Abstract For several decades, technology-supported learning has promised to revolutionize, person... more Abstract For several decades, technology-supported learning has promised to revolutionize, personalize, and democratize learning. The advent of Web-based learning in the 1990s introduced a requirement for interoperability, which generated a demand for learning-...
The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be i... more The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Advanced Research
As the market embraces adaptive instructional systems (AISs) and related data-intensive learning ... more As the market embraces adaptive instructional systems (AISs) and related data-intensive learning technologies, effective and economical deployment of products from multiple vendors will require critical infrastructure components. Four important types of data must be managed and securely shared across applications: the learner’s background and objectives; a profile of the learner’s current state of mastery; live data recording the learner’s current activities; and metadata describing the available learning activities. Additionally, software tools to manage multi-product learning environments will be needed. This paper explains the importance of these infrastructure components, reviews their state of readiness, and anticipates the benefits they will offer to various stakeholders.
Arenas, E ORCiD: 0000-0002-1533-9109In the last ten years, the idea of openness in education to a... more Arenas, E ORCiD: 0000-0002-1533-9109In the last ten years, the idea of openness in education to address issues of knowledge hoarding and social inequity has received considerable attention from a variety of educational institutions and individuals. Today, it is a common practice that universities produce open educational resources (OERs) to be shared and reused cross-institutionally. However, the effective authoring, deployment and distribution of such educational resources is a complex task with a number of issues that still remain relevant for the massive adoption of the OERs paradigm. From the technology viewpoint, a major issue holding back the effective adoption in higher education is the lack of an open source, highly interoperable educational platform that has all of the affordances needed for modern OERs, including mobile delivery and accessibility. In this paper, we describe the Actionable Data Book (ADBook) standard currently under development, a technology-enabled learning environment which can potentially address the challenges for the delivery of transformative open access education. Further, the affordances of the ADBook might lay the foundations of a global platform for connected and inclusive education in all educational and training situations, including those in developing countries, for instance, where innovative solutions will be required to advance national educational goals
In the United States and other developed countries, new products built on emerging technologies s... more In the United States and other developed countries, new products built on emerging technologies such as tablets, mobile devices, cloud-based services, and eBooks have generated widespread discussion about disruptive change in education at all levels. Typical questions raised include:
This is an excerpt from the Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, a compendium of hundreds of arti... more This is an excerpt from the Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, a compendium of hundreds of articles about AI ideas, techniques, and programs being prepared at Stanford University by AI researchers and students from across the country. In addition to articles describing the specifics of various AI programming methods, the Handbook contains dozens of overview articles like this one, which attempt to give historical and scientific perspective to work in the different areas of AI research. This article is from the Handbook chapter on natural language understanding. Cross-references to other articles in the handbook have been removed-terms discussed in more detail elsewhere are italicized. Many people have contributed to this chapter, including especially Anne Gardner, James Davidson, and Terry Winograd. Avron Barr and Edward A. Feigenbaum are the Handbook's general editors.
2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC), 2013
ABSTRACT The phenomenal growth in the adoption of mobile cellular devices in the developing world... more ABSTRACT The phenomenal growth in the adoption of mobile cellular devices in the developing world has open the opportunity to develop a global platform for connected learning - a software and data infrastructure that will serve as the foundation for the many systems that we build to realize the idea of equal access to educational services. In this paper, we argue that the most challenging factor for the deployment of this platform is the development and implementation of an engineering standard specification grounded in new learning theories and principles. We propose the IEEE ADBook that has the potential to become the first truly global framework for connected learning supporting inclusive education in developing countries.
A software platform is, to students of the software industry, what volcanoes are to geologists–dr... more A software platform is, to students of the software industry, what volcanoes are to geologists–dramatic manifestations of powerful subterranean forces, often colossal, sometimes threatening. There have been many software platforms over the years–questions as to ...
Abstract For several decades, technology-supported learning has promised to revolutionize, person... more Abstract For several decades, technology-supported learning has promised to revolutionize, personalize, and democratize learning. The advent of Web-based learning in the 1990s introduced a requirement for interoperability, which generated a demand for learning-...
The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be i... more The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Advanced Research
As the market embraces adaptive instructional systems (AISs) and related data-intensive learning ... more As the market embraces adaptive instructional systems (AISs) and related data-intensive learning technologies, effective and economical deployment of products from multiple vendors will require critical infrastructure components. Four important types of data must be managed and securely shared across applications: the learner’s background and objectives; a profile of the learner’s current state of mastery; live data recording the learner’s current activities; and metadata describing the available learning activities. Additionally, software tools to manage multi-product learning environments will be needed. This paper explains the importance of these infrastructure components, reviews their state of readiness, and anticipates the benefits they will offer to various stakeholders.
Arenas, E ORCiD: 0000-0002-1533-9109In the last ten years, the idea of openness in education to a... more Arenas, E ORCiD: 0000-0002-1533-9109In the last ten years, the idea of openness in education to address issues of knowledge hoarding and social inequity has received considerable attention from a variety of educational institutions and individuals. Today, it is a common practice that universities produce open educational resources (OERs) to be shared and reused cross-institutionally. However, the effective authoring, deployment and distribution of such educational resources is a complex task with a number of issues that still remain relevant for the massive adoption of the OERs paradigm. From the technology viewpoint, a major issue holding back the effective adoption in higher education is the lack of an open source, highly interoperable educational platform that has all of the affordances needed for modern OERs, including mobile delivery and accessibility. In this paper, we describe the Actionable Data Book (ADBook) standard currently under development, a technology-enabled learning environment which can potentially address the challenges for the delivery of transformative open access education. Further, the affordances of the ADBook might lay the foundations of a global platform for connected and inclusive education in all educational and training situations, including those in developing countries, for instance, where innovative solutions will be required to advance national educational goals
In the United States and other developed countries, new products built on emerging technologies s... more In the United States and other developed countries, new products built on emerging technologies such as tablets, mobile devices, cloud-based services, and eBooks have generated widespread discussion about disruptive change in education at all levels. Typical questions raised include:
This is an excerpt from the Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, a compendium of hundreds of arti... more This is an excerpt from the Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, a compendium of hundreds of articles about AI ideas, techniques, and programs being prepared at Stanford University by AI researchers and students from across the country. In addition to articles describing the specifics of various AI programming methods, the Handbook contains dozens of overview articles like this one, which attempt to give historical and scientific perspective to work in the different areas of AI research. This article is from the Handbook chapter on natural language understanding. Cross-references to other articles in the handbook have been removed-terms discussed in more detail elsewhere are italicized. Many people have contributed to this chapter, including especially Anne Gardner, James Davidson, and Terry Winograd. Avron Barr and Edward A. Feigenbaum are the Handbook's general editors.
2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC), 2013
ABSTRACT The phenomenal growth in the adoption of mobile cellular devices in the developing world... more ABSTRACT The phenomenal growth in the adoption of mobile cellular devices in the developing world has open the opportunity to develop a global platform for connected learning - a software and data infrastructure that will serve as the foundation for the many systems that we build to realize the idea of equal access to educational services. In this paper, we argue that the most challenging factor for the deployment of this platform is the development and implementation of an engineering standard specification grounded in new learning theories and principles. We propose the IEEE ADBook that has the potential to become the first truly global framework for connected learning supporting inclusive education in developing countries.
A software platform is, to students of the software industry, what volcanoes are to geologists–dr... more A software platform is, to students of the software industry, what volcanoes are to geologists–dramatic manifestations of powerful subterranean forces, often colossal, sometimes threatening. There have been many software platforms over the years–questions as to ...
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