Sequestration of liquid CO2 into the intermediate depth ocean has been considered as a means to r... more Sequestration of liquid CO2 into the intermediate depth ocean has been considered as a means to reduce atmospheric concentration of this greenhouse gas and mitigate global warming. A number of CO2 droplets are released and diluted into the intermediate ocean. The behavior of CO2 dissolution is very important in order to control the concentration of CO2 and to keep the environmental impact minimum. Under conditions in the intermediate ocean, that is, high pressure and low temperature, the CO2 clathrate hydrate film was formed on the CO2 droplet surface. The hydrate film has been considered to decrease the dissolution rate and the CO2 concentration near the droplet surface. The authors applied a LIF technique with a new kind of the dye as a pH indicator. The new dye in the CO2 dissolved water emitted intense fluorescence dependent on its pH. The visualized images showed the two dimensional distribution of the pH, i.e., CO2 concentration, around the CO2 droplet with or without the hydr...
Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies - 6th International Conference, 2003
Publisher Summary This chapter describes efforts to understand the dynamics of liquid CO2 plumes ... more Publisher Summary This chapter describes efforts to understand the dynamics of liquid CO2 plumes in seawater using both laboratory and computer models. It also includes a summary of proposed field measurements designed to validate these models as part of the International Collaboration on Ocean CO2 Sequestration. CO2 discharged into seawater at intermediate depths results in a collection of liquid droplets. The nature of the CO2 breakup and the resulting droplet size distribution has been described in the chapter. As the droplets rise, they form a buoyant plume that entrains ambient seawater, much like a sewage or thermal plume. The liquid CO2 gradually dissolves, causing the concentration of dissolved CO2 in seawater to increase and the pH to decrease. Because of its buoyancy, the undissolved liquid CO2 rises, while ambient currents and stratification cause the CO2 enriched seawater to separate from the droplets. In addition, the CO2-enriched seawater is heavier than ambient seawater, promoting sinking. These processes have been studied using a combination of laboratory and computer models. The chapter also summarizes proposed field measurements designed to validate these models as part of the International Collaboration on Ocean CO2 Sequestration.
International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2021
Abstract The dynamics and plume development of injected CO2 dispersion and dissolution through se... more Abstract The dynamics and plume development of injected CO2 dispersion and dissolution through sediments into water column, at the STEMM-CCS field experiment conducted in Goldeneye, are simulated and predicted by a newly developed two-phase flow model based on Navier-Stokes-Darcy equations. In the experiment, CO2 gas was released into shallow marine sediment 3.0 m below the seafloor at 120 m water depth in the North Sea. The pre-experimental survey data of porosity, grain size distributions, and brine concentration are used to reconstruct the model sediments. The gas CO2 is then injected into the sediments at a rate of 5.7 kg/day to 143 kg/day. The model is validated by diagnostic simulations to compare with field observation data of CO2 eruption time, changes in pH in sediments, and the gas leakage rates. Then the dynamics of the CO2 plume development in the sediments are investigated by model simulations, including the leakage pathways, the fluids interactions among CO2/brine/sediments, and CO2 dissolution, in order to comprehend the mechanisms of CO2 leakage through sediments. It is shown from model simulations that the CO2 plume develops horizontally in the sediments at a rate of 0.375 m/day, CO2 dissolution in the sediments is at an overall average rate of 0.03 g/sec with some peaks of 0.45 g/sec, 0.15 g/sec, and 0.3 g/sec, respectively, following the increase in injection rates, when some fresh brine provided. These, therefore, lead to a ratio of 0.90~0.93 of CO2 leakage rate to injection rate.
... 1. pp. 59-68. (1977). Rona, PA. Palmer. DR. Jones. C., Chayes, DA. Czarnecki. M.. Carey, EW, ... more ... 1. pp. 59-68. (1977). Rona, PA. Palmer. DR. Jones. C., Chayes, DA. Czarnecki. M.. Carey, EW, and Geurrero, ]. C.: Acoustic Imaging of Hydrothermal Plumes, East Pacific Rise, 2ION, I09OW, Geophys Res. Lett., vol. 18 (12). pp. 2233-2236,(1991). Song. Y. Nishio. M.. Chen. ...
We estimated the effects of initial vertical distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on ... more We estimated the effects of initial vertical distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on storage efficiency of direct injection of CO2 into the ocean. Our simulations shown that the storage efficiencies could be reduced up to 10% if a relative large droplet (30 mm in diameter) was injected at depth of 1500m. The storage efficiency of CO2 ocean sequestration is strongly related with not only injection depth but also the initial CO2 droplet diameter. With a given injection rate, the larger droplets injected will produce a dilute DIC plume and thus improve the acute biological impacts but a smaller storage effective due to droplet ascending. INTRODUCTION CO2 ocean sequestration had been studied as a mean to mitigate the accumulations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere [Marchetti, 1977], To assess this technology, simulations, using either ocean general circulation models [OGCMs, Caldeira et al., 2002] or one-dimensional diffusion models (Herzog et al., 2003), predicted that th...
