This is the first report of individual variability and population diversity of the contents of no... more This is the first report of individual variability and population diversity of the contents of nonacosan-10-ol and n-alkanes in the needle cuticular waxes of Bosnian pines originated from Montenegro, regarded as Pinus heldreichii var. leucodermis, and from Serbia, regarded as P. heldreichii var. pančići. The amount of nonacosan-10-ol varied individually from 27.4 to 73.2% (55.5% in average), but differences between the four investigated populations were not statistically confirmed. The size of the n-alkanes ranged from C(18) to C(33). The most abundant n-alkanes were C(23), C(27), and C(25) (12.2, 11.2, and 10.8% in average, resp.). The carbon preference index (CPI) of the n-alkanes ranged from 0.8 to 3.1 (1.6 in average), while the average chain length (ACL) ranged from 20.9 to 26.5 (24.4 in average). Long-chain and mid-chain n-alkanes prevailed (49.6 and 37.9% in average, resp.). It was also found that the populations of P. heldreichii var. leucodermis had predominantly a narrower range of n-alkanes (C(18)-C(31)) than the trees of the variety pančići (C(18)-C(33)). Differences between the varieties were also significant for most of the other characteristics of the n-alkane pattern (e.g., most abundant n-alkanes, CPI, ACL, and relative proportion of short-, mid-, and long-chain n-alkanes). The principle component and cluster analyses of eleven n-alkanes confirmed the significant diversity of these two varieties.
In studies of population variability, particular attention has to be paid to the selection of a r... more In studies of population variability, particular attention has to be paid to the selection of a representative sample. The aim of this study was to assess the size of the new representative sample on the basis of the variability of chemical content of the initial sample on the example of a whitebark pine population. Statistical analysis included the content of 19 characteristics (terpene hydrocarbons and their derivates) of the initial sample of 10 elements (trees). It was determined that the new sample should contain 20 trees so that the mean value calculated from it represents a basic set with a probability higher than 95 %. Determination of the lower limit of the representative sample size that guarantees a satisfactory reliability of generalization proved to be very important in order to achieve cost efficiency of the research.
The paper investigates effects of detergent for domestic use on the photosynthetic activity and c... more The paper investigates effects of detergent for domestic use on the photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll content in intact bean leaves. The plants were watered for 21 days with a solution of domestic washing powder of 0.60 g r/l. It was established that the activity of photosynthetic apparatus in the plant leaf PhACNorm [%] decreases exponentially with the length of plant treatment/watering. At the end of the treatment (21st day) the activity of photosynthetic apparatus in the dosed plant leaf was no more than 45% of that in control plant (those which were not watered with detergent solution). With increased plant treatment duration the changed chlorophyll concentration ΔChlNorm [%] rose non-linearly in plant leaves. The highest change ΔChlNorm [%] was observed on the 21st day and amounted to 12%.
This is the first report of individual variability and population diversity of the contents of no... more This is the first report of individual variability and population diversity of the contents of nonacosan-10-ol and n-alkanes in the needle cuticular waxes of Bosnian pines originated from Montenegro, regarded as Pinus heldreichii var. leucodermis, and from Serbia, regarded as P. heldreichii var. pančići. The amount of nonacosan-10-ol varied individually from 27.4 to 73.2% (55.5% in average), but differences between the four investigated populations were not statistically confirmed. The size of the n-alkanes ranged from C(18) to C(33). The most abundant n-alkanes were C(23), C(27), and C(25) (12.2, 11.2, and 10.8% in average, resp.). The carbon preference index (CPI) of the n-alkanes ranged from 0.8 to 3.1 (1.6 in average), while the average chain length (ACL) ranged from 20.9 to 26.5 (24.4 in average). Long-chain and mid-chain n-alkanes prevailed (49.6 and 37.9% in average, resp.). It was also found that the populations of P. heldreichii var. leucodermis had predominantly a narrower range of n-alkanes (C(18)-C(31)) than the trees of the variety pančići (C(18)-C(33)). Differences between the varieties were also significant for most of the other characteristics of the n-alkane pattern (e.g., most abundant n-alkanes, CPI, ACL, and relative proportion of short-, mid-, and long-chain n-alkanes). The principle component and cluster analyses of eleven n-alkanes confirmed the significant diversity of these two varieties.
In studies of population variability, particular attention has to be paid to the selection of a r... more In studies of population variability, particular attention has to be paid to the selection of a representative sample. The aim of this study was to assess the size of the new representative sample on the basis of the variability of chemical content of the initial sample on the example of a whitebark pine population. Statistical analysis included the content of 19 characteristics (terpene hydrocarbons and their derivates) of the initial sample of 10 elements (trees). It was determined that the new sample should contain 20 trees so that the mean value calculated from it represents a basic set with a probability higher than 95 %. Determination of the lower limit of the representative sample size that guarantees a satisfactory reliability of generalization proved to be very important in order to achieve cost efficiency of the research.
The paper investigates effects of detergent for domestic use on the photosynthetic activity and c... more The paper investigates effects of detergent for domestic use on the photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll content in intact bean leaves. The plants were watered for 21 days with a solution of domestic washing powder of 0.60 g r/l. It was established that the activity of photosynthetic apparatus in the plant leaf PhACNorm [%] decreases exponentially with the length of plant treatment/watering. At the end of the treatment (21st day) the activity of photosynthetic apparatus in the dosed plant leaf was no more than 45% of that in control plant (those which were not watered with detergent solution). With increased plant treatment duration the changed chlorophyll concentration ΔChlNorm [%] rose non-linearly in plant leaves. The highest change ΔChlNorm [%] was observed on the 21st day and amounted to 12%.
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