International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, 2014
ABSTRACT We describe the Gulf Region Health Outreach Program (GRHOP), a series of four integrated... more ABSTRACT We describe the Gulf Region Health Outreach Program (GRHOP), a series of four integrated community-based projects designed to be embedded in and to complement the existing efforts undertak...
The explosion and subsequent blowout of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) offshore drilling rig on Apri... more The explosion and subsequent blowout of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) offshore drilling rig on April 20, 2010, led to the largest accidental offshore oil spill since the advent of the petroleum industry, dwarfed only by the deliberate release of crude oil by Iraqi forces during the Persian Gulf War. Over the time until the well was capped on July 15, approximately 200 million gallons of oil spilled into the Gulf of Mexico from the ocean floor beneath the well site located approximately 50 miles off the coast of Louisiana. For perspective, this amount is nearly 20 times the amount of oil discharged during the Exxon Valdez incident in Alaska. As a result, massive mitigation efforts took place during and after the flow of oil which entailed mechanical recovery, controlled burning, and chemical dispersion. As a result unprecedented application of oil dispersant agents was employed by BP during this time until their use was curtailed by the EPA on May 26, 2010. Overall, about 17 20% of the...
We studied over 17,000 peripheral blood counts, accumulated during surveillance from 1940 through... more We studied over 17,000 peripheral blood counts, accumulated during surveillance from 1940 through 1975, from a cohort of 459 benzene-exposed workers. Linear regressions demonstrated significant decreases in white and red cell counts, as well as hemoglobin, for workers exposed during the 1940's, without persistent trends over the ensuing 25 years. Strongly positive correlations were observed between these blood count fluctuations and fluctuations in retrospective estimates of benzene exposures for this plant for the earlier periods of surveillance (mean estimated exposure 1940 to 1948, 75 ppm), but not for later years (mean estimated exposure 1948 to 1975, 15 to 20 ppm). These data suggest substantial limitations of hematologic examination of populations to detect abnormalities in populations currently exposed to benzene. The data also demonstrate a novel approach to the biological validation of exposure estimates based upon limited industrial hygiene and historical record data.
Abstract: Mobile sources contribute to air pollution both directly and indirectly through emissio... more Abstract: Mobile sources contribute to air pollution both directly and indirectly through emission of precursors to photochemical reactions. Numerous pollutants are emitted including those regulated by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (ozone, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter such as sulfuric acid, carbon monoxide, and lead) as well as others that are not regulated. These pollutants are known to cause a variety of health effects, and the effects of highest concern are to be discussed along with mention of key ...
... Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, and Scripps ... ... more ... Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, and Scripps ... should start with a clear understanding of where we are now and where we ... Cappellini, Hannah Koon, Kirsty Penkman, Ben Elsworth, Dave Ashford, Caroline Solazzo, Phillip Andrews ...
Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 1971
The earliest manifestation of the toxicity of ozone in an in vitro system utilizing human erythro... more The earliest manifestation of the toxicity of ozone in an in vitro system utilizing human erythrocytes had been previously suggested to be due to the breakdown of unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane. To confirm that destruction of unsaturated fatty acids does occur in biological membranes exposed to ozone, red cell fatty acids were extracted, methylated, and quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography. After ozone exposure there was a relative decrease in unsaturated fatty acids as compared to saturated fatty acids, and the more unsaturated the fatty acid, the greater the loss. These findings are interpreted as additional evidence supporting the concept that the peroxidation or ozonization of unsaturated fatty acids in biological membranes is a primary mechanism of the deleterious effects of ozone.
International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, 2014
ABSTRACT We describe the Gulf Region Health Outreach Program (GRHOP), a series of four integrated... more ABSTRACT We describe the Gulf Region Health Outreach Program (GRHOP), a series of four integrated community-based projects designed to be embedded in and to complement the existing efforts undertak...
The explosion and subsequent blowout of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) offshore drilling rig on Apri... more The explosion and subsequent blowout of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) offshore drilling rig on April 20, 2010, led to the largest accidental offshore oil spill since the advent of the petroleum industry, dwarfed only by the deliberate release of crude oil by Iraqi forces during the Persian Gulf War. Over the time until the well was capped on July 15, approximately 200 million gallons of oil spilled into the Gulf of Mexico from the ocean floor beneath the well site located approximately 50 miles off the coast of Louisiana. For perspective, this amount is nearly 20 times the amount of oil discharged during the Exxon Valdez incident in Alaska. As a result, massive mitigation efforts took place during and after the flow of oil which entailed mechanical recovery, controlled burning, and chemical dispersion. As a result unprecedented application of oil dispersant agents was employed by BP during this time until their use was curtailed by the EPA on May 26, 2010. Overall, about 17 20% of the...
We studied over 17,000 peripheral blood counts, accumulated during surveillance from 1940 through... more We studied over 17,000 peripheral blood counts, accumulated during surveillance from 1940 through 1975, from a cohort of 459 benzene-exposed workers. Linear regressions demonstrated significant decreases in white and red cell counts, as well as hemoglobin, for workers exposed during the 1940's, without persistent trends over the ensuing 25 years. Strongly positive correlations were observed between these blood count fluctuations and fluctuations in retrospective estimates of benzene exposures for this plant for the earlier periods of surveillance (mean estimated exposure 1940 to 1948, 75 ppm), but not for later years (mean estimated exposure 1948 to 1975, 15 to 20 ppm). These data suggest substantial limitations of hematologic examination of populations to detect abnormalities in populations currently exposed to benzene. The data also demonstrate a novel approach to the biological validation of exposure estimates based upon limited industrial hygiene and historical record data.
Abstract: Mobile sources contribute to air pollution both directly and indirectly through emissio... more Abstract: Mobile sources contribute to air pollution both directly and indirectly through emission of precursors to photochemical reactions. Numerous pollutants are emitted including those regulated by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (ozone, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter such as sulfuric acid, carbon monoxide, and lead) as well as others that are not regulated. These pollutants are known to cause a variety of health effects, and the effects of highest concern are to be discussed along with mention of key ...
... Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, and Scripps ... ... more ... Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, and Scripps ... should start with a clear understanding of where we are now and where we ... Cappellini, Hannah Koon, Kirsty Penkman, Ben Elsworth, Dave Ashford, Caroline Solazzo, Phillip Andrews ...
Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 1971
The earliest manifestation of the toxicity of ozone in an in vitro system utilizing human erythro... more The earliest manifestation of the toxicity of ozone in an in vitro system utilizing human erythrocytes had been previously suggested to be due to the breakdown of unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane. To confirm that destruction of unsaturated fatty acids does occur in biological membranes exposed to ozone, red cell fatty acids were extracted, methylated, and quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography. After ozone exposure there was a relative decrease in unsaturated fatty acids as compared to saturated fatty acids, and the more unsaturated the fatty acid, the greater the loss. These findings are interpreted as additional evidence supporting the concept that the peroxidation or ozonization of unsaturated fatty acids in biological membranes is a primary mechanism of the deleterious effects of ozone.
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