Sequestration of liquid CO2 into the intermediate depth ocean has been considered as a means to r... more Sequestration of liquid CO2 into the intermediate depth ocean has been considered as a means to reduce atmospheric concentration of this greenhouse gas and mitigate global warming. A number of CO2 droplets are released and diluted into the intermediate ocean. The behavior of CO2 dissolution is very important in order to control the concentration of CO2 and to keep the environmental impact minimum. Under conditions in the intermediate ocean, that is, high pressure and low temperature, the CO2 clathrate hydrate film was formed on the CO2 droplet surface. The hydrate film has been considered to decrease the dissolution rate and the CO2 concentration near the droplet surface. The authors applied a LIF technique with a new kind of the dye as a pH indicator. The new dye in the CO2 dissolved water emitted intense fluorescence dependent on its pH. The visualized images showed the two dimensional distribution of the pH, i.e., CO2 concentration, around the CO2 droplet with or without the hydr...
Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies - 6th International Conference, 2003
Publisher Summary This chapter describes efforts to understand the dynamics of liquid CO2 plumes ... more Publisher Summary This chapter describes efforts to understand the dynamics of liquid CO2 plumes in seawater using both laboratory and computer models. It also includes a summary of proposed field measurements designed to validate these models as part of the International Collaboration on Ocean CO2 Sequestration. CO2 discharged into seawater at intermediate depths results in a collection of liquid droplets. The nature of the CO2 breakup and the resulting droplet size distribution has been described in the chapter. As the droplets rise, they form a buoyant plume that entrains ambient seawater, much like a sewage or thermal plume. The liquid CO2 gradually dissolves, causing the concentration of dissolved CO2 in seawater to increase and the pH to decrease. Because of its buoyancy, the undissolved liquid CO2 rises, while ambient currents and stratification cause the CO2 enriched seawater to separate from the droplets. In addition, the CO2-enriched seawater is heavier than ambient seawater, promoting sinking. These processes have been studied using a combination of laboratory and computer models. The chapter also summarizes proposed field measurements designed to validate these models as part of the International Collaboration on Ocean CO2 Sequestration.
International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2021
Abstract The dynamics and plume development of injected CO2 dispersion and dissolution through se... more Abstract The dynamics and plume development of injected CO2 dispersion and dissolution through sediments into water column, at the STEMM-CCS field experiment conducted in Goldeneye, are simulated and predicted by a newly developed two-phase flow model based on Navier-Stokes-Darcy equations. In the experiment, CO2 gas was released into shallow marine sediment 3.0 m below the seafloor at 120 m water depth in the North Sea. The pre-experimental survey data of porosity, grain size distributions, and brine concentration are used to reconstruct the model sediments. The gas CO2 is then injected into the sediments at a rate of 5.7 kg/day to 143 kg/day. The model is validated by diagnostic simulations to compare with field observation data of CO2 eruption time, changes in pH in sediments, and the gas leakage rates. Then the dynamics of the CO2 plume development in the sediments are investigated by model simulations, including the leakage pathways, the fluids interactions among CO2/brine/sediments, and CO2 dissolution, in order to comprehend the mechanisms of CO2 leakage through sediments. It is shown from model simulations that the CO2 plume develops horizontally in the sediments at a rate of 0.375 m/day, CO2 dissolution in the sediments is at an overall average rate of 0.03 g/sec with some peaks of 0.45 g/sec, 0.15 g/sec, and 0.3 g/sec, respectively, following the increase in injection rates, when some fresh brine provided. These, therefore, lead to a ratio of 0.90~0.93 of CO2 leakage rate to injection rate.
... 1. pp. 59-68. (1977). Rona, PA. Palmer. DR. Jones. C., Chayes, DA. Czarnecki. M.. Carey, EW, ... more ... 1. pp. 59-68. (1977). Rona, PA. Palmer. DR. Jones. C., Chayes, DA. Czarnecki. M.. Carey, EW, and Geurrero, ]. C.: Acoustic Imaging of Hydrothermal Plumes, East Pacific Rise, 2ION, I09OW, Geophys Res. Lett., vol. 18 (12). pp. 2233-2236,(1991). Song. Y. Nishio. M.. Chen. ...
We estimated the effects of initial vertical distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on ... more We estimated the effects of initial vertical distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on storage efficiency of direct injection of CO2 into the ocean. Our simulations shown that the storage efficiencies could be reduced up to 10% if a relative large droplet (30 mm in diameter) was injected at depth of 1500m. The storage efficiency of CO2 ocean sequestration is strongly related with not only injection depth but also the initial CO2 droplet diameter. With a given injection rate, the larger droplets injected will produce a dilute DIC plume and thus improve the acute biological impacts but a smaller storage effective due to droplet ascending. INTRODUCTION CO2 ocean sequestration had been studied as a mean to mitigate the accumulations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere [Marchetti, 1977], To assess this technology, simulations, using either ocean general circulation models [OGCMs, Caldeira et al., 2002] or one-dimensional diffusion models (Herzog et al., 2003), predicted that th...
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