds on the MECON research project findings and was co-developed through a stakeholder engagement workshop, which was organised in Nay Pyi Taw in May 2019 and was attended by 26 delegates representing a range of academics, energy industry representatives, development organisations, and policy makers representing various ministries. The first draft of the document was presented to senior policy makers in the Myanmar Ministry of Industry and their feedback was incorporated. Four key topics were discussed in the stakeholder workshop, deeper analysis of which could reduce the energy efficiency gap in the residential sector: uncertainty and risks; learning-by-doing to remove information barriers; principal agent issues and consumer heterogeneity. The rest of this document sum...
In Myanmar, only 30% of the total population has an access to electricity and still utilizing the... more In Myanmar, only 30% of the total population has an access to electricity and still utilizing the direct burning firewood- Biomass energy (65.5%) as the main source of energy at most of the rural areas. This study find out the evidence base current household energy usage and to identify the barriers to adoption of Energy efficiency technologies, measures and policies amongst the low-income households in Myanmar. The result indicated that the decision of how much percentage of the income will be spending for energy and what type of appliance will be used for low-income household including the barriers such as; electricity distribution system, bill payments, financial matters, educational level, information, availability of EE appliances in the market and their prices etc. As a conclusion, this study reveals the current status of energy use, the energy efficiency status and barriers for the effective energy efficiency practices for the low-income households in Myanmar and lead to find...
ABSTRACT HIV self-testing (HIVST) shows promise to improve HIV diagnosis among those seeking priv... more ABSTRACT HIV self-testing (HIVST) shows promise to improve HIV diagnosis among those seeking privacy and anonymity in HIV testing. This may include sexual and gender diverse populations, who experience disproportionately high burdens of stigma and HIV globally. To inform potential scale-up of HIVST in Myanmar, we implemented a community-led, mixed-methods randomized trial in Yangon. Adult trans-feminine individuals and cisgender men who have sex with men were recruited via respondent-driven sampling. Participants (N = 577) completed a baseline survey and were randomized to community-based HIV testing services (HTS) or HIVST. One-third of participants reported lifetime HIV testing. Over half (59.4%) returned for a second study visit to report their test result and test acceptability, which was lower among HTS-assigned participants compared to those assigned to HIVST (55.6% vs. 63.1%; p = 0.096). Participants reported that both HIVST and HTS were easy to access, test, and interpret/understand the results of their HIV test. Ninety percent of HTS-assigned participants indicated they would test regularly if they could access HIVST. Qualitative participants (N = 20) described that the convenience and privacy afforded by HIVST may increase the availability and coverage of testing. Taken together, these results suggest HIVST is an acceptable, low-barrier complement to community-based HTS for key populations in Myanmar.
The study aims to analyze the factors influencing the usage of Credit Card of private bank staff.... more The study aims to analyze the factors influencing the usage of Credit Card of private bank staff. The study used both descriptive and analytical research methods. Primary data as well as secondary data are used in this study. Two stage simple random sampling method is used to get the primary data and primary data are collected from private bank staff by using structured questionnaire. Secondary data are obtained from previous studies, reports, related books, journals, literature review, and internet websites. According to the data from Central Bank of Myanmar (2019), there are six private banks which have been offering and are allowed to issue Credit Card in Myanmar. Therefore, in this study, as a first stage, 50% of these private banks are selected and then as the second stage, 20% of bank staff who use Credit Card and working at head office from selected private banks are chosen by using simple random sampling method. In this study, a sample of 400 bank staff is interviewed with s...
2017 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus), 2017
In this article we compare probabilistic and deterministic approaches for estimating the security... more In this article we compare probabilistic and deterministic approaches for estimating the security of information systems. Two parameters of security systems have been determined for compare — the ability to prevent unauthorized entry and deviation the requests with no permissions. Anylogic has been selected as a tool for modelling the information systems security. Two approaches have been used for design of a simulation model — context-roles and the protection of the perimeter. This allows us to develop the hybrid model and confirm its efficiency for comparison analysis the information systems security.
IntroductionPrivate sector provision of HIV treatment is increasing in low-income and middle-inco... more IntroductionPrivate sector provision of HIV treatment is increasing in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC). However, there is limited documentation of its outcomes. This protocol reports a proposed systematic review that will synthesise clinical outcomes of private sector HIV treatment in LMIC.Methods and analysisThis review will be conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses protocols. Primary outcomes will include: (1) proportion of eligible patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART); (2) proportion of those on ART with <1000 copies/mL; (3) rate of all-cause mortality among ART recipients. Secondary outcomes will include: (1) proportion receivingPneumocystis jirovecipneumonia prophylaxis; (2) proportion with >90% ART adherence (based on any measure reported); (3) proportion screened for non-communicable diseases (specifically cervical cancer, diabetes, hypertension and mental ill health); (iv) proportion ...
Efforts to improve HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among people living ... more Efforts to improve HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among people living with HIV and reduce onward transmission of HIV rely on innovative interventions along multiple steps of the HIV care continuum. These innovative methods are particularly important for key populations, including men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW). The HIV epidemic in Myanmar is concentrated among key populations, and national efforts now focus on reducing stigma and improving engagement of MSM and TW in HIV prevention and care. This study aims to test the use of several innovations to address losses in the HIV care continuum: (1) use of respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to reach and engage MSM and TW in HIV testing, (2) HIV self-testing (HIVST) to increase HIV testing uptake and aid early diagnosis of infection, (3) community-based CD4 point-of-care (POC) technology to rapidly stage HIV disease for those who are HIV infected, and (4) peer navigation support to incre...
IntroductionThere is a growing interest in the potential contribution the private sector can make... more IntroductionThere is a growing interest in the potential contribution the private sector can make towards increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low‐ and middle‐income settings. This article describes a public–private partnership that was developed to expand HIV care capacity in Yangon, Myanmar. The partnership was between private sector general practitioners (GPs) and a community‐based non‐governmental organization (International HIV/AIDS Alliance).MethodsRetrospective analysis of 2119 patient records dating from March 2009 to April 2015 was conducted. Outcomes assessed were immunological response, loss to follow‐up, all‐cause mortality, and alive and retained in care. Follow‐up time was calculated from the date of registration to the date of death, loss to follow‐up, transfer out, or if still alive and known to be in care, until April 2015. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors of loss to follow‐up and mortality. Kaplan–Meier survival analysi...
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